lingulan.

Brit.

/ˈlɪŋɡjᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈlɪŋɡjələ/

Inflections: Plural lingulae, lingulas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lingula.

Etymology: < classical Latin lingula tongue-shaped projection or flap, in post-classical Latin also epiglottis (1562 or earlier), strip of land (early 18th cent. or earlier in British sources) < lingua tongue (see lingua n.) + -ula -ula suffix. Compare ligula n.In sense 1b after scientific Latin lingula subdivision of the vermis of the cerebellum (1822 or earlier), process of the sphenoid bone (1836 or earlier), part of the left lung (1843 or earlier). In sense 4 after scientific Latin Lingula, genus name ( J. G. Bruguière Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature xix. Pl. 250 (1797)); compare French lingule (1791 in this sense; 1843 or earlier denoting a part of the left lung).

1. Anatomy.

†a. The glottis or the epiglottis. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > throat > glottis

wind-holec1400

glottis1578

lingula1615

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια viii. xxxvi. 641 Because the glottis is also cal'd Lingula, we haue rather called it [sc. the Epiglottis] the Aftertong.

1689 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies i. 368/1 This [sc. the Epiglottis] is softer than the rest of the Muscles; resembling an Ivy-Leaf, or the Tongue it self, and therefore is call'd Lingula.

1707 J. Drake Anthropologia Nova II. ii. vi. 380 At the Juncture of these two on the upper part of the Larynx, is a Chink bearing the Form of a little Tongue, and therefore call'd Glottis or Lingula.

b. Any of several small tongue-shaped structures; spec. (a) a protuberance of the sphenoid bone or of the mandible; (b) a subdivision of the vermis of the cerebellum; (c) a part of the left lung projecting downward from the upper lobe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [noun] > pointed projection

tongue1398

jag1578

mucro1646

spur1681

rostruma1728

spicula1753

spikelet1851

lingula1856

mucronation1862

cusp1879

mucronule1890

1856 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1854–5 7 392 Nereis mendax... In the posterior pinnæ the superior lingula loses its cirrus, and expands into a broad lamella.

1863 Med. Times & Gaz. 4 July 3/2 (note) The lingula is therefore similar to an anterior or inferior transverse process.

1885 Athenæum 13 June 764/1 He attempted to show..that the human lingulæ are homologous with the sphenotic of the bird.

1889 Keating's Cycl. Dis. Children II. 626 It is apt to be symmetrical in its distribution, and affects chiefly the posterior margins of both lower lobes, the lower margin of the middle lobe of the right lung, and often the lingula.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 572 Other transverse fissures appear in rapid succession until the vermis becomes cut up into the following parts..: lingula, lobulus centralis, culmen, declive, pyramid, uvula, and nodule.

1989 Kiva 54 235 The mandibular symmetry can be demonstrated by measuring one chord from the mental symphysis to the left lingula and another chord from the same point on the symphysis to the right lingula.

2001 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 71 1114 /2 The lingula is our preferred site for biopsy in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease.

2. A small tongue-shaped object or part; (in later use) spec. (historical) a strip of leather covering the instep in ancient Greek and Roman shoes (cf. tongue n. 14f).

ΚΠ

1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xvi. 76 They..make the Incision with a Chisel in the Body very neatly, in which they stick a Leaf of the Tree, as a lingula to direct it into the appendent Vessel.

a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 298 The ingenious Mr. Hook put this Scheme of Musick into Clockwork, and made Wheels, with small Lingulæ in the Manner of Cogs.

1745 J. Parsons Microsc. Theatre Seeds 182 A Hole at the Extremity resembling the Umbilicus of some Seeds..in which there appears a little Lingula or Tongue, nearly as high as the Edge of the Hole.

1871 Jrnl. Brit. Archaeol. Assoc. Sept. 380 An elegant bronze lingula.

1948 R. T. Wilcox Mode in Footwear iii. 18 The feature of the krepis was the lingula or ligula, a tongue over the instep with slits through which the straps passed.

