livenv.

Brit.

/ˈlʌɪvən/, U.S.

/ˈlaɪv(ə)n/

Forms: 1600s liuen, 1600s lyuen, 1600s– liven, 1800s– lyven (English regional (Cumberland)).

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Probably partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: life n., -en suffix⁵; live adj.¹, -en suffix⁵; enliven v.

Etymology: Probably partly < life n. + -en suffix⁵, partly shortened < enliven v., and partly (especially in sense 3) < live adj.¹ + -en suffix⁵. Earlier currency is probably implied by livening adj.

a. transitive. To brighten or cheer, to animate; to bring energy and interest into.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > imbue with vigour or force [verb (transitive)] > make more lively

animate1585

livena1628

smarten1782

vivify1833

light1854

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > make cheerful and lively

alacriate1560

enlivea1617

enliven1701

frisk1802

liven1821

pearten1851

effervesce1866

to liven up1873

to hot up1929

goose1970

to funk up1972

to funk out1995

a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) To Reader sig. A2^v Things liuened by the expression of the speaker, sometimes take well, which after, vpon a mature review, seeme eyther superfluous, or flat.

a1649 G. Abbott Brief Notes Psalms (1651) 467 As thou art mindfull of thy promise, so are we, that is that livens our faith, and clears our heart.

1821 T. Odiorne Poems ii. 34 And what is beautiful in every scene, Livens her mind, and luminates her mien.

1829 G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. VI. xix. 43 ‘Perhaps..it may be found that the Scots have no need of foreign troops, but,’ livening his tone, he added, ‘you may tell the duke of Hamilton from me, [etc.]’.

1897 J. H. Crawford Wild Flowers Scotl. Introd. 13 A few typical forms in a natural setting, livened by some incident..in which I shared.

1962 Amer. Hist. Rev. 67 1070 Dramatic incidents that liven the pages of his early journals.

1987 W. E. Marsden Unequal Educ. Provis. Eng. & Wales vi. 140 William Warburton,..an activist who livened the proceedings of the first Salford School Board.

1999 N. Burt Perennial Philadelphians (new ed.) iv. iii. 408 Carey was social and talkative, and livened his conversation with curses.

b. transitive. To give life to (physically, spiritually, or metaphorically), to breathe life into. Also intransitive. Cf. enliven v.

ΚΠ

a1628 J. Preston Certaine Serm. vpon Humiliation in Saints Qualification (1633) 201 This [sc. private prayer] is a meanes to act this Truth,..this sparke which God hath kindled, were it not for this, they would be raked up in the ashes againe; now performing prayer in a devout and fervent manner, doth liven them.

1631 C. Aleyn Battailes Crescey & Poictiers sig. B7 We see in bodies lyuened by a soule, The vnion of the parts conserues the whole.

1678 J. Bunyan Come, & Welcome 57 The sweet and warm gleads of the promise, are like the comfortable beams of the Sun, which liven and refresh.

1705 N. Tate Triumph 10 Of Life no Symptom left, but what his self did yield, Fresh blazing from the Cloud and Livening all the Field.

1896 J. K. Snowden Web of Old Weaver x. 121 We had no more to liven us than an urcheon has in winter-time.

1961 I. Khan Jumbie Bird ii. 24 The boy's hand slipped from his chin, causing him to fall sideways into the lap of the old man, and a break in the dead silence livened the group again.

1994 N. M. Christensen tr. H. Wassmo Dina's Bk. 393 Dina showed interest in both the work and the building. Which livened the doctor's enthusiasm.

2. intransitive. To grow lively; to brighten; (of wind) to strengthen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > gain vigour or strength

prevaila1398

convailc1500

to gather heada1593

liven1739

1739 W. Shenstone Let. 24 July in Wks. (1791) III. ii. 4 The hen that I set..has just hatched, and has brought all her eggs to ‘good’..so be and't please G—d an how that they liven, there'll be a glorious parcel of 'em.

1900 T. Dreiser Sister Carrie x. 108 Her appearance came into a new light, under Hurstwood's appreciation. The situation livened considerably.

