augmentn.

Brit.

/ˈɔːɡmənt/, U.S.

/ˈɔɡmənt/,

/ˈɑɡmənt/

Forms: late Middle English– augment, 1500s agment, 1500s augmente.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin augmentum.

Etymology: < classical Latin augmentum process of increasing, increase, amount of increase, increment, in post-classical Latin also (in Greek grammar) prefixed vowel (a1536 in Erasmus) < augēre to increase (see auge v.) + -mentum -ment suffix. Compare slightly earlier augmentation n., augmenting n., augment v.Compare Middle French, French augment (mid 16th cent.), Catalan augment (late 14th cent.), Spanish aumento (c1300), Portuguese aumento (16th cent.), Italian aumento (early 14th cent.).

1. Increase in number, size, or degree; addition, enlargement, intensification. Also: an instance of any of these; an increase, an addition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun]

waxingc1055

increasingc1340

increasec1374

echinga1382

creasing1398

augmentinga1400

alarginga1425

moringa1425

augmentc1425

incrementc1425

creasec1440

increasement1509

enlarginga1513

enlargement1564

amplification1569

accession1570

usury1576

enhancement1577

growth1587

creasement1592

accrease1598

crescence1602

improvement1607

excrement1608

majoration1626

heightening1629

auction1692

turgescence1806

outgrowth1837

steepening1868

prolating1919

upgrading1920

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1927 In augment of þi woo.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 82 in Shorter Poems (1967) 12 In the is rute and augment of curage.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 71 To seeke the augmente and correctione of Chawcers Woorkes.

1620 F. W. Paterson Protestants Theol. xxxi. 296 Wherefore doe the Papists so arrogantly teach, that a man properly may merite the augment, and increase of grace, in this lyfe.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 132 That though indeed there be an augment in some petrifications, yet that it is not so in all.

1710 J. Harris tr. I. Newton Introd. Quadrature Curves in Lexicon Technicum II. at Quadrature Fluxions are very nearly as the Augments of the Fluents, generated in equal, but infinitely small parts of Time.

1792 T. Taylor tr. Proclus Philos. & Math. Comm. (new ed.) I. ii. viii. 128 The augment of the first, how great soever it may be, shall always be less than the decrement of the second.

1800 J. Brand Determination Average Depression Price of Wheat in War 39 The mean annual augment of prices was 2.8d.

1875 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Feb. 200/2 Fever in the sense in which we have agreed to use the word, viz., as consisting in rapid augment of temperature.

1941 Classical Philol. 36 67 With authorized augment of 5 per cent and additional government tax of 2 per cent.

1961 N. Mailer Advert. for Myself 30 His head upside down, felt heavy and uncomfortable, the back carrying him was not broad—he felt an augment of his fear.

2004 L. D. Lacerda et al. in L. D. Lacerda et al. Environmental Geochem. Trop. & Subtrop. Environments xxi. 269 The increasing anthropogenic pressure upon these ecosystems may cause a rapid augment in the environmental toxicity of heavy metals.

2. Grammar. A prefixed vowel marking past tense forms of verbs, as found in some older Indo-European languages. Also: an affix used to mark verb forms with past time reference in any language.In ancient Greek, when the prefixed vowel remains separate, it is called the syllabic augment (see syllabic adj. 1b); when it forms, with a following vowel, a long vowel or diphthong, the temporal augment (see temporal adj.¹ 5a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix > specific

un1650

augment1671

inflex1859

particule1889

preverb1906

1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Also in Grammar, Augment is an addition made in certain Tenses of Greek Verbs.

1716 Help Understanding Holy Script.: Bk. of Daniel 138 The Augment being promiscuously observ'd or neglected by Greek Authors.

a1771 T. Gray Observ. Eng. Metre in Wks. (1814) II. 4 The y which we often see prefixed to participles passive, ycleped, yhewe, &c...is the old Anglo-Saxon augment.

1861 W. E. Jelf Gram. Greek Lang. (ed. 3) I. §171 The augment is employed in the indicative mood only of all the historic tenses.

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §585 The augment is a short a, prefixed to a tense stem..The augment is a sign of past time.