1997 C. Yue & D. Yue Shoes 20 On the shoes of rich or important people..the lingula was often elaborately decorated.

3. A small promontory, projection, or tongue of land or rock. Cf. tongue n. 13a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun]

starteOE

nessOE

snookc1236

head1315

bill1382

foreland?a1400

capec1405

nook?a1425

mull1429

headland?c1475

point?c1475

nese1497

peak1548

promontory1548

arma1552

reach1562

butt1598

promontorea1600

horn1601

naze1605

promonta1607

bay1611

abutment1613

promontorium1621

noup1701

lingula1753

scaw1821

tang1822

odd1869

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 218 The common characteristic of Agricola's station agrees with Kinderton; it being on a Lingula, which Congleton is not.

1804 J. Whitaker Anc. Cathedral Cornwall Historically Surveyed II. vi. 198 The parish of Ruan Minor is merely a narrow lingula of land, between St. Grade's tenements on the opposing sides of St. Kevern and of Ruan Major parishes.

1865 C. T. Newton Trav. & Discov. Levant I. 286 From the quarry the district of Damos extends downwards towards Linaria, forming a sort of lingula of rock jutting out into the plain.

1900 Trans. Lancs. & Cheshire Antiquarian Soc. 18 135 It..is well-defined, situated..on a lingula between two streams.

4. Zoology and Palaeontology. A brachiopod of the genus Lingula or class Lingulata; the shell of this, typically having a rounded oblong shape. Also (in form Lingula): the genus itself; cf. lingulate adj. 2.From the close similarity of fossils and recent shells, Lingula has often been termed a ‘living fossil’, but examples from the Cambrian period are no longer placed in this particular genus (which is now regarded as originating in the Ordovician or even the Cretaceous period).

ΚΠ

1809 W. Nicholson Brit. Encycl. VI. at Shell Lingula, a long flat shell, formed of two valves.

1834 Lancet 20 Sept. 984/2 They [sc. salivary glands] are almost entirely deficient in the toothless acephalous mollusca, but are found of a simple form in the brachiopodous conchifera, as the lingula and terebratula.

1859 J. Hall Palæontol. N.Y. III. 158 The lingulæ are common fossils, occurring often in fragments, and not unfrequently in the centre of phosphatic nodules which have all the external aspect of coprolites.

1912 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 51 519 The productids achieved noteworthy size in the later Devonian coarse sandstones, where they are associated often with heavy-shelled Lingula.

1977 Paleobiology 3 120/2 Living fossils represent the flip side of arguments from adaptive radiation—morphological change is slow because lingulae and their allies have never been diverse.

2005 P. D. Taylor & D. N. Lewis Fossil Invertebr. iii. 118/1 Unlike other brachiopods, Lingula lives in vertical burrows excavated into fine sands in brackish or intertidal environments.

Compounds

C1. attributive (in sense 4) designating geological deposits characterized by abundant fossils of Lingula or other lingulate brachiopods, as Lingula bed, Lingula grit, Lingula slate.

ΚΠ

1847 A. Sedgwick in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 3 i. 144 The beds of Moel Wyn and Cynicht..are above the Lingula beds of Festiniog.

1852 D. D. Owen Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, Iowa & Minnesota 50 The geologists of our own country had set down the Lingula beds of the New York Potsdam Sandstone as the oldest fossiliferous rocks in the United States.

1863 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 19 274 I had landed..in a parallel creek a mile to the westward, at the junction of the red and purple Cambrian grits with the Lingula-slates.

1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 573 The rock is Ordovician shale overlying Lingula grits.

2002 Jrnl. Crustacean Biol. 22 939/1 The specimens..are preserved in yellow-gray, massive, bioturbated siltstone, which is the basal unit of a fining-upward sequence that terminates in a Lingula bed.

C2.

Lingula flag n. Geology each of a series of Cambrian deposits, mainly micaceous flagstones and slates (originally in North Wales), containing abundant fossils of lingulate brachiopods; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1847 A. Sedgwick in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 3 i. 144 If we examine the Merioneth coast between Maentwrog and Barmouth, we first meet with the Lingula flags and afterwards a series of superior beds.

1893 H. Woods Elem. Palæontol. 34 Menevian Beds and Lingula Flags.

1904 H. B. Woodward Stanford's Geol. Atlas Great Brit. 86 A great expanse of Cambrian rocks stretches from the neighbourhood of Festiniog, where the slates of the Lingula flags are extensively quarried.