1922 E. Blunden Bonaventure iii. 23 The wind livened. The lights of the town slowly dwindled behind us.

1925 T. Hardy Human Shows 42 The houses stood confronting us afar..; The small lamps livened; then out-stole a star.

1967 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Grain of Wheat v. 65 His heart livened with hope and fear as he went into the bathroom to prepare himself for the great confession.

2005 W. D. Tucker War of Sudden Light 246 It took them three more days..and Emory's heart livened greatly when they had dropped anchor.

3. transitive. To connect to a source of electrical power, to render electrically live or active.

ΚΠ

1903 Daily Chron. 6 Mar. 6/7 There were twelve cables lying there. Only three of them were ‘alive’, and it was decided to ‘liven’ the others.

1981 ‘C. J. Cherryh’ Pride of Chanur ii. 25 She livened another board, bringing up jump-graphs.

2007 N.Z. Press Assoc. Newswire (Nexis) 23 Oct. A damaged cable may liven the aluminium foil when power is turned back on.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to liven up

1. transitive.

a. To give life to, put life into; = sense 1b.

ΚΠ

1836 W. A. Brewer Recreations of Merchant 45 Hadst thou a thousand lives to live,..and garden-sweat to tinct, Or Calvary's gore to liven up the sketch..'twere vain indeed, To attempt a lively portraiture of man Freed from the guilt and power of sin.

1848 Rep. Court of Chancery N.Y. 3 373 Testator was easily excited to anger and easily pacified. Mrs. H. tickled his feet and livened him up frequently.

1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 85 Every inch of her [sc. a ship]..has to be livened up and made to work wi' its neighbour—sweetenin' her, we call it, technically.

1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 37 Broody, lethargic. Sleepy. Slack. A frequent expression on the drill-ground by drill-sergeants to liven men up, e.g., ‘You there, don't get broody, get a move on.’

1974 M. W. Fox Understanding your Cat iii.70 Perhaps ‘cat Muzac’ in the cattery may liven up those irregular or lazy breeders!

2000 Whole Earth Fall 104 The addition of Emily as assistant editor has clearly livened up the energy in the office.

b. To brighten, cheer, animate; = sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > make cheerful and lively

alacriate1560

enlivea1617

enliven1701

frisk1802

liven1821

pearten1851

effervesce1866

to liven up1873

to hot up1929

goose1970

to funk up1972

to funk out1995

1873 A. S. Stephens Bellehood & Bondage xxviii. 130 If she isn't too knowing, and don't put on beauty airs, perhaps it might do... This girl may liven up the establishment a little.

1888 G. R. Sims Land of Gold 67 He'd liven up his sermons with a sporting illustration About ‘getting fit’ and ‘training’ for the Prize Fight of Salvation.

1924 G. Pattullo in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1924 (1925) 145 The two livened up the party considerably.

1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider iv. 92 We'll try to liven up this dull old house a little tonight with some youth and beauty.

1998 Touch Aug. 59/1 When the girlz and I arrived it was a very stush, subdued affair and it was clear that we had to liven things up.

2. intransitive. To grow lively; to brighten; (of wind or weather) to become more severe; = sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up

cheer?1553

to look up1600

come1607

to cheer up1620

exhilarate1620

brighten1692

to come to1765

to come about1775

spurk1823

to hearten up1834

to buck up1844

chirk1844

pearten1851

to come around1853

to liven up1863

to chipper up1867

lighten1873

pep1910

to lighten up1911

1863 Continental Monthly Jan. 16/1 Thus refreshed, although soaked to the skin, Francesco livened up.

1884 Manch. Examiner 26 Nov. 8/1 Matters will liven up a bit during the day.

1979 T. Jones Saga of Wayward Sailor xxi. 228 The weather livened up and soon Fanny Adams was hard put to maintain headway against a strong easterly breeze.

1987 V. Koppel in L. Goldberger Rescue Danish Jews v. 107 The mood on board the truck was at first very dejected, but things livened up quickly as we felt more and more convinced that we were not headed for the harbor.

