lividadj.

Brit.

/ˈlɪvɪd/, U.S.

/ˈlɪvᵻd/

Forms: late Middle English lyvyd, late Middle English 1600s liuid, late Middle English–1600s liuide, 1500s–1600s livide, 1600s– livid.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French livide; Latin līvidus.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French livide (originally in medical use) of a dark, leadlike colour (1314 in Old French as livite ), of a dull pallor (1830), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin līvidus of a dull or greyish-blue colour, discoloured by bruises, spiteful, envious, malicious, < līvēre to be livid or discoloured, to be envious or jealous ( < the same Indo-European base as sloe n.) + -idus -id suffix¹. Compare Spanish lívido (1515), Italian livido (a1313), and also (with further suffixation) Old Occitan livenc (14th cent.). Compare livor n. and lividity n.In use with reference to colour (see sense 1) originally and frequently used with reference to a range of discolorations of the human skin, both dark and pale; compare wan adj.¹ 3 and 4. In uses with reference to anger (see senses 2 and 3) apparently with allusion to the colour of an angry person's face (compare sense 1c). With uses modifying other colour adjectives (see sense Compounds 1) compare post-classical Latin and scientific Latin livido- (1686), reflected by the rare English combining form livido- ( < in e.g. livido-castaneous, livido-fuscous, livido-virescent, only used in W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora (1871 )).

a. Of a bluish- or purplish-grey colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [adjective] > discoloured

wanc700

blaec1325

bluec1390

swarta1400

livid?a1425

pinch-spotteda1616

jaundiced1640

blue in the face1792

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > livid

wanc700

blaea1325

bloa1325

bluec1390

livid?a1425

lividous1598

haw1768

blue in the face1792

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 103^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Livid(e At þe firste tyme when þe skynne is vlcerate, it stinkeþ not, but þe place wexeþ liuide & blake.

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. iv. iv. sig. I^v The signes of the maling [carbuncle] are, vomiting continually,..trembling, sounding beating of the hart, the face waxeth white and liuide.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 9 There followed no Carbuncle, no purple or liuide Spots.

1663 A. Cowley Verses Several Occasions 3 Dost thou not see the livid traces Of the sharp scourges rude embraces?

1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 10 Thou, sable Styx! whose livid [L. liuida] Streams are roll'd Thro' dreary Coasts.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 198 A voice from the livid lips of the Prophet, articulated these words.

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. xi. 197 The Comet of 1531 was of a bright gold colour; that of 1607 dark and livid.

1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 179 Over the water there hung..a livid fog of heat.

1932 G. E. Post Flora of Syria, Palestine, & Sinai 67 Perennial, or biennial herbs, with purple, violet, or livid flowers.

1969 G. Rabassa tr. J. Goytisolo Marks of Identity 212 The handcuffs had dug into his wrists and his hands were bleeding, swollen and livid.

2004 S. Connor Bk. Skin 154 Cyanosis..is a condition in which the skin becomes livid because of the circulation of imperfectly oxygenated blood.

b. Of a colour: having a bluish, purplish, or greyish tinge.

ΚΠ

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 87 (MED) Cancer vlcerate is an vlcere..hauyng a colour liuide [L. colorem lividum], i. bloo, & derke & in þe circuite veynez ful of melancolious blode.

1623 P. Scot Tillage of Light 27 The Saphire, or orient blew like vnto the heauen, is much fairer then the liuid pale colour.

1672 Compl. Gunner iii. xiii. 22 If the filings of Ivory be added, they will render a Silver-like, White and shining flame, yet something inclining to a Livid Plumbous colour.

1778 J. Aikin tr. A. Beaumé Man. Chem. 150 Iron, or Mars, is a metal of a livid white colour, approaching to grey.

1830 Amer. Monthly Mag. (Boston) July 222 White scales, Circled with livid purple, covered him.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. x. 94 His colour has turned to a livid white.

