augurn.¹

Brit.

/ˈɔːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈɔɡər/,

/ˈɑɡər/

Forms: Middle English augurre, Middle English–1600s augure, 1500s– augur.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augur; Latin augur, auger.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French augur, augure (second half of the 14th cent.; French augure ), or its etymon (ii) classical Latin augur, earlier auger (according to the 6th-cent. grammarian Priscian) official who observes and interprets the behaviour of birds, seer, prophet, of uncertain origin; perhaps < augēre to increase (see auge v.); compare auctor author n.Compare Italian augure (early 14th cent.).

1. Roman History. A religious official who predicted future events and gave advice on public matters on the basis of the observation and interpretation of natural signs (such as the behaviour of birds or celestial phenomena), the examination of animal entrails, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > augur, diviner from omens

augura1393

auguryne?a1425

conjectora1425

augurerc1450

augurizer1588

conjecturer1612

augurya1616

augurist1623

auspicator1652

omen-monger1777

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination by natural phenomena > divination by birds, augury > [noun] > one who practises > in ancient Rome

augura1393

auspex1598

auspicinator1652

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2404 (MED) Theges, of thing which schal befalle He was the ferste Augurre of alle.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. l. 1746 Al maner foul..Hih in the hair apperede in his siht. Vnknowe to hym the tokne what it mente, With dyuynour[e]s cast hym to counsaile, Callid augures.

?1549 J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. vi. p. lxxxvi There were somme callyd Augures, that by obseruation of the byrdes of thaire..made men belyue they knew thinges to comme.

1575 tr. L. Daneau Dialogue Witches i. sig. C.iii^v The Augures or Soothsayers of Roome describing & diuiding the ayre into certen quarters and regions, gathered their profecies therof.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 6 The Romans..knew of learning little but..what their Augurs and Flamins taught them.

a1722 J. Toland tr. Servius Sulpitius in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 329 She saw you her father, a Prætor, a Consul, an Augur.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxv. 514/1 (note) He was Pontiff of the Sun, and of Vesta, Augur, Quindecemvir, Hierophant, &c. &c.

1845 J. J. Anderson Anc. Hist. 310 The pontiffs, augurs, septemvirs, and quindecemvirs, were called ‘the four Colleges of Priests’.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iii. 21 The College of Augurs could declare the auspices unfavourable, and so close all public business.

1913 J. E. Sandys Compan. Lat. Stud. (ed. 3) iv. 166 The disciplina Etrusca..was studied and in part adopted by Roman augurs.

1982 Washington Post 10 Feb. 27/1 It was said of the augurs of ancient Rome that they could not pass each other in the streets—without either laughing or covering their faces in shame.

2002 Hermes 130 100 Whenever Livy identifies a particular augur by name this is, as a rule, in connection with a notice of his death and replacement.

2. More generally: a person who predicts the future; a soothsayer, a diviner, a prophet. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination > [noun] > practitioner of

wielerOE

divinerc1330

divine1340

divinisterc1405

ruspicerc1475

sortilegerc1475

sortilege1483

cole-prophet1532

augur1570

divinator1608

sortiary1652

1570 A. Gilby tr. J. Calvin Comm. Prophet Daniell iv. f. 48^v Some were Augures, some Southsayers, some dreame readers, others Astrologians.

1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 7 Bee Augur then to thy selfe, and calculate thy good fortunes by thy thoughts.

?1606 M. Drayton Eglog i, in Poemes sig. C7^v Philomel—true augure of the spring.

1647 R. Stapleton in tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 115 The Phrygians, Cilicians, and Arabians were very skilfull augurs, or diviners by the flight of birds.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 131 Augur accurst! denouncing Mischief still, Prophet of Plagues, for ever boding Ill!

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 83 Calchas, an augur foremost in his art.

1818 J. Hughes Horæ Brittanicæ I. ii. 188 The ignorant people acceded to all the priests commanded, and believed all that their augurs affirmed.

1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 3 Nov. 826/1 The projectors of the Working Men's College had also consulted their augurs, but had found them to differ in their divinations.

1900 Times of India 24 Sept. 4/5 The third week in October is a favoured time among the augurs.

1961 Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 117 145 Singalang Burong..was described to me by an augur, who had encountered him in a dream, as an impressive old man.

2000 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 2 Jan. a5 To add greater credibility to my detailed and specific predictions, I resolved to seek input..from a bona fide augur.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

augurn.²

Brit.

/ˈɔːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈɔɡər/,

/ˈɑɡər/

Forms: late Middle English–1700s augure, 1600s agure, 1600s– augur.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French augur.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French augure, Middle French augur augury, divination, portent, omen (all 12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin augurium augury n. Compare auguration n. and augury n.Old French augure superseded Old French aür , eür luck, fate, omen, portent, < the same Latin noun (see eure n.). With the development of sense 2 compare augury n. 2.

†1. Augury, divination; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > ceremony or observation

augurc1475

augury1611

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 59 To lerne and know by augures and divinacions of briddis.

a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 1701 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 54 We ar' men of laire Off augure and diuinite.

1585 S. Daniel tr. P. Giovio Worthy Tract contayning Disc. Imprese sig. E.v^v It happely fell out that they returned to their possessions reuenged on their aduersaries, with the good Augure of these Alcion birds.

1666 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 178 With which happy augure permit me..to subscribe myself, etc.

1729 W. Mackintosh Ess. on Inclosing Scotl. 71 Such an Augure, which passes from Hopes to Assurance, is, That the reigning Prince..shows, that he has the Happiness of this Nation particularly at Heart.

1792 H. M. Williams Lett. France II. xix. 143 It was asserted that the fête would end in a massacre... The fête, however, notwithstanding the gloomy augurs which had preceded it, passed without the smallest disorder.

2. An omen, a portent; an indication of future events.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun]

foretokenc888

tokeningc888

beaconc950

token971

handsela1200

boding1297

wonder1297

bodec1374

signa1387

foreboding1387

prenostica1393

prognosticc1425

prophetc1430

prognostication?a1439

ostentationa1450

prenostication?a1450

prodigy?a1450

augurationc1450

preparative1460

prenosticate?a1475

prenosticative?a1475

prodige1482

prenosticature1490

tokener1513

weird1513

show token1535

luck1538

prognosticate1541

preamble1548

proffer1548

presagition?c1550

foreshower1555

presage1560

portent1562

ostent1570

presagie1581

omen1582

presagement1586

luck sign1587

augury1588

prognosticon1588

forerunner1589

presager1591

halfner1594

spae1596

abode1598

oss1600

assign1601

augur1603

bodement1613

predictiona1616

prognosticala1618

bespeaker1624

portender1635

pre-indicant1659

foreshadow1834

boder1846

prognosticant1880

sky sign1880

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxii. 47 Some fathers are so fond foolish, that they will conster as a good Augur [Fr. à bon augure] or fore-boding of a martiall minde to see their sonnes misuse a poore peasant..that doth not defend himselfe.

1652 tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cleopatra 51 I shall take the boldness to tell you that I look on this strangeness of yours as a bad Augur.

1762 tr. Country Seat II. 55 Plangone, to whom she related her Dream, put a favourable Interpretation on it, and exhorted her to rejoice in it as a happy Augur.

1832 C. MacFarlane Romance of Hist.: Italy I. 25 But, courage! a difficulty overcome is an augur of future success!

1854 Glasgow Herald 19 May 5/3 We are glad to observe..that on Wednesday morning the first grilse of the season was taken..; and we should hope this may be a good augur for the future.

1934 W. J. J. Cornelius Sci., Relig. & Man ix. 187 Their assertions respecting what was propitious and what was harmful, what was an augur of evil and what would produce good would be accepted.

1980 H. C. Buechler Masked Media App. B. 362 When Sofĭa noticed a hole burnt into her apron, Marĭa's sister (whom Sofĭa suspects of being responsible) hailed this as a lucky augur.

2015 G. Dorien New Abolition vii. 502 Wright suggested there was ample room for more [black real estate dealers], based on the surmise that the immigration boom from the South would continue. That was an augur of Wright's future.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

augurv.

Brit.

/ˈɔːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈɔɡər/,

/ˈɑɡər/

Forms: 1500s–1600s augure, 1500s– augur.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augurer; Latin augurāre.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French augurer to predict (something) from signs or omens (early 14th cent.; a1614 in extended sense ‘to conjecture’), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin augurāre, augurārī to foretell by augury, to practise augury, to prophesy, predict, foretell, to surmise, conjecture < augur augur n.¹ Compare earlier augurate v. and also augurize v. Compare also earlier augur n.¹Compare Old Occitan augurar (12th cent.), Spanish augurar (15th cent.), Portuguese augurar (16th cent.), Italian augurare (13th cent.). In sense 5 influenced semantically by inaugurate v.; compare earlier augurate v. 2.