2007 V. Swarup Across 7 Seas xxii. 295 The mood was livening up; soon the house was filled with laughter with everyone enjoying themselves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	liven
释义	livenv. Brit. /ˈlʌɪvən/, U.S. /ˈlaɪv(ə)n/ Forms: 1600s liuen, 1600s lyuen, 1600s– liven, 1800s– lyven (English regional (Cumberland)). Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Probably partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: life n., -en suffix⁵; live adj.¹, -en suffix⁵; enliven v. Etymology: Probably partly < life n. + -en suffix⁵, partly shortened < enliven v., and partly (especially in sense 3) < live adj.¹ + -en suffix⁵. Earlier currency is probably implied by livening adj. 1. a. transitive. To brighten or cheer, to animate; to bring energy and interest into. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > imbue with vigour or force [verb (transitive)] > make more lively animate1585 livena1628 smarten1782 vivify1833 light1854 the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > make cheerful and lively alacriate1560 enlivea1617 enliven1701 frisk1802 liven1821 pearten1851 effervesce1866 to liven up1873 to hot up1929 goose1970 to funk up1972 to funk out1995 a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) To Reader sig. A2^v Things liuened by the expression of the speaker, sometimes take well, which after, vpon a mature review, seeme eyther superfluous, or flat. a1649 G. Abbott Brief Notes Psalms (1651) 467 As thou art mindfull of thy promise, so are we, that is that livens our faith, and clears our heart. 1821 T. Odiorne Poems ii. 34 And what is beautiful in every scene, Livens her mind, and luminates her mien. 1829 G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. VI. xix. 43 ‘Perhaps..it may be found that the Scots have no need of foreign troops, but,’ livening his tone, he added, ‘you may tell the duke of Hamilton from me, [etc.]’. 1897 J. H. Crawford Wild Flowers Scotl. Introd. 13 A few typical forms in a natural setting, livened by some incident..in which I shared. 1962 Amer. Hist. Rev. 67 1070 Dramatic incidents that liven the pages of his early journals. 1987 W. E. Marsden Unequal Educ. Provis. Eng. & Wales vi. 140 William Warburton,..an activist who livened the proceedings of the first Salford School Board. 1999 N. Burt Perennial Philadelphians (new ed.) iv. iii. 408 Carey was social and talkative, and livened his conversation with curses. b. transitive. To give life to (physically, spiritually, or metaphorically), to breathe life into. Also intransitive. Cf. enliven v. ΚΠ a1628 J. Preston Certaine Serm. vpon Humiliation in Saints Qualification (1633) 201 This [sc. private prayer] is a meanes to act this Truth,..this sparke which God hath kindled, were it not for this, they would be raked up in the ashes againe; now performing prayer in a devout and fervent manner, doth liven them. 1631 C. Aleyn Battailes Crescey & Poictiers sig. B7 We see in bodies lyuened by a soule, The vnion of the parts conserues the whole. 1678 J. Bunyan Come, & Welcome 57 The sweet and warm gleads of the promise, are like the comfortable beams of the Sun, which liven and refresh. 1705 N. Tate Triumph 10 Of Life no Symptom left, but what his self did yield, Fresh blazing from the Cloud and Livening all the Field. 1896 J. K. Snowden Web of Old Weaver x. 121 We had no more to liven us than an urcheon has in winter-time. 1961 I. Khan Jumbie Bird ii. 24 The boy's hand slipped from his chin, causing him to fall sideways into the lap of the old man, and a break in the dead silence livened the group again. 1994 N. M. Christensen tr. H. Wassmo Dina's Bk. 393 Dina showed interest in both the work and the building. Which livened the doctor's enthusiasm. 2. intransitive. To grow lively; to brighten; (of wind) to strengthen. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > gain vigour or strength prevaila1398 convailc1500 to gather heada1593 liven1739 1739 W. Shenstone Let. 24 July in Wks. (1791) III. ii. 4 The hen that I set..has just hatched, and has brought all her eggs to ‘good’..so be and't please G—d an how that they liven, there'll be a glorious parcel of 'em. 1900 T. Dreiser Sister Carrie x. 108 Her appearance came into a new light, under Hurstwood's appreciation. The situation livened considerably. 