| 释义 |
augern.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch navegher , naveghere , (in late sources, with metanalysis) avegaer , effengyer , (with elision of the medial syllable) egger (Dutch avegaar , †eveger , (now regional) egger ), Old Saxon nabugēr , navugēr (Middle Low German neveger , neviger ), Old High German nabagēr , napugēr , nabigēr , (with metathesis) nageber (Middle High German nabegēr , nabigēr , (with metathesis) nageber , nagber , German (now regional, chiefly central and southern) Näber , Neber , Naber , etc.), Old Icelandic nafarr , Old Swedish navar (Swedish navare ), Old Danish nauer (Danish naver ) < the Germanic base of nave n.1 + the Germanic base of gare n.1The Germanic compound appears originally to have denoted a pointed implement used to drill a hole in the nave of a wheel. It was borrowed into Finnish as a compound at an early date; compare Finnish napakaira (16th cent. or earlier; the exact time of borrowing is difficult to establish). The medial consonant of the first element was a voiced fricative (originally bilabial, later labiodental) already in early Old English (spelt b , and later f ; compare e.g. nabogar, nafogar at α. forms). After syncope of the medial syllable of the compound in Middle English, the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ was vocalized (to u ) before the velar plosive (compare e.g. hawk n.1). The β. forms show metanalysis (see N n.). In the Scots form aeger apparently reborrowed from or remodelled after Dutch egger. In sense 3 probably after the scientific Latin use as specific name of a mollusc (1758) of post-classical Latin terebra borer (see terebra n.). society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > auger or gimlet eOE (1974) 53 Terrebellus, nafogar. OE (2011) 46 Terebrum, nauegar. OE Ælfric 1st Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr. 190) in B. Fehr (1914) 128 Se trywwyrhta eac [him begyt] æhxe and nafegar and ealle þa tol, þe to trywe gebyriað. a1325 (Arun.) (1857) 170 Terere, wymble (nauger). 1371–2 in R. R. Sharpe (1890) II. 144 Bylte..chipax..Twyble..augour..squire..sawe. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 616/7 Terebrum, an augur, or a persour. a1500 (c1400) (Adv.) (1985) 106 Summe hade sycules knyuus & saws, Summe had twybyll brodax & nawgeres. 1523 J. Fitzherbert xxv. f. xliiiv To boore an hole with an nauger. 1556 Inventory in G. R. French (1869) 472 One axe, a bill, iiij nagares. 1591 (?a1425) Annunciation & Nativity (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill (1974) I. 112 With this axe that I beare, this perces and this naugere [1592 BL Add. nagere, 1604 Bodl. maugere]. 1611 R. Cotgrave Villette, a little Turrell, or Coopers oagar. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. vi. 91 Your Franchises..confin'd Into an Augors boare. View more context for this quotation 1678 J. Moxon I. v. 91 The Augre..hath a Handle, b the Bit. Its Office is to make great round holes. 1706 (new ed.) Terrier..a sort of Awger to bore with. 1823 P. Nicholson 235 The Auger is the largest of all tools which are used for boring wood. 1848 T. De Quincey IX. 282 To bore with an augre in a ship's bottom. 1881 F. Young §265 99 The auger..is a gimlet on a large scale. 1937 16 Aug. 2/2 An auger was used in boring holes large enough to allow one of the intruders to reach through and free the lock on the inside. 1987 D. C. McIntosh (2005) 233/2 Start it with a twist drill, just enough to center the barefoot auger. 2002 A. Corriveau i. 15 This was accomplished by boring holes through adjoining timbers with a cross-handled auger. 2008 R. L. Smith 66 A hole could be bored with a logging auger. the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > apparatus society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > for boring in the ground 1532 in (1965) V. 447 (modernized text) A ground auger made with a socket bit steeled. 1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 29 in A piercing Augur to search into the bowels of the earth. 1643 E. Wood in W. Prynne & C. Walker (1644) App. 11 Below that a firme strong Rocke, and that he had searched purposely with an Awgor. 1670 A. Martindale Let. 26 Nov. in H. Oldenburg (1970) VII. 290 The rocke of salt..is betweene 33 & 34 yards distant from the surface of the earth... But I feare it will be severall moneths before I can accommodate you with a parcell of it, that which the augar brought up being long since disposed of, so as not to be recovered. 