1939 Language 15 147 In general the augment of Sanskrit and Greek is a short vowel.

1980 Novum Testamentum 22 3 Why is it some authors such as Luke or Paul vary the spelling of the augment?

2004 D. Holton et al. Greek vi. 153 Verbs that have a prepositional prefix place the augment, if they have one, between the preposition and the verb stem.

3. Chiefly Surgery. An implant used to repair a defect or to increase the size of a part of the body. Also: an instance of surgical augmentation (see augmentation n. 12).

ΚΠ

1982 J. R. de Wijn Porous Polymethylmethacrylate Cement vii. 112 Fixation of the augment to the bone, however, offers the usual problems and poor securing of the implant may lead to its migration or mobility.

2003 V. L. Blum Flesh Wounds iv. 103 That's not a good time to do it, when they're just going crazy and they've finally stopped crying after five days, and they come in and say, ‘I'm going to get an augment.’

2013 J. W. Harkess & J. R. Crockarell in S. T. Canale & J. H. Beaty Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics (ed. 12) I. iii. 174/2 Augments of various sized are screwed into bony defects to support the acetabular component.

Derivatives

ˈaugmentless adj. Grammar (of a verb form) lacking an augment (sense 2).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > forming past tense in specific ways

unaugmented1776

strong1833

weak1833

augmentless1879

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §587 The accentuation of the augmentless forms.

1931 Classical Jrnl. 27 122 The augmentless verb forms of Homer might have left the impression that the old poet was hard put to it for a word to fit his meter.

2002 J. Heath Jewish & Muslim Dial. of Moroccan Arabic iv. 219 The augmentless type is basically Jebli.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

augmentv.

Brit.

/ɔːɡˈmɛnt/, U.S.

/ɔɡˈmɛnt/,

/ɑɡˈmɛnt/

Forms: Middle English aument, Middle English avgement, Middle English avment, Middle English awment, Middle English awmente, Middle English–1500s agment, Middle English–1500s augmente, Middle English– augment, 1500s aggment, 1500s awgment, 1500s awgmenthe, 1500s–1600s augement, 1600s–1700s ogment.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augmenter; Latin augmentare.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French augmenter, Middle French (rare) aumenter (French augmenter ) to make (something) greater in number, size, or degree (14th cent.), to become greater in number, size, or degree (mid 14th cent. reflexive, 1536 intransitive), to enhance (a person or group or people) in circumstances (second half of the 14th cent.), to add a charge to (a coat of arms) as a mark of honour (c1470), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin augmentare to increase, cause to grow (late 4th cent.), to add (in a translation) (4th or 5th cent. in Jerome) < classical Latin augmentum augment n. Compare slightly later augment n.Compare Catalan augmentar, Spanish aumentar, Italian aumentare (all 14th cent.), Portuguese aumentar (15th cent.).

a. transitive. To make greater in number, size, or degree; to add to, to supplement; to increase, enlarge, extend.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)]

echeOE

ekec1200

multiplya1275

morea1300

increase13..

vaunce1303

enlargec1380

augmenta1400

accrease1402

alargea1425

amply?a1425

great?1440

hainc1440

creasec1475

grow1481

amplea1500

to get upa1500

improve1509

ampliatea1513

auge1542

over1546

amplify1549

raise1583

grand1602

swell1602

magnoperate1610

greaten1613

accresce1626

aggrandize1638

majoratea1651

adauge1657

protend1659

reinforce1660

examplify1677

pluralize1750

to drive up1817

to whoop up1856

to jack up1884

upbuild1890

steepen1909

up1934

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 181 (MED) It is necessarie for to augmente norischinge of þe bodi wiþ good metis.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 116 (MED) Haue I nat eke awmentid & made more Þe Grekis lond with possessiouns?

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 148 How owre nauy mey be mayntened and augmented.

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Hiij^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens It behoueth asmoche to intende & augment the vertue of the said medycament, [etc.].

1587 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. Christian Relig. (rev. ed.) iv. xiv. f. 430 (margin) The power which sacraments haue in augmenting Faith.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 58 [The Tiber] is augmented with two and forty riuers.

c1645 W. Atkins Relation of Journey (1994) 229 Salt water, which both scorthched our intralls & augmented our thirst.