1. To predict, foretell, or forecast from signs or omens; to divine, to prophesy. Also in weakened use: to predict; to anticipate.

a. transitive. With simple object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (transitive)]

conjecturec1384

conject1496

augurate1571

augur1593

augurize1596

ominate1599

portend1605

ariolate1652

tell1891

1593 M. Drayton Idea 56 Those who foretell the time of vnborne men, and future things in foretime augured, Have slumbred in that spell-gods darkest den.

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. ii. sig. B I did augure all this to him afore hand.

1660 M. B. Learne of Turk 15 The Astrologers publickly augured his prosperity.

1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 20 They augur misgovernment at a distance; and snuff the approach of tyranny.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. ii. 36 The Doctor..hastened down stairs, auguring some new occasion for his services.

1852 ‘I. Marvel’ Battle Summer (new ed.) 70 Who augured from the very fact, a state of quietude.

1903 Pearson's Mag. Apr. 379/2 An air of indecision from which I augured a good result.

1997 T. Petsinis French Mathematician (1998) i. 8 The ancient Greeks augured the future from birds.

b. transitive. With clause as object.

ΚΠ

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. K2 Whereby she augur'd and coniectur'd,..he would bee found a barrain stalk without frute.

1665 T. See Disc. Sovereign Internal Balsom 5 Without a severe censure from the Learned, one may easily augure, how it would put a period to all industrious endeavours.

1684 J. Gadbury Cardines Cœli 24 For I dare Augure..That less than 24 years more will cover and conceal both our Persons.

1788 Sir W. Young Let. 22 Dec. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. 71 I augur that we have all the Dissenter's interest with us.

1796 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XLIII. 460 From this commencement he had augured that the honourable gentleman would not debate with great candour.

1851 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 254 We feel safe in auguring that we shall hear of him again.

1877 W. Sparrow Serm. xxiii. 308 He may augur the gust is coming, but cannot prevent it.

1919 Proc. Ann. Conf. Taxation 12 490 I do not pretend to augur what the courts will do.

2007 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 37 676 Caroe correctly augured that great power competition for power in Asia would continue long after Britain's official withdrawal.

2. intransitive. To make predictions or forecasts from signs or omens; to make divinations or prophecies; to have foreknowledge or foreboding. Formerly sometimes also: †to conjecture, to speculate (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (intransitive)]

conject1496

halsen1587

preominate1594

augurize1596

augur1599

signa1616

ominate1637

augurate1642

conjecture1652

auspicate1848

1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. C5^v Thus hath all times, and tongues, well entertained her..And those condemn'd to shame, that haue disdeign'd her; And (if I augure right) shall to the end.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. l. 56573 The Peirsie thair remanand was With his tua sonis; gif I richt augur The eldest sone callit Henrie Hetspur.

1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. Ep. Ded. sig. a3^v As in all other Princely and magnificent things Your Notices are extraordinary, so I cannot but augure of their effects.

1748 tr. in Hutchinson's Principia: Pt. II (new ed.) in Philos. & Theol. Wks. (ed. 3) II. 148 To divine or augur from the Aspect of the Heavens or Clouds.

1796 W. Hazlitt Let. 23 Oct. (1979) xii. 70 I know not whether I can augur certainly of ultimate success.

1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. xv. 147 Not that he augur'd of the doom, Which on the living closed the tomb.

1840 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) V. 119 What have the cock-sparrows to do with it; do we augur from them, as the Romans did from chickens?

1923 R. B. Morgan Readings Eng. Social Hist. i. vi. 12 Having stricken the man destined for sacrifice on the back with a sword, they augur from the palpitation.

1965 W. H. Scott tr. R. Alarcón in Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 2 86 They also augur by sneezes.

1986–7 Béaloideas 54–55 11 There Finn's druid, while auguring from the clouds, sees the place where a bruiden will be brought about.

3. transitive. To portend or presage (a future event or situation); to be a prior sign or indication of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]

betokenc1275

bode1387

prognostica1400

pretend1402

prognosticate?a1425

ossc1450

importc1487

prognostify1495

protendc1554

presage1562

abode1573

boden1573

denounce1581

importune1590

prejudicate1595

foretoken1598

ominate1598

auspicate1604

divine1607

foredeem1612

warranta1616

augur1630

preaugurate1635

prewarna1637

prenote1641

preominate1646

forespeak1667

omen1697

betidea1799

bespeak1851

1630 G. Lauder Tears on Death of Evander sig. A2^v Thy bright Aurora augur'd greatter heatte And lounger day before thy Sunne should sett.

