| 释义 |
likelihoodn. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: likely adj., -hood suffix. Etymology: < likely adj. + -hood suffix. Compare likelihead n. and likeliness n. 1. the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [noun] the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [noun] > instance(s) of 1427 in H. Nicolas (1834) III. 263 (MED) Þe wardeins and oþer persones..suche as by lyklihode shuld have most knowleche in þat behalf. c1443 R. Pecock (1927) 31 (MED) If he haue of þis seid..questioun eny certeynte, liklihode, or probabilnes, þat he helde it forþ wiþoute eny hidyng. 1488 W. Paston in (2004) I. 656 They sey [= saw] no lykeleod that they schuld haue lycens. 1509 J. Fisher (de Worde) sig. Bvi Who may not nowe take euydent lyklyhode & coniecture vpon this, yt[etc.]. 1583 P. Stubbes sig. C6 The prince may pardon the offender, if there appeere likelyhoode of amendment in him. 1611 M. Smith in Transl. to Rdr. sig. A4 Neither is there any likelihood, that enuie and malignitie died. 1634 J. Levett 38 In May or June..there is no great likelihood of a second or third swarm. a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) i. 9 Hearing of the likelyhood of my removal. 1717 No. 7 (1718) 39 The State may be in great Likelihood to suffer Shipwreck. 1759 B. Langton 28 July 233 There was a likelihood of rain. 1856 J. A. Froude (1858) II. ix. 397 That he really might be too late appeared an immediate likelihood. 1877 E. A. Freeman (ed. 3) I. v. 301 This story..has strong internal likelihood in its favour. 1904 J. London xxviii. 270 Where we were I did not know, though there was quite a likelihood that we were in the vicinity of the Ghost. 1963 63 672 We can rationally measure the danger and its likelihood. 2008 J. B. Helfgott v. 147 Most people have a much higher likelihood of dying from their own bad habits than they do at the hands of a serial killer. the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [noun] > that which is probable > in amount 1455–6 (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §36. m. 21 The lyklyhode of the costes and expenses..weyed and considered. 1542 H. Brinkelow sig. Avii Yee and yet knowe not you, whether they heare you or not, as the likelyhod is they do not. 1569 T. Norton sig. E.ij The likelyhode is that you are the more led to thinke this surmise true. 1770 R. Griffith & E. Griffith V. dcxvi. 130 The Likelihood is rather that I may set off before, than stay after, my Business is done. 1868 28 Dec. 819/1 There was an anxiety in our camp, as the likelihood was that so soon as the death of the Indians was discovered by their friends, they might give us further annoyance. 1894 G. Meredith III. xii. 241 The likelihood is, she'll feel bound in honour to serve him faithfully for the rest of their wedded days. 1903 at Likelihood Mod. Sc. The likelihood is I'll not be able to go. 1963 W. F. Buckley 189 He spent his days in and out of a sickbed, from which the likelihood was that he would never again emerge physically whole. 2015 13 20 Expect the best, plan for the worst, and the likelihood is that reality will be somewhere in between. the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > likelihood 1921 R. A. Fisher in 1 iv. 24 The complete solution of this problem would be to find the probability integral of the distribution of p... What we can find from this sample is the likelihood of any particular value of p, if we define the likelihood as a quantity proportional to the probability that, from a population having that particular value of p, a sample having the observed value r, should be obtained. 1933 No. 183. 39 The conception of likelihood was introduced by Fisher in 1921, but..its properties are not yet universally known. 1987 25 June 663/1 They had ignored the distinction between probability and likelihood, thereby committing a logical error which had led them to estimate the probability with unjustified precision. 2010 M. Aitken ii. 47 We are misleading ourselves in thinking that the uncertainty in the likelihood has been eliminated. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > a similarity the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > (of a picture, etc.) to the object represented 1495 (de Worde) Prol. sig. Aij/1 Parables. & semblaunces. or liklihodes of thynges naturelles and artyfycyelles. 1548 E. Gest sig. Biv Sacramentes (sayth Augustin) vnlesse they haue certayne lykelyhode wyth the thynges wherof they be sygnes, they be no Sacramentes at al. 1567 J. Maplet f. 11 It is called Iris for likeloode to the Rainebow. a1591 R. Greenham (1599) i. 96 Thus wee see what likelihood there is betweene the spirit and fire. 1614 W. Raleigh i. i. ii. §2. 27 There is no likelihood betweene pure light and blacke darknesse. 1688 R. Holme iii. 200/1 Fables [are] Tales of Untruth, yet have a likelyhood of Truth. 1781 R. Jephson i. i. 5 'Tis Godfrey's calumny; he has coin'd this lie; And his late visit to the holy land, No doubt, has furnish'd likelihood of proof. 1893 J. Rhoades 4 There's no more likelihood between his blood and thine, than between good drink and standing water. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > promise, ground of hope > [noun] 1526 Eltham Ordinances in (1790) 146 None other to be admitted into any roome, office, or place, within the King's said household..but such as be of good towardnesse, likelyhood, behaviour, demeanour, and conversation. 1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus vii. f. 36v Amongst all the noble and valiaunt Dukes and captains that the Atheniens had before him, there was neuer none, either of greater likelihode, or of more ripe towardnes then he was. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus vi. 31 Amongst all the..Captaines..there was none of greater likelihood. 1792 June 146 This special pleader is ‘a fellow of some likelihood.’ 1837 C. Lamb (1837) II. 40 There are actresses of greater merit and likelihood than you. 1847 L. Hunt II. x. 232 An individual of no mark or likelihood. 1903 J. Davidson iii. 60 Let us have a long talk, Master Trenchard! I have noted you, and you seem to me a man of much likelihood. 1979 30 189 An exhaustive list of the notabilities of the day..included not only Scott, Wordsworth, ad Byron,..but also others of no mark or likelihood. society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > based on probability or circumstances 1541–2 Act 33 Henry VIII c. 21 in (1963) III. 857 The lykelyhoodes and apparances being so farre contrarye to that whiche..is nowe founde trewe. 