1681 J. Thorne Let. 18 Dec. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 225 The charge hath been ogmented in regard of an unhappy war.

1702 Duke of Marlborough Let. 17 Nov. in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 143 Seeing the great endeavours that are used in France to ogment their army with fourscore thousand men.

1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music §5. 66 The Chords of the Lyre were augmented gradually from four to forty.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 286 The insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces.

1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. xii. 243 This cause is not without its effect in somewhat augmenting the quantity of antarctic ice.

1917 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 568/1 By the use of the megaphone to augment the bugler's tones, the one instrument is sufficient for the entire camp.

1956 P. H. Johnson Last Resort xxvi. 162 The noise of the traffic augmented the usual noise of a hundred shouted conversations.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 15 May i. 26/5 Israeli detectives, he says, have 76,000 volunteers augmenting their numbers.

b. intransitive. To become greater in number, size, or degree; to increase, grow, intensify.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)]

forthwaxa900

wax971

growOE

risec1175

anhigh1340

upwax1340

creasec1380

increasec1380

accreasea1382

augmenta1400

greata1400

mountc1400

morec1425

upgrowc1430

to run up1447

swell?c1450

add1533

accresce1535

gross1548

to get (a) head1577

amount1583

bolla1586

accrue1586

improve1638

aggrandize1647

accumulate1757

raise1761

heighten1803

replenish1814

to turn up1974

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 96 (MED) Whanne þat þou seest þe wexynge of a cankre & his malice agmenten [?a1450 BL Add. augmenten], ceesse from þe verry cure.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 67 The bruyt of preu Iason augmentid and encresid from day to day.

1533 T. Paynell tr. U. von Hutten De Morbo Gallico xxiii. f. 60 The peyne and ache so augmenteth, and the foores so enlarge, that a man wolde thynke hym selfe in worse case durynge those days.

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D2^v The grasse hath his increase, yet neuer anie sees it augment.

1611 S. Veghelman tr. J. de L'Espine Three Godly Treat. ii. 259 Wee see in cholericke folkes, that the more they anger themselues the more their rage and choler doth augment.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 The Winds redouble, and the Rains augment .

1709 W. King Art of Love (new ed.) ix. 106 So Love augments in just Degrees; at length By nutrimental Fires it gains its Strength.

1789 A. Mackenzie Jrnl. 14 July (1970) 202 The Swell augmented & it was as much as two Men could do to bale out the Water.

1839 N.Z. Gaz. 21 Aug. 8/3 The society of runaway sailors and escaped convicts, which is daily augmenting in a frightful proportion.

1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §436 The polarizing angle augments with the refractive index of the medium.

1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life vii. 331 The steady intensity of the shower augmented as I went on.

1976 N.Y. Mag. 16 Aug. 36/1 Interest augments when we learn that one of the computers..is located in the basement of the same Watergate Office Building.

2010 Hudson Rev. 63 142 Their numbers began to augment as soon as Paris was selected as the seat of government.

†2. transitive. To increase or add to the wealth or material resources of; to enhance in circumstances. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1427 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 237 It is..my said lordes..entent..to encresce and augmente your said worship and estate.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 139 To augmente is reaume in riches, welth, and prosperite.

1529 T. Wolsey in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 11 Aggmentyng my lyvyng, and appoyntyng such thyngs as shuld be convenient for my furniture.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 13 Ethelwolde..did clerely renovate and augmentid this Abbay.

1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxxvi. sig. Y4^v Thou augmentest their state, purchasing a blessing vpon their house and life.

1685 J. Barclay tr. A. Skene Succinct Surv. Aberdeen ii, in Memorialls Royal-burghs Scotl. 219 Which Library hath been augmented in its books by severall Mortifiers.

1704 W. Kennett Case of Impropriations 52 The Bishop had..a Right to augment the Vicarage.

†a. intransitive. To rise in status or rank. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > famous or eminent person > be or become eminent [verb (intransitive)] > rise in fame or eminence

mounta1393

to get upc1450

augmenta1533

rocket1929

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xix. f. 33 With a lyttell fauour ye wylle exalte, augment [Fr. vous..augmentez], and growe in to great pride.