1647 Doubtfull Almanack 2 The next malum omen which offers it self as Avis sinistra, an unluckie bird auguring the continuation, if not an increase of our miseries.

1697 J. Evelyn Numismata v. 184 The slavish and flattering Eulogies attributed to some of the very worst and most abandon'd Emperors and Empresses, auguring long and happy Reigns and many Years to them.

1789 Ann. Reg. 1787 Hist. Europe 226/2 Recalling the events of that disastrous time..seemed to augur as dismal a catastrophe to the Austrian as to the Spanish peregrination.

1826 W. Scott Malachi Malagrowther i. 54 It seems to augur genius.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. i. 17 Whose honest, open, handsome, hardy face augured a frank and fearless nature.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 264/2 These undeveloped toughening processes augur astounding changes in the future of glass.

1944 G. Heyer Friday's Child (1960) xiii. 160 Such behaviour might be thought to augur a disinclination..to meet Lord Wrotham upon the morrow.

2014 Australian (Nexis) 27 June 9 Kurdish leaders..believe that recent events augur fundamental changes.

4. intransitive. With adverb or adverbial phrase indicating a positive or negative anticipated outcome, as well, ill, badly, etc.

a. Of a person: to have (good or bad) expectations (of or for a future enterprise, situation, etc.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)]

weenOE

weenc1000

thinklOE

lookc1225

hopec1330

trusta1387

wait onc1390

supposea1393

to wait after ——1393

to look after ——c1400

thinkc1480

attend1483

suppone1490

expect1535

to expect for1538

aspect1548

respect1549

look1560

ween1589

attend1591

propose1594

await1608

to presume on, upon, or of1608

to look forwards1637

prospect1652

to look for ——a1677

augur1678

anticipate1749

to look to ——1782

spect1839

contemplate1841–8

to look forward1848

eye1979

1678 tr. J.-F. Sarasin in Coll. Select Disc. France & Italy 122 Walstein..condescended, fearing lest they should augure ill [Fr. qu'on n'augurât quelque chose de mauvais] from his refusing.

1780 W. Beckford Biogr. Mem. Painters 135 He was pleased with the neat perspectives continually presenting themselves, and augured well from a regularity so consonant to his own ideas.

1790 By-stander 159 He augured—or Oracled, if Mr. Bell likes it better—very greatly of the prodigious improvements he would make.

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 275 I augur well from this circumstance.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 544 Fletcher, from the beginning, had augured ill of the enterprise.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 69 As I looked at his good-natured face I augured well for my reception.

a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. vii. 52 Adrian augured but poorly from the expression of her eyes.

b. Esp. of an event or situation: to show (good or bad) promise; to bode (well or ill) (for or to a future enterprise, situation, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (intransitive)] > evil

threatena1616

augur1788

bode1870

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (intransitive)] > good

promisea1616

bode1676

augur1788

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > seem likely to succeed

to look successfullya1616

promisea1616

bode1676

augur1855

to give (also display, show, etc.) promise1886

1788 T. Jefferson Let. 18 Nov. in Papers (1958) XIV. 188 One vote which augurs ill to the rights of the people.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 106 All augur'd ill to Alpine's line.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iv. 131 A reverential deference which augured well for the success of his mission.

1915 Sc. Geogr. Mag. 31 278 Now that rubber has fallen in price a kind of hopeless lethargy seems to have descended on the people, which augurs badly for the future.

1965 Financial Times 10 Dec. 8/2 I have rarely seen such interest at such an early stage. It augurs extremely well for what we are planning to do.

2012 Trans. Charles S. Peirce Soc. 48 407 A strong basis of friendly cooperation between the two parties, which augurs well for the future.

5. transitive. With in. To initiate or mark (the start of something new); to inaugurate, to usher in. Cf. augurate v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > inaugurate

auspicate1611

augurate1624

to usher in1646

inaugurate1755

augur1865

1865 Reader 11 Feb. 157 Profuse promises have augured in its birth.

1980 Hist. Educ. Q. 20 443 No era of sharply increased involvement of academics in politics..was augured in by the LSR.

2016 A. D. Jhala Royal Patronage Princely India 8 The transition to Crown rule after 1858 augured in a period of cultural, racial and religious polarization in colonial India.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹a1393