1908 N.Y. Times 29 June 14/5 Two sheath, or Directoire, skirts, one steel gray and the other a livid purple.

2013 S. S. Stoddard Red Geraniums 223 Kate watched Hjelmer turn a livid red and leave the table, stomping out the back door.

c. Of a person, the face, etc.: unnaturally pale in colour; ashen, pallid (esp. as a result of anger or other strong emotion); (occasionally also) reddened, flushed. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective]

blatec1000

whiteOE

greena1275

blakec1275

bleykea1300

wana1300

palec1330

bleach1340

pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374

colourlessc1380

deadlyc1385

deadc1386

bloodlessc1450

earthlyc1460

ruddylessc1460

wan visaged?a1513

wanny1555

as pale or white as a clout1557

bleak1566

mealy1566

pale-faced1570

ghastly1574

white-faced1577

bleakish1581

pallid1590

whiggish1590

tallow-faced1592

maid-pale1597

lily1600

whey-colour1602

lew1611

roseless1611

Hippocratical1615

cadaverousa1661

Hippocratic1681

smock-faced1684

white-looked1690

livid1728

as white (or pale) as a sheet1752

squalid1753

deathly1791

etiolated1791

light-skinned1802

suety1803

shilpit1813

blanched1828

tallowy1830

suet-faced1834

pasty1836

tallowish1838

whey-faced1847

pasty-faced1848

aghast1850

waxen1853

complexionless1863

light-skin1877

lily-cheeked1877

lardy1879

wan-faced1881

exsanguinous1889

wheatish1950

1728 [implied in: E. Jones Trip through London 14 A pale, livid looking Fellow..began to accost me about the Weather. (at livid-looking adj. at Special uses 2)].

1729 J. Thurston Poems 57 When Pains are pungent, with peculiar Grace He wrings the Muscles of his livid Face.

1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 200/1 Zurbano's face became livid with rage and disappointment.

1881 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly Nov. 579/1 Her face grew livid with fright.

1884 Boston Daily Globe 16 June (Suppl.) He saw in a flash all the terrible consequences. He grew absolutely livid. ‘I do not know, where I lost that card-case,’ he articulated with difficulty.

1911 F. L. Barclay Mistress of Shenstone xxii. 288 Jim Airth staggered back, his face livid—ashen, his hand involuntarily raised to ward off a third blow.

1942 Music & Lett. 23 179 Effort makes him livid because his blood-stream is insufficiently aerated.

2001 G. L. Kosmoski & D. R. Pollack Managing Conversat. with Hostile Adults i. 1 His face was livid with anger and his jugular vein coursed with blood.

2. Of an action, emotion, etc.: marked or characterized by great anger; furious.

ΚΠ

1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia 168 This man was kept in pris'n a half years space, By Bonner's means, who beat him on the face With livid blows, and plucked off a piece Of his fast beard.

1754 W. Dodd Sisters II. iv. 25 He sharpens his teeth with greedy fury, rolls with livid indignation his fiery eye balls.

1882 Moonshine 24 Dec. 310/1 Yours in livid hatred, C. S. Parnell.

1963 P. West Mod. Novel ii. i. 142 On it goes, the livid effing-and-blinding.

1994 L. de Bernières Capt. Corelli's Mandolin xxv. 164 The two populations stood off from each other, defusing by means of jokes the guilty suspicion on the one side and the livid resentment on the other.

2008 R. V. S. Redick Red Wolf Conspiracy 413 He gave her a livid glance. ‘Get below, you little fool!’

3. Furiously angry; enraged. Chiefly in predicative use.Originally a contextual use of sense 1c (cf. e.g. quot. 1884 at sense 1c).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] > furiously angry

grim971

aweddeOE

woodlyc1000

anburstc1275

woodc1275

aburstc1300

eagerc1325

brotheful1330

brothely1330

furiousc1374

wroth as (the) wind1377

throc1380

fella1382

wrothlya1400

grindelc1400

raginga1425

furibund1490

bremit1535

outraging1567

fulminant?1578

wood-like1578

horn-mad1579

snuff1582

woodful1582

maddeda1586

rageful1585

furibundal1593

gary1609

fierce1611

wild1653

infuriate1667

hopping mad1675

maddened1735

sulphureous1751

savage1789

infuriated1796

bouncing mad1834

frenzy1859

furyinga1861

ropeable1870

furied1878

fulminous1886

livid1888

fit to be tied1894

hopping1894

fighting mad1896

tamping mad1946

up the wall1951

ravers1967

1888 Boston Daily Globe 19 June 6/2 Mitchell arose. He was absolutely livid. ‘Belle!’ he murmured, ‘be silent!’

1912 Collier's 9 Mar. 21/1 He sprang to his feet, livid. ‘That's a lie,’ and he stopped suddenly, startled by his own violence.