2006 P. J. Brenchley & P. F. Rawson Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) iii. 37/2 ‘Lingula Flags’. This name, originally used for the Maentwrog and Ffestiniog formations of North Wales, has been used for a thick comparable sequence of alternating sandstone and silty mudstone beds in South Wales.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lingula
释义	lingulan. Brit. /ˈlɪŋɡjᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈlɪŋɡjələ/ Inflections: Plural lingulae, lingulas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lingula. Etymology: < classical Latin lingula tongue-shaped projection or flap, in post-classical Latin also epiglottis (1562 or earlier), strip of land (early 18th cent. or earlier in British sources) < lingua tongue (see lingua n.) + -ula -ula suffix. Compare ligula n.In sense 1b after scientific Latin lingula subdivision of the vermis of the cerebellum (1822 or earlier), process of the sphenoid bone (1836 or earlier), part of the left lung (1843 or earlier). In sense 4 after scientific Latin Lingula, genus name ( J. G. Bruguière Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature xix. Pl. 250 (1797)); compare French lingule (1791 in this sense; 1843 or earlier denoting a part of the left lung). 1. Anatomy. †a. The glottis or the epiglottis. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > throat > glottis wind-holec1400 glottis1578 lingula1615 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια viii. xxxvi. 641 Because the glottis is also cal'd Lingula, we haue rather called it [sc. the Epiglottis] the Aftertong. 1689 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies i. 368/1 This [sc. the Epiglottis] is softer than the rest of the Muscles; resembling an Ivy-Leaf, or the Tongue it self, and therefore is call'd Lingula. 1707 J. Drake Anthropologia Nova II. ii. vi. 380 At the Juncture of these two on the upper part of the Larynx, is a Chink bearing the Form of a little Tongue, and therefore call'd Glottis or Lingula. b. Any of several small tongue-shaped structures; spec. (a) a protuberance of the sphenoid bone or of the mandible; (b) a subdivision of the vermis of the cerebellum; (c) a part of the left lung projecting downward from the upper lobe. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [noun] > pointed projection tongue1398 jag1578 mucro1646 spur1681 rostruma1728 spicula1753 spikelet1851 lingula1856 mucronation1862 cusp1879 mucronule1890 1856 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1854–5 7 392 Nereis mendax... In the posterior pinnæ the superior lingula loses its cirrus, and expands into a broad lamella. 1863 Med. Times & Gaz. 4 July 3/2 (note) The lingula is therefore similar to an anterior or inferior transverse process. 1885 Athenæum 13 June 764/1 He attempted to show..that the human lingulæ are homologous with the sphenotic of the bird. 1889 Keating's Cycl. Dis. Children II. 626 It is apt to be symmetrical in its distribution, and affects chiefly the posterior margins of both lower lobes, the lower margin of the middle lobe of the right lung, and often the lingula. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 572 Other transverse fissures appear in rapid succession until the vermis becomes cut up into the following parts..: lingula, lobulus centralis, culmen, declive, pyramid, uvula, and nodule. 1989 Kiva 54 235 The mandibular symmetry can be demonstrated by measuring one chord from the mental symphysis to the left lingula and another chord from the same point on the symphysis to the right lingula. 2001 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 71 1114 /2 The lingula is our preferred site for biopsy in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. 2. A small tongue-shaped object or part; (in later use) spec. (historical) a strip of leather covering the instep in ancient Greek and Roman shoes (cf. tongue n. 14f). ΚΠ 1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xvi. 76 They..make the Incision with a Chisel in the Body very neatly, in which they stick a Leaf of the Tree, as a lingula to direct it into the appendent Vessel. a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 298 The ingenious Mr. Hook put this Scheme of Musick into Clockwork, and made Wheels, with small Lingulæ in the Manner of Cogs. 1745 J. Parsons Microsc. Theatre Seeds 182 A Hole at the Extremity resembling the Umbilicus of some Seeds..in which there appears a little Lingula or Tongue, nearly as high as the Edge of the Hole. 1871 Jrnl. Brit. Archaeol. Assoc. Sept. 380 An elegant bronze lingula. 1948 R. T. Wilcox Mode in Footwear iii. 18 The feature of the krepis was the lingula or ligula, a tongue over the instep with slits through which the straps passed. 1997 C. Yue & D. Yue Shoes 20 On the shoes of rich or important people..the lingula was often elaborately decorated. 