†b. transitive. To raise (a person) in status or rank; to exalt. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)]

heavec825

higheOE

brightenOE

clarifya1340

glorifya1340

enhancec1374

stellifyc1384

biga1400

exalt?a1400

raisea1400

shrinea1400

to bear up?a1425

enhighc1440

erect?a1475

assumec1503

amount1523

dignifya1530

to set up1535

extol1545

enthronize1547

augment1567

sublimate?1567

sublime1568

assumptc1571

begoda1576

royalize1589

suscitate1598

swell1601

consecrate1605

realize1611

reara1616

sphere1615

ingreata1620

superexalta1626

soara1627

ascend1628

rise1628

embroider1629

apotheose1632

grandize1640

engreaten1641

engrandizea1652

mount1651

intronificate1653

magnificent1656

superposit1661

grandify1665

heroify1677

apotheosize1695

enthrone1699

aggrandize1702

pantheonize1801

hoist1814

princify1847

queen1880

heroize1887

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (reflexive)]

augment1567

begoda1576

1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Biii^v Labour your selfe to aduaunce and augment.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 415 Which mutuall conceit and impression they had, they augmented themselves one to the other.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 28 Theobald..was augmented with the title of Legatus natus.

c. transitive. Heraldry. To add a charge to (a coat of arms) as a mark of honour. Cf. augmentation n. 9.In quot. 1619: to add (a charge) unto a coat of arms.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > place charge on [verb (transitive)] > make honourable addition to

augment1572

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 134^v (heading) A Rule or table declaring how coats of armes may be augmented, multiplied, deuided and parted.

1619 R. Brooke Catal. & Succession Kings 190 King Henry the 8. did also augment vnto his ancient Armes,..gold, two barres azure; a chiefe quarterly azur and gueulles.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 141 The Armes of London..were augmented with the addition of a Dagger.

1727 D. Scott Hist. Scotl. i. 6 Which Arms was afterwards carried by the succeeding Kings of Scotland, on all their Standards and Shields, without Alternation, until it was augmented by the French Arms.

1784 H. Clark Conc. Hist. Knighthood II. 60 St. Lewis augmented the badge with semé of Fleurs-de-lis, on a chief blue.

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xiii. 95 The Scottish Baronets..were authorized to augment their own arms.

1911 Burlington Mag. Jan. 235/2 The arms of Este of Ferrara, as augmented by Charles VII of France.

2013 B. Burt World Art ii. vii. 99 Other emblems may be added to ‘augment’ the arms as signs of distinctions earned, or displayed separately as ‘badges’.

†4. transitive. Mathematics. To multiply (a number or quantity). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > multiply

multiplya1400

leadc1430

to multiply into1542

augment?a1560

draw1660

multiply1709

multiplicate1947

times1962

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. vi. sig. M.iij I finde AB the one side of the square ABCD 10, whiche augmented by it selfe riseth 100 the Area of that square.

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 31 Augment the Sine of the Complement repeated, by the Sine of the doubtfull Arke: an the product arising thereof..shall be the distance, etc.

5. transitive. Music. To restate (a theme or phrase) with the time-values of the notes lengthened proportionally; to modify (a theme or phrase) using augmentation (see augmentation n. 8).

ΚΠ

1694 H. Purcell Playford's Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 12) 110 A fifth sort of Fugeing is called Per Augmentation; that is, if the Leading Part be Crotchets, Quavers, or any other Notes in length, the following Part is augmented, and made as long again as the Leading Part.

1838 Musical World 10 May 33 Having augmented the subject in every possible manner, Beethoven in the next movement diminishes it in a short canon.

1901 H. A. Clarke Counterpoint Strict & Free xvii. 83 In actual practice it is seldom that the whole theme is augmented; one or at most two measures are enough.

1999 Music Anal. 18 33 The theme is augmented on this occasion, so that the restatement takes exactly twice as long as the original.