1949 R. Chandler Little Sister ii. 10 Orrin would be absolutely livid. Mother would be furious too.

1973 ‘D. Shannon’ No Holiday for Crime (1974) x. 162 Mr. MacFarlane would be livid to have it [sc. whisky] impounded as evidence.

2014 P. Earle Bubble Wrap Boy xvi. 82 He wasn't livid like her though—more surprised and disappointed.

Compounds

C1. Modifying other adjectives of colour or tone.

ΚΠ

1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in Misc. Poems 368 Now livid pale her Cheeks, now glowing red.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvi. 208 His trembling lips are livid blue.

1886 R. Hughes & J. P. Dake Cycl. Drug Pathogenesy I. 584 Many spots in lungs of a livid red dense tissue like that of liver.

1922 Manch. Guardian 1 Feb. 7/6 Livid violet searchlights were trained on the ring.

2006 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Oct. (Review section) 17 Her settings, with their livid grey light, dismal pools and sinister traces of human architecture, are vivid to the reader.

C2.

livid-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1728 E. Jones Trip through London 14 A pale, livid looking Fellow..began to accost me about the Weather.

1860 J. R. Edkins Let. 20 July in Chinese Scenes & People (1863) 132 A long-faced, livid-looking individual, with an unmistakable American beard, rose.