n.²c1475

v.1593

单词	augur
释义	augurn.¹ Brit. /ˈɔːɡə/, U.S. /ˈɔɡər/, /ˈɑɡər/ Forms: Middle English augurre, Middle English–1600s augure, 1500s– augur. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augur; Latin augur, auger. Etymology: < (i) Middle French augur, augure (second half of the 14th cent.; French augure ), or its etymon (ii) classical Latin augur, earlier auger (according to the 6th-cent. grammarian Priscian) official who observes and interprets the behaviour of birds, seer, prophet, of uncertain origin; perhaps < augēre to increase (see auge v.); compare auctor author n.Compare Italian augure (early 14th cent.). 1. Roman History. A religious official who predicted future events and gave advice on public matters on the basis of the observation and interpretation of natural signs (such as the behaviour of birds or celestial phenomena), the examination of animal entrails, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > augur, diviner from omens augura1393 auguryne?a1425 conjectora1425 augurerc1450 augurizer1588 conjecturer1612 augurya1616 augurist1623 auspicator1652 omen-monger1777 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination by natural phenomena > divination by birds, augury > [noun] > one who practises > in ancient Rome augura1393 auspex1598 auspicinator1652 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2404 (MED) Theges, of thing which schal befalle He was the ferste Augurre of alle. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. l. 1746 Al maner foul..Hih in the hair apperede in his siht. Vnknowe to hym the tokne what it mente, With dyuynour[e]s cast hym to counsaile, Callid augures. ?1549 J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. vi. p. lxxxvi There were somme callyd Augures, that by obseruation of the byrdes of thaire..made men belyue they knew thinges to comme. 1575 tr. L. Daneau Dialogue Witches i. sig. C.iii^v The Augures or Soothsayers of Roome describing & diuiding the ayre into certen quarters and regions, gathered their profecies therof. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 6 The Romans..knew of learning little but..what their Augurs and Flamins taught them. a1722 J. Toland tr. Servius Sulpitius in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 329 She saw you her father, a Prætor, a Consul, an Augur. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxv. 514/1 (note) He was Pontiff of the Sun, and of Vesta, Augur, Quindecemvir, Hierophant, &c. &c. 1845 J. J. Anderson Anc. Hist. 310 The pontiffs, augurs, septemvirs, and quindecemvirs, were called ‘the four Colleges of Priests’. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iii. 21 The College of Augurs could declare the auspices unfavourable, and so close all public business. 1913 J. E. Sandys Compan. Lat. Stud. (ed. 3) iv. 166 The disciplina Etrusca..was studied and in part adopted by Roman augurs. 1982 Washington Post 10 Feb. 27/1 It was said of the augurs of ancient Rome that they could not pass each other in the streets—without either laughing or covering their faces in shame. 2002 Hermes 130 100 Whenever Livy identifies a particular augur by name this is, as a rule, in connection with a notice of his death and replacement. 2. More generally: a person who predicts the future; a soothsayer, a diviner, a prophet. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination > [noun] > practitioner of wielerOE divinerc1330 divine1340 divinisterc1405 ruspicerc1475 sortilegerc1475 sortilege1483 cole-prophet1532 augur1570 divinator1608 sortiary1652 1570 A. Gilby tr. J. Calvin Comm. Prophet Daniell iv. f. 48^v Some were Augures, some Southsayers, some dreame readers, others Astrologians. 1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 7 Bee Augur then to thy selfe, and calculate thy good fortunes by thy thoughts. ?1606 M. Drayton Eglog i, in Poemes sig. C7^v Philomel—true augure of the spring. 1647 R. Stapleton in tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 115 The Phrygians, Cilicians, and Arabians were very skilfull augurs, or diviners by the flight of birds. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 131 Augur accurst! denouncing Mischief still, Prophet of Plagues, for ever boding Ill! 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 83 Calchas, an augur foremost in his art. 1818 J. Hughes Horæ Brittanicæ I. ii. 188 The ignorant people acceded to all the priests commanded, and believed all that their augurs affirmed. 1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 3 Nov. 826/1 The projectors of the Working Men's College had also consulted their augurs, but had found them to differ in their divinations. 1900 Times of India 24 Sept. 4/5 The third week in October is a favoured time among the augurs. 1961 Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 117 145 Singalang Burong..was described to me by an augur, who had encountered him in a dream, as an impressive old man. 2000 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 2 Jan. a5 To add greater credibility to my detailed and specific predictions, I resolved to seek input..from a bona fide augur. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). augurn.² Brit. /ˈɔːɡə/, U.S. /ˈɔɡər/, /ˈɑɡər/ Forms: late Middle English–1700s augure, 1600s agure, 1600s– augur. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French augur. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French augure, Middle French augur augury, divination, portent, omen (all 12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin augurium augury n. Compare auguration n. and augury n.Old French augure superseded Old French aür , eür luck, fate, omen, portent, < the same Latin noun (see eure n.). With the development of sense 2 compare augury n. 2. †1. Augury, divination; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > [noun] > ceremony or observation augurc1475 augury1611 c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 59 To lerne and know by augures and divinacions of briddis. a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 1701 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 54 We ar' men of laire Off augure and diuinite. 1585 S. Daniel tr. P. Giovio Worthy Tract contayning Disc. Imprese sig. E.v^v It happely fell out that they returned to their possessions reuenged on their aduersaries, with the good Augure of these Alcion birds. 1666 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 178 With which happy augure permit me..to subscribe myself, etc. 1729 W. Mackintosh Ess. on Inclosing Scotl. 71 Such an Augure, which passes from Hopes to Assurance, is, That the reigning Prince..shows, that he has the Happiness of this Nation particularly at Heart. 1792 H. M. Williams Lett. France II. xix. 143 It was asserted that the fête would end in a massacre... The fête, however, notwithstanding the gloomy augurs which had preceded it, passed without the smallest disorder. 2. An omen, a portent; an indication of future events. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] foretokenc888 tokeningc888 beaconc950 token971 handsela1200 boding1297 wonder1297 bodec1374 signa1387 foreboding1387 prenostica1393 prognosticc1425 prophetc1430 prognostication?a1439 ostentationa1450 prenostication?a1450 prodigy?a1450 augurationc1450 preparative1460 prenosticate?a1475 prenosticative?a1475 prodige1482 prenosticature1490 tokener1513 weird1513 show token1535 luck1538 prognosticate1541 preamble1548 proffer1548 presagition?c1550 foreshower1555 presage1560 portent1562 ostent1570 presagie1581 omen1582 presagement1586 luck sign1587 augury1588 prognosticon1588 forerunner1589 presager1591 halfner1594 spae1596 abode1598 oss1600 assign1601 augur1603 bodement1613 predictiona1616 prognosticala1618 bespeaker1624 portender1635 pre-indicant1659 foreshadow1834 boder1846 prognosticant1880 sky sign1880 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxii. 47 Some fathers are so fond foolish, that they will conster as a good Augur [Fr. à bon augure] or fore-boding of a martiall minde to see their sonnes misuse a poore peasant..that doth not defend himselfe. 1652 tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cleopatra 51 I shall take the boldness to tell you that I look on this strangeness of yours as a bad Augur. 1762 tr. Country Seat II. 55 Plangone, to whom she related her Dream, put a favourable Interpretation on it, and exhorted her to rejoice in it as a happy Augur. 1832 C. MacFarlane Romance of Hist.: Italy I. 25 But, courage! a difficulty overcome is an augur of future success! 1854 Glasgow Herald 19 May 5/3 We are glad to observe..that on Wednesday morning the first grilse of the season was taken..; and we should hope this may be a good augur for the future. 1934 W. J. J. Cornelius Sci., Relig. & Man ix. 187 Their assertions respecting what was propitious and what was harmful, what was an augur of evil and what would produce good would be accepted. 1980 H. C. Buechler Masked Media App. B. 362 When Sofĭa noticed a hole burnt into her apron, Marĭa's sister (whom Sofĭa suspects of being responsible) hailed this as a lucky augur. 2015 G. Dorien New Abolition vii. 502 Wright suggested there was ample room for more [black real estate dealers], based on the surmise that the immigration boom from the South would continue. That was an augur of Wright's future. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). augurv. Brit. /ˈɔːɡə/, U.S. /ˈɔɡər/, /ˈɑɡər/ Forms: 1500s–1600s augure, 1500s– augur. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augurer; Latin augurāre. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French augurer to predict (something) from signs or omens (early 14th cent.; a1614 in extended sense ‘to conjecture’), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin augurāre, augurārī to foretell by augury, to practise augury, to prophesy, predict, foretell, to surmise, conjecture < augur augur n.¹ Compare earlier augurate v. and also augurize v. Compare also earlier augur n.¹Compare Old Occitan augurar (12th cent.), Spanish augurar (15th cent.), Portuguese augurar (16th cent.), Italian augurare (13th cent.). In sense 5 influenced semantically by inaugurate v.; compare earlier augurate v. 2. 