2005 M. Verhaalen C. Guarnieri, Brazilian Composer xi. 229 A Grandeoso introduces the coda, in which the motive has been augmented into whole notes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	augment
释义	augmentn. Brit. /ˈɔːɡmənt/, U.S. /ˈɔɡmənt/, /ˈɑɡmənt/ Forms: late Middle English– augment, 1500s agment, 1500s augmente. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin augmentum. Etymology: < classical Latin augmentum process of increasing, increase, amount of increase, increment, in post-classical Latin also (in Greek grammar) prefixed vowel (a1536 in Erasmus) < augēre to increase (see auge v.) + -mentum -ment suffix. Compare slightly earlier augmentation n., augmenting n., augment v.Compare Middle French, French augment (mid 16th cent.), Catalan augment (late 14th cent.), Spanish aumento (c1300), Portuguese aumento (16th cent.), Italian aumento (early 14th cent.). 1. Increase in number, size, or degree; addition, enlargement, intensification. Also: an instance of any of these; an increase, an addition. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] waxingc1055 increasingc1340 increasec1374 echinga1382 creasing1398 augmentinga1400 alarginga1425 moringa1425 augmentc1425 incrementc1425 creasec1440 increasement1509 enlarginga1513 enlargement1564 amplification1569 accession1570 usury1576 enhancement1577 growth1587 creasement1592 accrease1598 crescence1602 improvement1607 excrement1608 majoration1626 heightening1629 auction1692 turgescence1806 outgrowth1837 steepening1868 prolating1919 upgrading1920 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1927 In augment of þi woo. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 82 in Shorter Poems (1967) 12 In the is rute and augment of curage. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 71 To seeke the augmente and correctione of Chawcers Woorkes. 1620 F. W. Paterson Protestants Theol. xxxi. 296 Wherefore doe the Papists so arrogantly teach, that a man properly may merite the augment, and increase of grace, in this lyfe. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 132 That though indeed there be an augment in some petrifications, yet that it is not so in all. 1710 J. Harris tr. I. Newton Introd. Quadrature Curves in Lexicon Technicum II. at Quadrature Fluxions are very nearly as the Augments of the Fluents, generated in equal, but infinitely small parts of Time. 1792 T. Taylor tr. Proclus Philos. & Math. Comm. (new ed.) I. ii. viii. 128 The augment of the first, how great soever it may be, shall always be less than the decrement of the second. 1800 J. Brand Determination Average Depression Price of Wheat in War 39 The mean annual augment of prices was 2.8d. 1875 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Feb. 200/2 Fever in the sense in which we have agreed to use the word, viz., as consisting in rapid augment of temperature. 1941 Classical Philol. 36 67 With authorized augment of 5 per cent and additional government tax of 2 per cent. 1961 N. Mailer Advert. for Myself 30 His head upside down, felt heavy and uncomfortable, the back carrying him was not broad—he felt an augment of his fear. 2004 L. D. Lacerda et al. in L. D. Lacerda et al. Environmental Geochem. Trop. & Subtrop. Environments xxi. 269 The increasing anthropogenic pressure upon these ecosystems may cause a rapid augment in the environmental toxicity of heavy metals. 2. Grammar. A prefixed vowel marking past tense forms of verbs, as found in some older Indo-European languages. Also: an affix used to mark verb forms with past time reference in any language.In ancient Greek, when the prefixed vowel remains separate, it is called the syllabic augment (see syllabic adj. 1b); when it forms, with a following vowel, a long vowel or diphthong, the temporal augment (see temporal adj.¹ 5a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix > specific un1650 augment1671 inflex1859 particule1889 preverb1906 1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Also in Grammar, Augment is an addition made in certain Tenses of Greek Verbs. 1716 Help Understanding Holy Script.: Bk. of Daniel 138 The Augment being promiscuously observ'd or neglected by Greek Authors. a1771 T. Gray Observ. Eng. Metre in Wks. (1814) II. 4 The y which we often see prefixed to participles passive, ycleped, yhewe, &c...is the old Anglo-Saxon augment. 1861 W. E. Jelf Gram. Greek Lang. (ed. 3) I. §171 The augment is employed in the indicative mood only of all the historic tenses. 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §585 The augment is a short a, prefixed to a tense stem..The augment is a sign of past time. 1939 Language 15 147 In general the augment of Sanskrit and Greek is a short vowel. 