1764 II. 377 The auger brought up marle..some of it mixed with blue veins (which I will here call pigeon marle). 1784 E. Darwin in (Royal Soc.) 75 2 Till some sand was brought by the auger. 1802 J. Mawe Gloss. Noger, or Jumper. 1860 J. Tyndall ii. xi. 290 I pierced the ice with the auger, drove in the stake, and descended. 1879 J. Wrightson in I. 175 The auger or boring apparatus..looked upon..as saving excavation. 1948 June 3 (advt.) In this vast program of rural telephone expansion, Western Electric is..supplying poles, crossarms, insulators, power-driven pole hole augers and many other tools the construction crews need to do their jobs quickly and well. 1989 Jan. 69/1 (caption) Ice observer, Larry Solar..measures the thickness of his favourite substance with an auger. Solar's job is to chart the icefields throughout the Arctic. 2008 R. D. Albright p, xxi We had a 20-foot long auger, blown out of a monitoring well hole when it struck an explosive or ordnance item. 3. 1777 T. Pennant (ed. 4, quarto) IV. Systematic index plates sig. c 113. Auger Wr[eath]. 1838 T. Wyatt 138 T. terebra. The auger Turritella. 1867 J. G. Jeffreys IV. 83 The ‘Auger’ of Pennant. It sometimes attains the length of 3 inches. 1974 A. Major v. 144 Auger, Screw-Shell, Tower Shell (Turritella communis). 1799 E. Donovan I. Pl. XXII Turbo Terebra. Auger shell. 1861 P. P. Carpenter 60 The Screws are to the vegetarian section of Comb-gilled Crawlers, what the Augers are to the boring tribe. 1863 J. G. Wood (new ed.) III. 380 The Spotted Needle-shell, or Spotted Auger, derives its name from the long and sharply pointed form of the shell. 1982 L. de Leiris 13 (caption) Subulate Auger (Terebra subulata). 2015 J. Heller viii. 197 The auger dwells in the sand and feeds on worms which it stuns with its venom gland. 4. A rotating helical screw, forming part of a machine or mechanical arrangement and used to move material. society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > screw society > occupation and work > equipment > brick-making equipment > [noun] > for mixing clay 1880 1/1 My invention accordingly consists, first, in the provision of a horizontal conveying or auger tube having a centrally-supported shaft, upon which is spirally secured a series of radially arranged spurs or blades, forming conveyers for moving the flour forward to the auger. 1899 5 104 The auger conveyor which carries the sifted material across to the warehouse. 1954 R. H. Cochrane (ed. 2) 56 Larger machines may have the cutter bar offset to the right, the crop being carried to the left as on a binder platform. It may be conveyed by canvas or auger. 1960 8 Mar. 42/2 Regulated auger feed from food hoppers to mangers. 1980 W. Valgardson xii. 137 My hair got caught in the grain auger. It scalped me right here. 2000 Sept. 98/2 With the truck in position, I switch on a flashlight, start the auger motor and raise the truck's endgate. A curtain of dusty grain pours from the truck to the auger. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > other specific parts 1886 116 The lower auger carries it forward through the dies. 1911 1 Jan. 11/2 Another conveyor takes the clay to the auger brick machine, where it is compressed into a rectangular column. 1934 Auger,..a large spiral bit used to mix a material and force it through a die, as in a brick or a sausage machine. 2011 R. Farr 17/1 If you let the auger gently ‘grab’ the meat and move it toward the blade, you will get nice, clean cuts without overly compressing the meat. society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > other tools and equipment 1897 1 May 42/1 The auger may be used successfully in places to which the force pump is not adapted. 1946 28 Apr. ii. 3 (advt.) Clogged Drain? Auger goes into drain. 1973 Feb. 156/2 Every home needs four common plumbing aids—force cup.., large-jaw wrench, sink-drain auger and toilet auger. 2006 R. Peters iii. 54 A closet auger is a special type of snake or auger..designed for use only on toilets. Compounds1670 J. Evelyn (ed. 2) xxx. 176 When you desire to inlarge the hole, change your Auger Bits as the Figure represents them. 1747 W. Hooson sig. C3v First make a Place or Stope in the Stone with a Pick, to set the Noger Point in. 1889 17 May 566/1 When the chisel and auger are brought up to the face of the work, the auger point travelling somewhat in advance of the chisel, drills a circular hole. 1914 E. C. Eckel x. 119 Auger drilling, in which an auger, screwed to the end of a series of lengths of bar or pipe, is rotated by hand. 1953 A. 216 86 The alternative is to be guided by auger sampling for the location of significant boundaries. 