1. To predict, foretell, or forecast from signs or omens; to divine, to prophesy. Also in weakened use: to predict; to anticipate. a. transitive. With simple object. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (transitive)] conjecturec1384 conject1496 augurate1571 augur1593 augurize1596 ominate1599 portend1605 ariolate1652 tell1891 1593 M. Drayton Idea 56 Those who foretell the time of vnborne men, and future things in foretime augured, Have slumbred in that spell-gods darkest den. 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. ii. sig. B I did augure all this to him afore hand. View more context for this quotation 1660 M. B. Learne of Turk 15 The Astrologers publickly augured his prosperity. 1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 20 They augur misgovernment at a distance; and snuff the approach of tyranny. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. ii. 36 The Doctor..hastened down stairs, auguring some new occasion for his services. 1852 ‘I. Marvel’ Battle Summer (new ed.) 70 Who augured from the very fact, a state of quietude. 1903 Pearson's Mag. Apr. 379/2 An air of indecision from which I augured a good result. 1997 T. Petsinis French Mathematician (1998) i. 8 The ancient Greeks augured the future from birds. b. transitive. With clause as object. ΚΠ 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. K2 Whereby she augur'd and coniectur'd,..he would bee found a barrain stalk without frute. 1665 T. See Disc. Sovereign Internal Balsom 5 Without a severe censure from the Learned, one may easily augure, how it would put a period to all industrious endeavours. 1684 J. Gadbury Cardines Cœli 24 For I dare Augure..That less than 24 years more will cover and conceal both our Persons. 1788 Sir W. Young Let. 22 Dec. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. 71 I augur that we have all the Dissenter's interest with us. 1796 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XLIII. 460 From this commencement he had augured that the honourable gentleman would not debate with great candour. 1851 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 254 We feel safe in auguring that we shall hear of him again. 1877 W. Sparrow Serm. xxiii. 308 He may augur the gust is coming, but cannot prevent it. 1919 Proc. Ann. Conf. Taxation 12 490 I do not pretend to augur what the courts will do. 2007 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 37 676 Caroe correctly augured that great power competition for power in Asia would continue long after Britain's official withdrawal. 2. intransitive. To make predictions or forecasts from signs or omens; to make divinations or prophecies; to have foreknowledge or foreboding. Formerly sometimes also: †to conjecture, to speculate (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > augury, divination from omens > augur, divine from omens [verb (intransitive)] conject1496 halsen1587 preominate1594 augurize1596 augur1599 signa1616 ominate1637 augurate1642 conjecture1652 auspicate1848 1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. C5^v Thus hath all times, and tongues, well entertained her..And those condemn'd to shame, that haue disdeign'd her; And (if I augure right) shall to the end. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. l. 56573 The Peirsie thair remanand was With his tua sonis; gif I richt augur The eldest sone callit Henrie Hetspur. 1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. Ep. Ded. sig. a3^v As in all other Princely and magnificent things Your Notices are extraordinary, so I cannot but augure of their effects. 1748 tr. in Hutchinson's Principia: Pt. II (new ed.) in Philos. & Theol. Wks. (ed. 3) II. 148 To divine or augur from the Aspect of the Heavens or Clouds. 1796 W. Hazlitt Let. 23 Oct. (1979) xii. 70 I know not whether I can augur certainly of ultimate success. 1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. xv. 147 Not that he augur'd of the doom, Which on the living closed the tomb. 1840 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) V. 119 What have the cock-sparrows to do with it; do we augur from them, as the Romans did from chickens? 1923 R. B. Morgan Readings Eng. Social Hist. i. vi. 12 Having stricken the man destined for sacrifice on the back with a sword, they augur from the palpitation. 1965 W. H. Scott tr. R. Alarcón in Jrnl. Folklore Inst. 2 86 They also augur by sneezes. 1986–7 Béaloideas 54–55 11 There Finn's druid, while auguring from the clouds, sees the place where a bruiden will be brought about. 3. transitive. To portend or presage (a future event or situation); to be a prior sign or indication of. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)] betokenc1275 bode1387 prognostica1400 pretend1402 prognosticate?a1425 ossc1450 importc1487 prognostify1495 protendc1554 presage1562 abode1573 boden1573 denounce1581 importune1590 prejudicate1595 foretoken1598 ominate1598 auspicate1604 divine1607 foredeem1612 warranta1616 augur1630 preaugurate1635 prewarna1637 prenote1641 preominate1646 forespeak1667 omen1697 betidea1799 bespeak1851 1630 G. Lauder Tears on Death of Evander sig. A2^v Thy bright Aurora augur'd greatter heatte And lounger day before thy Sunne should sett. 1647 Doubtfull Almanack 2 The next malum omen which offers it self as Avis sinistra, an unluckie bird auguring the continuation, if not an increase of our miseries. 