1575 G. Gascoigne ix. 23 If there be two [dewclaws], it is an euill likelyhoode. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 41 These likelihoods confirme her flight from hence. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton xii. 119 Against which testimonies, likelyhoods, evidences,..the bare denyall of one man..cannot..countervaile. 1729 J. Willison vi. 102 Many pregnant Presumptions and concurring Likelihoods will, when laid all together, amount to a good Evidence. 1797 87 If the reasoning be just, that chain of likelihoods upon which Mr. Erskine suspends his assertion is burst in every link. 1853 C. Brontë II. xxvii. 273 M. de Bassompierre, for his part, seemed..unconscious as any child to the signs, the likelihoods, the fitful beginnings of what, when it drew to an end, he might not approve. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ xxvii. 259 In truth the law of prophecy doth contradict the likelihoods, most strangely making the difficult easy, and the easy difficult. 1931 T. S. Moore 25 As women creep out to the walls To find their wounded husband or dead son, His fears came out to rummage likelihoods. 1999 R. R. Wilson 212 The first brother began by assuming a single proposition that was contrary to reason and to the likelihoods of experience. Phrasesthe mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [adverb] 1427by liklihode [see sense 1a]. 1433 (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §17. m. 16 Þe which had ellys by liklyhode be lost. 1486 Countess of Oxford in (2004) II. 447 To the entente, by alle lykelyhod, to finde the waies and meanes to gete him shipping. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. clxviii. [clxiv.] 270 Their speres grated nat; if they had, by moost lykelhod they had taken hurte. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys xvi. 287 The eldest & therefore by likelyhoode the discreetest seruaunt of his house. 1629 E. W. tr. L. Richeome xx. 203 The house of Ioseph (which by likelihood was at Bethleem). 1697 W. Dampier v. 95 By all likelihood these ridges of Mountains do run in a continued Chain from one end of Peru and Chili to the other. 1841 Dec. 750/1 Homer..would not, by all likelihood, be more archaic in his colouring of style than the Froissart of Lord Berners is to ourselves. 1894 Nov. 48/2 One servant..runs away to tell the master of the house that the Devil is at the door..and, ‘By likelihood he is come for your soul.’ 1939 22 Feb. 16/1 A country with 50,000 fewer people in employment now than it had a year ago is by all likelihood earning less and saving less. 2000 D. N. Chorafas xi. 181 While it is true that public opinion may exercise pressure, by all likelihood this will be felt in an indirect way via legislators. the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [adverb] 1491–2 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1491 §21. m. 9 Every quinzime..of liklyhode shalbe gretly mynysshed and lessed. 1529 T. More i. f. xviv/2 To say the trouth I am not very sure of the time, but..yt was of lyklyhod ye same nyght. 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe i. f. 19 So also may ye right well perceiue..that the selfesame may..nowe of all likelyhood chaunce vnto you. 1602 W. Watson 121 Who of likelihood..was possessed..with so affectionate an opinion of his brothers aduancement, that [etc.]. 1682 P. Walsh ii. 55 This of all likelihood was one of the causes or means whereby Ireland began suddenly to flourish above any Countrey of Europe at that time in Learning. 1897 C. L. Ford viii. 276 Ordinary wants would of likelihood be published in it for five cents, and possibly one cent. the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [adverb] 1570 T. Norton sig. A.iijv The Lord be mercifull vnto vs and preserue our Prince, and contrey, which without our prince can not in all likelihode be preserued. 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 238 Then I can lay it downe in likelihood . View more context for this quotation 1631 J. Weever 812 It hath no Inscription, but in likelyhood it is the Tombe of Sir Roger. 1664 H. Power Concl. 189 In all likelihood, he that made this great Automaton of the world, will not destroy it. 1762 H. Walpole I. vii. 152 Oliver..was in all likelyhood of French extraction. 1832 J. K. Paulding 194 Our vessel will be dashed to pieces, and in all likelihood every soul on board will perish. 1862 J. W. Carlyle III. 102 In all likelihood we will go home together on Monday. 1926 7 295 Had Dom Pedro refused to accept the rôle that was thrust upon him, Brazil would in likelihood have had a period of..bloodshed for the first fifty years of her history. 1940 K. Roberts lix. 524 If you send Nathan to an English school, he'll in all likelihood turn out a snob, a toady or a rake. 2008 7 Jan. 41/7 Whoever wins, though, will in all likelihood discover that their victory is, initially, something of a poisoned chalice. Compounds (In sense 1c.) the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > likelihood 1932 24 476 For a specified sample (i) F, (ii) Fa and (iii) Fm may be considered as functions of population parameters, and will be called likelihood functions. 1962 J. Riordan vi. 126 The formulation of a likelihood function for the stationary case is excessively complicated. 2005 J. R. Skalski et al. Appendix A 566 Any two parameter estimates from the same likelihood function might also be expected to depend on one another. the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > likelihood 1931 (Ser. A: Sci. Math.) 480 For this purpose we have used the likelihood ratio, to pick out the appropriate criterion by which to test a given hypothesis. 1933 25 103 Making use of what has been termed the likelihood ratio, they have shown how a number of existing tests and certain new ones are brought into conformity. 1972 A. W. F. Edwards ix. 176 Neyman and Pearson were attracted to the likelihood ratio on intuitive grounds in advance of their realization that their theory of testing led necessarily to it. 2007 N. Summerton iii. 25 Likelihood-ratios can easily be harnessed to assist in rational decision-making. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1427 |