1998 N. Baker 25 Once upon a time there was a bulldozer, pulling a trailer filled with all kinds of choo-choos, digger-trucks, and auger drillers. 2005 May 81/1 Auger bits designed for use in a power drill are a better option if you want a more accurate deep hole. C2. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > auger or gimlet > hole drilled by 1585 C. Clifford f. 57 If the horse pisse either behind or before,..al the wet may passe into the foresaid gutter by meanes of awger holes, which should be made in the plancke for that purpose. 1601 A. Dent 389 To creep into an augar hole to hide their heads. 1679 J. Moxon I. ix. 160 Should the Augure-hole be too wide, the Shank would be loose in it. 1814 M. Edgeworth I. ii. 63 I could have squeezed myself into an auger-hole once, when you blundered. 1856 E. K. Kane I. xi. 117 It was a wooden structure, latticed and pierced with auger-holes. 1920 10 Dec. 11 [Matai beer] was made from the sap of the matai tree, extracted by the simple process of boring an auger-hole in the trunk. 2011 39 161 We also excavated an auger hole about 5 m from our excavated unit and located a few shellfish from roughly 100 cm below the surface. 1799 E. Donovan I. Pl. XXII Turbo Terebra. Auger shell. 1877 H. A. Nicholson (1878) xviii. 293 Numerous species of..Trumpet-shells (Triton), Auger-shells (Terebra), and Fig-shells (Pyrula). 1950 R. W. Miner 659 Terebra dislocata Say... The Little Auger Shell. This small and slender species is grayish or brownish in color marked with yellowish brown. 2002 M. E. Johnson ii. 23 A surprisingly high-spired auger shell (Turritella gonostoma). 2011 W. Call iii. 63 ‘Open your hand,’ she said, reaching over and dropping several wave-polished auger shells into my palm. 1843 2/2 The combination of the perforated and cogged plate R with the grooved auger stem or shaft L. 1865 G. W. Gesner (ed. 2) ii. 28 The downward stroke of the walking-beam releases the Auger Stem and Bit for an instant. 1880 J. F. Carll III. xxviii. 300 On the down stroke the auger-stem falls 20 inches, while the sinker-bar goes down 24 inches. 1929 H. E. Babbitt & J. J. Doland vii. 160 The only tools on the string in spudding are usually the auger stem and the spudding drill. 2003 51 54 A bit or cutting tool in the form of a chisel screwed to an auger stem was connected to jars or slips. 1615 H. Crooke 762 The first paire are called Styloglossi or the Auger-tongue Muscles. 1758 W. Borlase in (Royal Soc.) 50 52 Both [submerged trees] pierced with the teredo, or augur-worm. 1795 E. Donovan IV. 16 In most parts of England they are called Auger Worms; the holes which they make in the timber [of willow trees] appearing as if bored with Instrument. 1829 J. L. Knapp 287 These ‘augerworms’ are the primary cause of the decay of the tree. 1859 22 May 212/2 We suppose that the auger-worm is another and bigger insect than the teredo navalis, and is called ‘auger’, to signify that it bears to the teredo the relation of an auger to a gimlet, and thus constitutes a greater bore. 1957 L. Schwartz et al. (ed. 3) 683 It [sc. the goat moth] ejects an irritating greenish sputum with a pungent odor. Its larva bores into trees and is known as the ‘auger worm’. 1988 L. N. Santhakumaran in S. R. Rao lii. 124/1 Here is a group of marine organisms dreaded by early navigators and..they are known by different common names (pile-worms, shipworms, or auger-worms to the English; tarets to the French; zeeworms to the Dutch). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). augern.2 Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: algere n. Etymology: Variant of algere n., with vocalization of l . Compare elger n. Now rare (chiefly English regional ( Lincolnshire and Yorkshire) in later use). the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > spear > [noun] > for eels a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 17v Contus, an awgar [a1500 Canterbury an algere, a shaft, a dartt, a polloure]. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. (rev. ed.) iv. xiii. 508 The augure..a sharpe instrument of yron made thinne with many sharpe teeth, and so striken into holes or muddie banks, where they will many times catch a verie great aboundance of Eeles. 