3. A small promontory, projection, or tongue of land or rock. Cf. tongue n. 13a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun] starteOE nessOE snookc1236 head1315 bill1382 foreland?a1400 capec1405 nook?a1425 mull1429 headland?c1475 point?c1475 nese1497 peak1548 promontory1548 arma1552 reach1562 butt1598 promontorea1600 horn1601 naze1605 promonta1607 bay1611 abutment1613 promontorium1621 noup1701 lingula1753 scaw1821 tang1822 odd1869 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 218 The common characteristic of Agricola's station agrees with Kinderton; it being on a Lingula, which Congleton is not. 1804 J. Whitaker Anc. Cathedral Cornwall Historically Surveyed II. vi. 198 The parish of Ruan Minor is merely a narrow lingula of land, between St. Grade's tenements on the opposing sides of St. Kevern and of Ruan Major parishes. 1865 C. T. Newton Trav. & Discov. Levant I. 286 From the quarry the district of Damos extends downwards towards Linaria, forming a sort of lingula of rock jutting out into the plain. 1900 Trans. Lancs. & Cheshire Antiquarian Soc. 18 135 It..is well-defined, situated..on a lingula between two streams. 4. Zoology and Palaeontology. A brachiopod of the genus Lingula or class Lingulata; the shell of this, typically having a rounded oblong shape. Also (in form Lingula): the genus itself; cf. lingulate adj. 2.From the close similarity of fossils and recent shells, Lingula has often been termed a ‘living fossil’, but examples from the Cambrian period are no longer placed in this particular genus (which is now regarded as originating in the Ordovician or even the Cretaceous period). ΚΠ 1809 W. Nicholson Brit. Encycl. VI. at Shell Lingula, a long flat shell, formed of two valves. 1834 Lancet 20 Sept. 984/2 They [sc. salivary glands] are almost entirely deficient in the toothless acephalous mollusca, but are found of a simple form in the brachiopodous conchifera, as the lingula and terebratula. 1859 J. Hall Palæontol. N.Y. III. 158 The lingulæ are common fossils, occurring often in fragments, and not unfrequently in the centre of phosphatic nodules which have all the external aspect of coprolites. 1912 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 51 519 The productids achieved noteworthy size in the later Devonian coarse sandstones, where they are associated often with heavy-shelled Lingula. 1977 Paleobiology 3 120/2 Living fossils represent the flip side of arguments from adaptive radiation—morphological change is slow because lingulae and their allies have never been diverse. 2005 P. D. Taylor & D. N. Lewis Fossil Invertebr. iii. 118/1 Unlike other brachiopods, Lingula lives in vertical burrows excavated into fine sands in brackish or intertidal environments. Compounds C1. attributive (in sense 4) designating geological deposits characterized by abundant fossils of Lingula or other lingulate brachiopods, as Lingula bed, Lingula grit, Lingula slate. ΚΠ 1847 A. Sedgwick in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 3 i. 144 The beds of Moel Wyn and Cynicht..are above the Lingula beds of Festiniog. 1852 D. D. Owen Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, Iowa & Minnesota 50 The geologists of our own country had set down the Lingula beds of the New York Potsdam Sandstone as the oldest fossiliferous rocks in the United States. 1863 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 19 274 I had landed..in a parallel creek a mile to the westward, at the junction of the red and purple Cambrian grits with the Lingula-slates. 1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 573 The rock is Ordovician shale overlying Lingula grits. 2002 Jrnl. Crustacean Biol. 22 939/1 The specimens..are preserved in yellow-gray, massive, bioturbated siltstone, which is the basal unit of a fining-upward sequence that terminates in a Lingula bed. C2. Lingula flag n. Geology each of a series of Cambrian deposits, mainly micaceous flagstones and slates (originally in North Wales), containing abundant fossils of lingulate brachiopods; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1847 A. Sedgwick in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 3 i. 144 If we examine the Merioneth coast between Maentwrog and Barmouth, we first meet with the Lingula flags and afterwards a series of superior beds. 1893 H. Woods Elem. Palæontol. 34 Menevian Beds and Lingula Flags. 1904 H. B. Woodward Stanford's Geol. Atlas Great Brit. 86 A great expanse of Cambrian rocks stretches from the neighbourhood of Festiniog, where the slates of the Lingula flags are extensively quarried. 2006 P. J. Brenchley & P. F. Rawson Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) iii. 37/2 ‘Lingula Flags’. This name, originally used for the Maentwrog and Ffestiniog formations of North Wales, has been used for a thick comparable sequence of alternating sandstone and silty mudstone beds in South Wales. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1615
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