1922 E. Blunden Bonaventure iii. 23 The wind livened. The lights of the town slowly dwindled behind us. 1925 T. Hardy Human Shows 42 The houses stood confronting us afar..; The small lamps livened; then out-stole a star. 1967 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Grain of Wheat v. 65 His heart livened with hope and fear as he went into the bathroom to prepare himself for the great confession. 2005 W. D. Tucker War of Sudden Light 246 It took them three more days..and Emory's heart livened greatly when they had dropped anchor. 3. transitive. To connect to a source of electrical power, to render electrically live or active. ΚΠ 1903 Daily Chron. 6 Mar. 6/7 There were twelve cables lying there. Only three of them were ‘alive’, and it was decided to ‘liven’ the others. 1981 ‘C. J. Cherryh’ Pride of Chanur ii. 25 She livened another board, bringing up jump-graphs. 2007 N.Z. Press Assoc. Newswire (Nexis) 23 Oct. A damaged cable may liven the aluminium foil when power is turned back on. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. to liven up 1. transitive. a. To give life to, put life into; = sense 1b. ΚΠ 1836 W. A. Brewer Recreations of Merchant 45 Hadst thou a thousand lives to live,..and garden-sweat to tinct, Or Calvary's gore to liven up the sketch..'twere vain indeed, To attempt a lively portraiture of man Freed from the guilt and power of sin. 1848 Rep. Court of Chancery N.Y. 3 373 Testator was easily excited to anger and easily pacified. Mrs. H. tickled his feet and livened him up frequently. 1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 85 Every inch of her [sc. a ship]..has to be livened up and made to work wi' its neighbour—sweetenin' her, we call it, technically. 1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 37 Broody, lethargic. Sleepy. Slack. A frequent expression on the drill-ground by drill-sergeants to liven men up, e.g., ‘You there, don't get broody, get a move on.’ 1974 M. W. Fox Understanding your Cat iii.70 Perhaps ‘cat Muzac’ in the cattery may liven up those irregular or lazy breeders! 2000 Whole Earth Fall 104 The addition of Emily as assistant editor has clearly livened up the energy in the office. b. To brighten, cheer, animate; = sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > make cheerful and lively alacriate1560 enlivea1617 enliven1701 frisk1802 liven1821 pearten1851 effervesce1866 to liven up1873 to hot up1929 goose1970 to funk up1972 to funk out1995 1873 A. S. Stephens Bellehood & Bondage xxviii. 130 If she isn't too knowing, and don't put on beauty airs, perhaps it might do... This girl may liven up the establishment a little. 1888 G. R. Sims Land of Gold 67 He'd liven up his sermons with a sporting illustration About ‘getting fit’ and ‘training’ for the Prize Fight of Salvation. 1924 G. Pattullo in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1924 (1925) 145 The two livened up the party considerably. 1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider iv. 92 We'll try to liven up this dull old house a little tonight with some youth and beauty. 1998 Touch Aug. 59/1 When the girlz and I arrived it was a very stush, subdued affair and it was clear that we had to liven things up. 2. intransitive. To grow lively; to brighten; (of wind or weather) to become more severe; = sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up cheer?1553 to look up1600 come1607 to cheer up1620 exhilarate1620 brighten1692 to come to1765 to come about1775 spurk1823 to hearten up1834 to buck up1844 chirk1844 pearten1851 to come around1853 to liven up1863 to chipper up1867 lighten1873 pep1910 to lighten up1911 1863 Continental Monthly Jan. 16/1 Thus refreshed, although soaked to the skin, Francesco livened up. 1884 Manch. Examiner 26 Nov. 8/1 Matters will liven up a bit during the day. 1979 T. Jones Saga of Wayward Sailor xxi. 228 The weather livened up and soon Fanny Adams was hard put to maintain headway against a strong easterly breeze. 1987 V. Koppel in L. Goldberger Rescue Danish Jews v. 107 The mood on board the truck was at first very dejected, but things livened up quickly as we felt more and more convinced that we were not headed for the harbor. 2007 V. Swarup Across 7 Seas xxii. 295 The mood was livening up; soon the house was filled with laughter with everyone enjoying themselves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.a1628
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