1877 E. Peacock 9/1 Auger, a three-pronged instrument, with serrated edges and a long shaft for spearing eels. 1906 26 May 465/3 He [sc. a fisherman] plies his ‘auger’ with varying results. 1958 44 228 The auger..was an instrument [for catching eels] made something like a spade. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Augern.3Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Auger. Etymology: < the name of Pierre Victor Auger (1899–1993) French physicist, who described the effect in 1925 ( Jrnl. de physique 6 205 et seqq.). Physics. 1. the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [noun] > transition effect 1928 4 May 469/1 The softer of the X-rays must lead to the Auger effect. 1987 146 319 In a simple picture, the Auger effect may be regarded as electron transitions between atomic orbitals. 2007 M. Cini iii. 48 The Auger effect is caused by the Coulomb interaction: two electrons of the system collide and while one fills up the primary hole, the other is shot out as the Auger electron. the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [noun] > transition effect > electron ejected in 1935 A. 148 272 The ratio of the number of Auger electrons ejected per unit time from a group of atoms to the number ionized per unit time by some external agency may be referred to as the internal conversion coefficient. 1949 M. G. E. Cosyns et al. in 62 803 The criterion..is that slow electrons should be admitted as Auger electrons only if the beginning of the track can be certainly identified within 1 micron of the end of the meson. 2001 R. W. Cahn x. 408 The other key technique which is now used in conjunction with LEED [= low-energy electron diffraction] is Auger electron spectrometry: here an ionising primary beam unleashes a cascade of electron energy transitions until an ‘Auger electron’ with an energy that constitutes a finger print of the element emitting it is released into the vacuum. 1931 H. S. Taylor (ed. 2) II. xviii. 1476 The process..would be analogous to that already known to occur in ionized atoms, the Auger process. In this process, a radiationless transfer of an electron from an outer to an inner shell occurs. 1972 62/1 (caption) Energy diagram showing..the energy changes experienced by electrons as they undergo paired Auger transitions in the surface atoms of a solid. 1995 13 May 8/2 The objects producing cosmic rays may well be dark, so the Auger detector may be the only way to find them. 2007 (U.K. ed.) Feb. 50/3 Silicon undergoes more Auger recombination than does gallium arsenide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). augerv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: auger n.1 1. 1851 G. D. Dempsey ii. 8 The spikes for securing them to the piles are to be 3/4 inch diameter, formed with strong rose heads, the ends properly pointed and fitted for driving into the piles, after the holes have been augered. 1955 G. Grigson (1996) 273 A hole was augered in the trunk. 2009 13 Mar. 18/3 That could be a significant amount, based on last year's derby when 100 holes were augered in the ice of Lake Winnipeg. 1861 6 Apr. 43/2 I could not stir without finding a sallow eye augering into me. 1913 30 Sept. 373/1 The cross bolt holes were augered through the old holes in the solid remaining portion of the block. 1972 59 76 The anchor was installed by first augering through the embankment fill and into the medium clay. 1993 Feb. 16/1 As I felt myself pitching forward in slow motion, I realized that the two very full packs strapped to my back..would ensure that I augered in deep. The 45 cm of fresh snow over the last few days ensured a soft landing. 2013 D. O. Rosenberry & M. Hayashi in J. T. Anderson & C. A. Davis I. iii. 209 Keep augering through this sediment with strong downward force on the auger handle. 1912 22 Dec. 15/2 From the cavity behind the cylinder the grain is augered to one end of the machine. 1960 5 Jan. 74/3 Oats are shovelled or augered into the feed mixer until a flashing light indicates the feed mixing drum is full. 1991 Oct. 38/3 Kasler hung an attachment from the rear of the machine that augers concrete out to the mold attachment sides—behind the paver's tracks—and screeds it. 2003 4 May 75/3 They may need to buy grain in bulk so a truck can drive up and auger it into the pen, much like on a large farm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.1eOE n.2a1425n.31928v.1851 |