1910 M. C. Fraser Diplomat's Wife in Many Lands II. iv. 68 There were dark, livid looking patches on her face and hands.

2010 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) (Nexis) 6 Nov. I'm..about to be butchered by a livid-looking Romanian church warden.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	livid
释义	lividadj. Brit. /ˈlɪvɪd/, U.S. /ˈlɪvᵻd/ Forms: late Middle English lyvyd, late Middle English 1600s liuid, late Middle English–1600s liuide, 1500s–1600s livide, 1600s– livid. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French livide; Latin līvidus. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French livide (originally in medical use) of a dark, leadlike colour (1314 in Old French as livite ), of a dull pallor (1830), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin līvidus of a dull or greyish-blue colour, discoloured by bruises, spiteful, envious, malicious, < līvēre to be livid or discoloured, to be envious or jealous ( < the same Indo-European base as sloe n.) + -idus -id suffix¹. Compare Spanish lívido (1515), Italian livido (a1313), and also (with further suffixation) Old Occitan livenc (14th cent.). Compare livor n. and lividity n.In use with reference to colour (see sense 1) originally and frequently used with reference to a range of discolorations of the human skin, both dark and pale; compare wan adj.¹ 3 and 4. In uses with reference to anger (see senses 2 and 3) apparently with allusion to the colour of an angry person's face (compare sense 1c). With uses modifying other colour adjectives (see sense Compounds 1) compare post-classical Latin and scientific Latin livido- (1686), reflected by the rare English combining form livido- ( < in e.g. livido-castaneous, livido-fuscous, livido-virescent, only used in W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora (1871 )). 1. a. Of a bluish- or purplish-grey colour. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [adjective] > discoloured wanc700 blaec1325 bluec1390 swarta1400 livid?a1425 pinch-spotteda1616 jaundiced1640 blue in the face1792 the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > livid wanc700 blaea1325 bloa1325 bluec1390 livid?a1425 lividous1598 haw1768 blue in the face1792 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 103^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Livid(e At þe firste tyme when þe skynne is vlcerate, it stinkeþ not, but þe place wexeþ liuide & blake. 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. iv. iv. sig. I^v The signes of the maling [carbuncle] are, vomiting continually,..trembling, sounding beating of the hart, the face waxeth white and liuide. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 9 There followed no Carbuncle, no purple or liuide Spots. 1663 A. Cowley Verses Several Occasions 3 Dost thou not see the livid traces Of the sharp scourges rude embraces? 1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 10 Thou, sable Styx! whose livid [L. liuida] Streams are roll'd Thro' dreary Coasts. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 198 A voice from the livid lips of the Prophet, articulated these words. 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. xi. 197 The Comet of 1531 was of a bright gold colour; that of 1607 dark and livid. 1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 179 Over the water there hung..a livid fog of heat. 1932 G. E. Post Flora of Syria, Palestine, & Sinai 67 Perennial, or biennial herbs, with purple, violet, or livid flowers. 1969 G. Rabassa tr. J. Goytisolo Marks of Identity 212 The handcuffs had dug into his wrists and his hands were bleeding, swollen and livid. 2004 S. Connor Bk. Skin 154 Cyanosis..is a condition in which the skin becomes livid because of the circulation of imperfectly oxygenated blood. b. Of a colour: having a bluish, purplish, or greyish tinge. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 87 (MED) Cancer vlcerate is an vlcere..hauyng a colour liuide [L. colorem lividum], i. bloo, & derke & in þe circuite veynez ful of melancolious blode. 1623 P. Scot Tillage of Light 27 The Saphire, or orient blew like vnto the heauen, is much fairer then the liuid pale colour. 1672 Compl. Gunner iii. xiii. 22 If the filings of Ivory be added, they will render a Silver-like, White and shining flame, yet something inclining to a Livid Plumbous colour. 1778 J. Aikin tr. A. Beaumé Man. Chem. 150 Iron, or Mars, is a metal of a livid white colour, approaching to grey. 1830 Amer. Monthly Mag. (Boston) July 222 White scales, Circled with livid purple, covered him. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. x. 94 His colour has turned to a livid white. 1908 N.Y. Times 29 June 14/5 Two sheath, or Directoire, skirts, one steel gray and the other a livid purple. 2013 S. S. Stoddard Red Geraniums 223 Kate watched Hjelmer turn a livid red and leave the table, stomping out the back door. c. Of a person, the face, etc.: unnaturally pale in colour; ashen, pallid (esp. as a result of anger or other strong emotion); (occasionally also) reddened, flushed. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective] blatec1000 whiteOE greena1275 blakec1275 bleykea1300 wana1300 palec1330 bleach1340 pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374 colourlessc1380 deadlyc1385 deadc1386 bloodlessc1450 earthlyc1460 ruddylessc1460 wan visaged?a1513 wanny1555 as pale or white as a clout1557 bleak1566 mealy1566 pale-faced1570 ghastly1574 white-faced1577 bleakish1581 pallid1590 whiggish1590 tallow-faced1592 maid-pale1597 lily1600 whey-colour1602 lew1611 roseless1611 Hippocratical1615 cadaverousa1661 Hippocratic1681 smock-faced1684 white-looked1690 livid1728 as white (or pale) as a sheet1752 squalid1753 deathly1791 etiolated1791 light-skinned1802 suety1803 shilpit1813 blanched1828 tallowy1830 suet-faced1834 pasty1836 tallowish1838 whey-faced1847 pasty-faced1848 aghast1850 waxen1853 complexionless1863 light-skin1877 lily-cheeked1877 lardy1879 wan-faced1881 exsanguinous1889 wheatish1950 1728 [implied in: E. Jones Trip through London 14 A pale, livid looking Fellow..began to accost me about the Weather. (at livid-looking adj. at Special uses 2)]. 1729 J. Thurston Poems 57 When Pains are pungent, with peculiar Grace He wrings the Muscles of his livid Face. 1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 200/1 Zurbano's face became livid with rage and disappointment. 1881 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly Nov. 579/1 Her face grew livid with fright. 1884 Boston Daily Globe 16 June (Suppl.) He saw in a flash all the terrible consequences. He grew absolutely livid. ‘I do not know, where I lost that card-case,’ he articulated with difficulty. 1911 F. L. Barclay Mistress of Shenstone xxii. 288 Jim Airth staggered back, his face livid—ashen, his hand involuntarily raised to ward off a third blow. 1942 Music & Lett. 23 179 Effort makes him livid because his blood-stream is insufficiently aerated. 2001 G. L. Kosmoski & D. R. Pollack Managing Conversat. with Hostile Adults i. 1 His face was livid with anger and his jugular vein coursed with blood. 2. Of an action, emotion, etc.: marked or characterized by great anger; furious. ΚΠ 1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia 168 This man was kept in pris'n a half years space, By Bonner's means, who beat him on the face With livid blows, and plucked off a piece Of his fast beard. 1754 W. Dodd Sisters II. iv. 25 He sharpens his teeth with greedy fury, rolls with livid indignation his fiery eye balls. 1882 Moonshine 24 Dec. 310/1 Yours in livid hatred, C. S. Parnell. 1963 P. West Mod. Novel ii. i. 142 On it goes, the livid effing-and-blinding. 1994 L. de Bernières Capt. Corelli's Mandolin xxv. 164 The two populations stood off from each other, defusing by means of jokes the guilty suspicion on the one side and the livid resentment on the other. 2008 R. V. S. Redick Red Wolf Conspiracy 413 He gave her a livid glance. ‘Get below, you little fool!’ 3. Furiously angry; enraged. Chiefly in predicative use.Originally a contextual use of sense 1c (cf. e.g. quot. 1884 at sense 1c). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] > furiously angry grim971 aweddeOE woodlyc1000 anburstc1275 woodc1275 aburstc1300 eagerc1325 brotheful1330 brothely1330 furiousc1374 wroth as (the) wind1377 throc1380 fella1382 wrothlya1400 grindelc1400 raginga1425 furibund1490 bremit1535 outraging1567 fulminant?1578 wood-like1578 horn-mad1579 snuff1582 woodful1582 maddeda1586 rageful1585 furibundal1593 gary1609 fierce1611 wild1653 infuriate1667 hopping mad1675 maddened1735 sulphureous1751 savage1789 infuriated1796 bouncing mad1834 frenzy1859 furyinga1861 ropeable1870 furied1878 fulminous1886 livid1888 fit to be tied1894 hopping1894 fighting mad1896 tamping mad1946 up the wall1951 ravers1967 1888 Boston Daily Globe 19 June 6/2 Mitchell arose. He was absolutely livid. ‘Belle!’ he murmured, ‘be silent!’ 1912 Collier's 9 Mar. 21/1 He sprang to his feet, livid. ‘That's a lie,’ and he stopped suddenly, startled by his own violence. 1949 R. Chandler Little Sister ii. 10 Orrin would be absolutely livid. Mother would be furious too. 1973 ‘D. Shannon’ No Holiday for Crime (1974) x. 162 Mr. MacFarlane would be livid to have it [sc. whisky] impounded as evidence. 2014 P. Earle Bubble Wrap Boy xvi. 82 He wasn't livid like her though—more surprised and disappointed. Compounds C1. Modifying other adjectives of colour or tone. ΚΠ 1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke ii, in Misc. Poems 368 Now livid pale her Cheeks, now glowing red. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxvi. 208 His trembling lips are livid blue. 1886 R. Hughes & J. P. Dake Cycl. Drug Pathogenesy I. 584 Many spots in lungs of a livid red dense tissue like that of liver. 1922 Manch. Guardian 1 Feb. 7/6 Livid violet searchlights were trained on the ring. 2006 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Oct. (Review section) 17 Her settings, with their livid grey light, dismal pools and sinister traces of human architecture, are vivid to the reader. C2. livid-looking adj. ΚΠ 1728 E. Jones Trip through London 14 A pale, livid looking Fellow..began to accost me about the Weather. 1860 J. R. Edkins Let. 20 July in Chinese Scenes & People (1863) 132 A long-faced, livid-looking individual, with an unmistakable American beard, rose. 1910 M. C. Fraser Diplomat's Wife in Many Lands II. iv. 68 There were dark, livid looking patches on her face and hands. 2010 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) (Nexis) 6 Nov. I'm..about to be butchered by a livid-looking Romanian church warden. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1425
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