1980 Novum Testamentum 22 3 Why is it some authors such as Luke or Paul vary the spelling of the augment? 2004 D. Holton et al. Greek vi. 153 Verbs that have a prepositional prefix place the augment, if they have one, between the preposition and the verb stem. 3. Chiefly Surgery. An implant used to repair a defect or to increase the size of a part of the body. Also: an instance of surgical augmentation (see augmentation n. 12). ΚΠ 1982 J. R. de Wijn Porous Polymethylmethacrylate Cement vii. 112 Fixation of the augment to the bone, however, offers the usual problems and poor securing of the implant may lead to its migration or mobility. 2003 V. L. Blum Flesh Wounds iv. 103 That's not a good time to do it, when they're just going crazy and they've finally stopped crying after five days, and they come in and say, ‘I'm going to get an augment.’ 2013 J. W. Harkess & J. R. Crockarell in S. T. Canale & J. H. Beaty Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics (ed. 12) I. iii. 174/2 Augments of various sized are screwed into bony defects to support the acetabular component. Derivatives ˈaugmentless adj. Grammar (of a verb form) lacking an augment (sense 2). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > forming past tense in specific ways unaugmented1776 strong1833 weak1833 augmentless1879 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. §587 The accentuation of the augmentless forms. 1931 Classical Jrnl. 27 122 The augmentless verb forms of Homer might have left the impression that the old poet was hard put to it for a word to fit his meter. 2002 J. Heath Jewish & Muslim Dial. of Moroccan Arabic iv. 219 The augmentless type is basically Jebli. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). augmentv. Brit. /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/, U.S. /ɔɡˈmɛnt/, /ɑɡˈmɛnt/ Forms: Middle English aument, Middle English avgement, Middle English avment, Middle English awment, Middle English awmente, Middle English–1500s agment, Middle English–1500s augmente, Middle English– augment, 1500s aggment, 1500s awgment, 1500s awgmenthe, 1500s–1600s augement, 1600s–1700s ogment. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augmenter; Latin augmentare. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French augmenter, Middle French (rare) aumenter (French augmenter ) to make (something) greater in number, size, or degree (14th cent.), to become greater in number, size, or degree (mid 14th cent. reflexive, 1536 intransitive), to enhance (a person or group or people) in circumstances (second half of the 14th cent.), to add a charge to (a coat of arms) as a mark of honour (c1470), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin augmentare to increase, cause to grow (late 4th cent.), to add (in a translation) (4th or 5th cent. in Jerome) < classical Latin augmentum augment n. Compare slightly later augment n.Compare Catalan augmentar, Spanish aumentar, Italian aumentare (all 14th cent.), Portuguese aumentar (15th cent.). 1. a. transitive. To make greater in number, size, or degree; to add to, to supplement; to increase, enlarge, extend. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] echeOE ekec1200 multiplya1275 morea1300 increase13.. vaunce1303 enlargec1380 augmenta1400 accrease1402 alargea1425 amply?a1425 great?1440 hainc1440 creasec1475 grow1481 amplea1500 to get upa1500 improve1509 ampliatea1513 auge1542 over1546 amplify1549 raise1583 grand1602 swell1602 magnoperate1610 greaten1613 accresce1626 aggrandize1638 majoratea1651 adauge1657 protend1659 reinforce1660 examplify1677 pluralize1750 to drive up1817 to whoop up1856 to jack up1884 upbuild1890 steepen1909 up1934 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 181 (MED) It is necessarie for to augmente norischinge of þe bodi wiþ good metis. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 116 (MED) Haue I nat eke awmentid & made more Þe Grekis lond with possessiouns? a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 148 How owre nauy mey be mayntened and augmented. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Hiij^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens It behoueth asmoche to intende & augment the vertue of the said medycament, [etc.]. 1587 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. Christian Relig. (rev. ed.) iv. xiv. f. 430 (margin) The power which sacraments haue in augmenting Faith. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 58 [The Tiber] is augmented with two and forty riuers. c1645 W. Atkins Relation of Journey (1994) 229 Salt water, which both scorthched our intralls & augmented our thirst. 1681 J. Thorne Let. 18 Dec. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 225 The charge hath been ogmented in regard of an unhappy war. 1702 Duke of Marlborough Let. 17 Nov. in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 143 Seeing the great endeavours that are used in France to ogment their army with fourscore thousand men. 1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music §5. 66 The Chords of the Lyre were augmented gradually from four to forty. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 286 The insurgents were intent upon augmenting and strengthening their forces. 1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. xii. 243 This cause is not without its effect in somewhat augmenting the quantity of antarctic ice. 1917 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 568/1 By the use of the megaphone to augment the bugler's tones, the one instrument is sufficient for the entire camp. 1956 P. H. Johnson Last Resort xxvi. 162 The noise of the traffic augmented the usual noise of a hundred shouted conversations. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 15 May i. 26/5 Israeli detectives, he says, have 76,000 volunteers augmenting their numbers. b. intransitive. To become greater in number, size, or degree; to increase, grow, intensify. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] forthwaxa900 wax971 growOE risec1175 anhigh1340 upwax1340 creasec1380 increasec1380 accreasea1382 augmenta1400 greata1400 mountc1400 morec1425 upgrowc1430 to run up1447 swell?c1450 add1533 accresce1535 gross1548 to get (a) head1577 amount1583 bolla1586 accrue1586 improve1638 aggrandize1647 accumulate1757 raise1761 heighten1803 replenish1814 to turn up1974 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 96 (MED) Whanne þat þou seest þe wexynge of a cankre & his malice agmenten [?a1450 BL Add. augmenten], ceesse from þe verry cure. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 67 The bruyt of preu Iason augmentid and encresid from day to day. 1533 T. Paynell tr. U. von Hutten De Morbo Gallico xxiii. f. 60 The peyne and ache so augmenteth, and the foores so enlarge, that a man wolde thynke hym selfe in worse case durynge those days. 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D2^v The grasse hath his increase, yet neuer anie sees it augment. 1611 S. Veghelman tr. J. de L'Espine Three Godly Treat. ii. 259 Wee see in cholericke folkes, that the more they anger themselues the more their rage and choler doth augment. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 The Winds redouble, and the Rains augment . View more context for this quotation 1709 W. King Art of Love (new ed.) ix. 106 So Love augments in just Degrees; at length By nutrimental Fires it gains its Strength. 1789 A. Mackenzie Jrnl. 14 July (1970) 202 The Swell augmented & it was as much as two Men could do to bale out the Water. 1839 N.Z. Gaz. 21 Aug. 8/3 The society of runaway sailors and escaped convicts, which is daily augmenting in a frightful proportion. 1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §436 The polarizing angle augments with the refractive index of the medium. 1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life vii. 331 The steady intensity of the shower augmented as I went on. 1976 N.Y. Mag. 16 Aug. 36/1 Interest augments when we learn that one of the computers..is located in the basement of the same Watergate Office Building. 2010 Hudson Rev. 63 142 Their numbers began to augment as soon as Paris was selected as the seat of government. †2. transitive. To increase or add to the wealth or material resources of; to enhance in circumstances. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1427 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 237 It is..my said lordes..entent..to encresce and augmente your said worship and estate. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 139 To augmente is reaume in riches, welth, and prosperite. 1529 T. Wolsey in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 11 Aggmentyng my lyvyng, and appoyntyng such thyngs as shuld be convenient for my furniture. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 13 Ethelwolde..did clerely renovate and augmentid this Abbay. 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxxvi. sig. Y4^v Thou augmentest their state, purchasing a blessing vpon their house and life. 1685 J. Barclay tr. A. Skene Succinct Surv. Aberdeen ii, in Memorialls Royal-burghs Scotl. 219 Which Library hath been augmented in its books by severall Mortifiers. 1704 W. Kennett Case of Impropriations 52 The Bishop had..a Right to augment the Vicarage. 3. †a. intransitive. To rise in status or rank. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > famous or eminent person > be or become eminent [verb (intransitive)] > rise in fame or eminence mounta1393 to get upc1450 augmenta1533 rocket1929 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xix. f. 33 With a lyttell fauour ye wylle exalte, augment [Fr. vous..augmentez], and growe in to great pride. †b. transitive. To raise (a person) in status or rank; to exalt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)] heavec825 higheOE brightenOE clarifya1340 glorifya1340 enhancec1374 stellifyc1384 biga1400 exalt?a1400 raisea1400 shrinea1400 to bear up?a1425 enhighc1440 erect?a1475 assumec1503 amount1523 dignifya1530 to set up1535 extol1545 enthronize1547 augment1567 sublimate?1567 sublime1568 assumptc1571 begoda1576 royalize1589 suscitate1598 swell1601 consecrate1605 realize1611 reara1616 sphere1615 ingreata1620 superexalta1626 soara1627 ascend1628 rise1628 embroider1629 apotheose1632 grandize1640 engreaten1641 engrandizea1652 mount1651 intronificate1653 magnificent1656 superposit1661 grandify1665 heroify1677 apotheosize1695 enthrone1699 aggrandize1702 pantheonize1801 hoist1814 princify1847 queen1880 heroize1887 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (reflexive)] augment1567 begoda1576 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Biii^v Labour your selfe to aduaunce and augment. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 415 Which mutuall conceit and impression they had, they augmented themselves one to the other. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 28 Theobald..was augmented with the title of Legatus natus. c. transitive. Heraldry. To add a charge to (a coat of arms) as a mark of honour. Cf. augmentation n. 9.In quot. 1619: to add (a charge) unto a coat of arms. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > place charge on [verb (transitive)] > make honourable addition to augment1572 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 134^v (heading) A Rule or table declaring how coats of armes may be augmented, multiplied, deuided and parted. 1619 R. Brooke Catal. & Succession Kings 190 King Henry the 8. did also augment vnto his ancient Armes,..gold, two barres azure; a chiefe quarterly azur and gueulles. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 141 The Armes of London..were augmented with the addition of a Dagger. 1727 D. Scott Hist. Scotl. i. 6 Which Arms was afterwards carried by the succeeding Kings of Scotland, on all their Standards and Shields, without Alternation, until it was augmented by the French Arms. 1784 H. Clark Conc. Hist. Knighthood II. 60 St. Lewis augmented the badge with semé of Fleurs-de-lis, on a chief blue. 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) xiii. 95 The Scottish Baronets..were authorized to augment their own arms. 1911 Burlington Mag. Jan. 235/2 The arms of Este of Ferrara, as augmented by Charles VII of France. 2013 B. Burt World Art ii. vii. 99 Other emblems may be added to ‘augment’ the arms as signs of distinctions earned, or displayed separately as ‘badges’. †4. transitive. Mathematics. To multiply (a number or quantity). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > multiply multiplya1400 leadc1430 to multiply into1542 augment?a1560 draw1660 multiply1709 multiplicate1947 times1962 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. vi. sig. M.iij I finde AB the one side of the square ABCD 10, whiche augmented by it selfe riseth 100 the Area of that square. 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 31 Augment the Sine of the Complement repeated, by the Sine of the doubtfull Arke: an the product arising thereof..shall be the distance, etc. 5. transitive. Music. To restate (a theme or phrase) with the time-values of the notes lengthened proportionally; to modify (a theme or phrase) using augmentation (see augmentation n. 8). ΚΠ 1694 H. Purcell Playford's Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 12) 110 A fifth sort of Fugeing is called Per Augmentation; that is, if the Leading Part be Crotchets, Quavers, or any other Notes in length, the following Part is augmented, and made as long again as the Leading Part. 1838 Musical World 10 May 33 Having augmented the subject in every possible manner, Beethoven in the next movement diminishes it in a short canon. 1901 H. A. Clarke Counterpoint Strict & Free xvii. 83 In actual practice it is seldom that the whole theme is augmented; one or at most two measures are enough. 1999 Music Anal. 18 33 The theme is augmented on this occasion, so that the restatement takes exactly twice as long as the original. 2005 M. Verhaalen C. Guarnieri, Brazilian Composer xi. 229 A Grandeoso introduces the coda, in which the motive has been augmented into whole notes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1425v.a1400
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