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata v. 184 The slavish and flattering Eulogies attributed to some of the very worst and most abandon'd Emperors and Empresses, auguring long and happy Reigns and many Years to them. 1789 Ann. Reg. 1787 Hist. Europe 226/2 Recalling the events of that disastrous time..seemed to augur as dismal a catastrophe to the Austrian as to the Spanish peregrination. 1826 W. Scott Malachi Malagrowther i. 54 It seems to augur genius. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. i. 17 Whose honest, open, handsome, hardy face augured a frank and fearless nature. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 264/2 These undeveloped toughening processes augur astounding changes in the future of glass. 1944 G. Heyer Friday's Child (1960) xiii. 160 Such behaviour might be thought to augur a disinclination..to meet Lord Wrotham upon the morrow. 2014 Australian (Nexis) 27 June 9 Kurdish leaders..believe that recent events augur fundamental changes. 4. intransitive. With adverb or adverbial phrase indicating a positive or negative anticipated outcome, as well, ill, badly, etc. a. Of a person: to have (good or bad) expectations (of or for a future enterprise, situation, etc.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] weenOE weenc1000 thinklOE lookc1225 hopec1330 trusta1387 wait onc1390 supposea1393 to wait after ——1393 to look after ——c1400 thinkc1480 attend1483 suppone1490 expect1535 to expect for1538 aspect1548 respect1549 look1560 ween1589 attend1591 propose1594 await1608 to presume on, upon, or of1608 to look forwards1637 prospect1652 to look for ——a1677 augur1678 anticipate1749 to look to ——1782 spect1839 contemplate1841–8 to look forward1848 eye1979 1678 tr. J.-F. Sarasin in Coll. Select Disc. France & Italy 122 Walstein..condescended, fearing lest they should augure ill [Fr. qu'on n'augurât quelque chose de mauvais] from his refusing. 1780 W. Beckford Biogr. Mem. Painters 135 He was pleased with the neat perspectives continually presenting themselves, and augured well from a regularity so consonant to his own ideas. 1790 By-stander 159 He augured—or Oracled, if Mr. Bell likes it better—very greatly of the prodigious improvements he would make. 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 275 I augur well from this circumstance. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 544 Fletcher, from the beginning, had augured ill of the enterprise. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 69 As I looked at his good-natured face I augured well for my reception. a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. vii. 52 Adrian augured but poorly from the expression of her eyes. b. Esp. of an event or situation: to show (good or bad) promise; to bode (well or ill) (for or to a future enterprise, situation, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (intransitive)] > evil threatena1616 augur1788 bode1870 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (intransitive)] > good promisea1616 bode1676 augur1788 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > seem likely to succeed to look successfullya1616 promisea1616 bode1676 augur1855 to give (also display, show, etc.) promise1886 1788 T. Jefferson Let. 18 Nov. in Papers (1958) XIV. 188 One vote which augurs ill to the rights of the people. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 106 All augur'd ill to Alpine's line. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iv. 131 A reverential deference which augured well for the success of his mission. 1915 Sc. Geogr. Mag. 31 278 Now that rubber has fallen in price a kind of hopeless lethargy seems to have descended on the people, which augurs badly for the future. 1965 Financial Times 10 Dec. 8/2 I have rarely seen such interest at such an early stage. It augurs extremely well for what we are planning to do. 2012 Trans. Charles S. Peirce Soc. 48 407 A strong basis of friendly cooperation between the two parties, which augurs well for the future. 5. transitive. With in. To initiate or mark (the start of something new); to inaugurate, to usher in. Cf. augurate v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > inaugurate auspicate1611 augurate1624 to usher in1646 inaugurate1755 augur1865 1865 Reader 11 Feb. 157 Profuse promises have augured in its birth. 1980 Hist. Educ. Q. 20 443 No era of sharply increased involvement of academics in politics..was augured in by the LSR. 2016 A. D. Jhala Royal Patronage Princely India 8 The transition to Crown rule after 1858 augured in a period of cultural, racial and religious polarization in colonial India. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1393n.²c1475v.1593
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augurv.

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