linguisticadj.n.

Brit.

/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/, U.S.

/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: linguist n., -ic suffix.

Etymology: < linguist n. + -ic suffix. Compare French linguistique (1826 or earlier), Spanish lingüístico (1848), Portuguese lingüístico (1858), Italian linguistico (1839 or earlier), adjectives, all in senses ‘of or relating to language’ as well as ‘of or relating to linguistics’. Compare also German linguistisch of or relating to linguistics (1787 or earlier), (in recent use also, probably after English) of or relating to language (second half of the 20th cent. or earlier; the usual German adjective in this sense is sprachlich).In use as noun probably after French linguistique (1809) or its possible etymon German Linguistik (1778; compare the native formations and partial synonyms Sprachwissenschaft and Sprachforschung , both early 18th cent.). Compare Spanish lingüística (1869), Portuguese lingüística (1858), Italian linguistica (1837), Dutch linguistiek (1847; compare the native formations and partial synonyms taalkunde (early 17th cent.) and taalwetenschap (19th cent.; after German Sprachwissenschaft )). N.E.D. (1903) noted that the use of the adjective sense ‘of or relating to language’ was ‘hardly justifiable etymologically; it has arisen because lingual suggests irrelevant associations’; compare earlier lingual adj. 5.

A. adj.

Of or relating to language; (also) of or relating to linguistics.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [adjective]

linguistic1801

linguistical1801

glottic1802

lingual1813

the mind > language > linguistics > [adjective]

philologue1594

philological1621

philologic1656

glottical1660

glossological1716

linguistic1801

linguacious1814

linguistical1845

glottological1848

glottologic1879

glossematic1952

1801 German Museum May 368 The linguistic monuments become more numerous in the thirteenth century, and the low-Saxon language appears in some of them.

1864 Round Table 18 June 4/3 She gives them phrases and words which..had their beginning long since that period, and are in fact linguistic anachronisms.

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 31 In a linguistic point of view the peoples were one.

1921 E. Sapir Lang. vi. 156 In a book of this sort it is naturally impossible to give an adequate idea of linguistic structure.

1941 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 24 Jan. 4/4 It is not scientific to judge people and discriminate against them on basis of linguistic heritage, racial inferiority or religious differences.

1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. i. 4 The essential properties of natural language are often referred to as ‘linguistic universals’.

1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 16 Aug. 19/2 The child's level of linguistic competence.

2003 Isis 94 522/2 Delbrugge..notes some linguistic features of the text, mainly phonological, orthographic, and morphosyntactic ones.

B. n.

= linguistics n.linguistics n. is the usual term.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun]

tongue-work1598

glossology1716

philology1716

linguistry1794

logonomy1803

logology1820

linguistic1825

linguistic science1825

linguistics1837

glottology1841

linguistic analysis1848

1825 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 648 The science of the general comparison of languages, now developing itself under the name of linguistic, has, within a short period, made a very remarkable progress.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 334 Mr. Hooper is always weak in his linguistic.

1937 J. Orr tr. I. Iordan Introd. Romance Linguistics iii. 194 His [sc. Gilliéron's] linguistic is descriptive, or, in the Saussurian terminology, ‘synchronic’.

2002 J. Culler Pursuit of Signs (new ed.) p. vii Ferdinand de Saussure..had argued that linguistic would one day be part of a comprehensive science of signs.

Compounds

C1.

linguistic analysis n. the analysis of language or its structure; (Philosophy) analysis that takes language itself, rather than its subject matter, as the primary focus of study (cf. linguistic philosophy n.); an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun]

tongue-work1598

glossology1716

philology1716

linguistry1794

logonomy1803

logology1820

linguistic1825

linguistic science1825

linguistics1837

glottology1841

linguistic analysis1848

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > philosophical analysis

philosophical analysis1759

analysis1910

linguistic analysis1945

conceptual analysis1949

meta-analysis1953

1848 Rep. 17th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1847 260 Adelung's work..comprises..one of the most accurate specimens of linguistic analysis which we possess, in Wilhelm von Humboldt's Essay on the Iberian or Basque language.

1873 W. K. Sullivan in E. O'Curry On Manners & Customs Anc. Irish I. Introd. p. lxiv This work contains a copy and a linguistic analysis.

1932 A. F. Bentley (title) Linguistic analysis of mathematics.

1945 Mind 54 195 Positivists, as is well known, do not search for answers to the philosophical questions; what they try to bring about, in all cases, is the disappearance of the questions by means of what they call linguistic analysis.

1997 Appl. Linguistics 18 109 It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that some of these cases might well have had a different outcome if the linguistic analysis had been allowed as evidence.

2000 F. Kerr in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 608/2 Logical positivism, linguistic analysis, Oxford philosophy..took little account of the variety and complexity of language.

linguistic analyst n. a person who analyses language; (Philosophy) a practitioner of linguistic analysis, a linguistic philosopher.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > philosophical analysis > philosopher who practises

analyst1852

linguistic analyst1945

1867 W. D. Whitney Lang. & Study of Lang. v. 200 Every part of the grammar and vocabulary of all the languages in question,..now so hidden under later peculiar growth as to be only with difficulty traceable by the acute and practised linguistic analyst.

1945 Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. Vol. 19 7 If anyone was ever a ‘linguistic analyst’, surely Socrates was.

1957 G. Ryle in C. A. Mace Brit. Philos. in Mid-cent. 263 I gather that at this very moment British philosophy is dominated by some people called ‘linguistic analysts’.

1962 Listener 17 May 851/1 You might well meet a philosopher described as a linguistic analyst.

2009 C. Meister Introducing Philos. of Relig. viii. 151 For the linguistic analysts, religious language and scientific language have different aims and functions.

linguistic anthropology n. anthropological research based on studying the language of a particular group of people; the study of the role of language in human society.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology > linguistic

linguistic anthropology1867

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic anthropology

linguistic anthropology1867

1867 Anthropol. Rev. 5 246 The following is the list of papers read...—On the relations of linguistic anthropology, according to Broca.

1968 D. Hymes in Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. 354/2 Through Boas the interest became an intrinsic part of American linguistic anthropology.

2011 P. Dourish & G. Bell Divining Digital Future iii. 46 In the United States..anthropology has traditionally been defined as a discipline with four major fields or subdisciplines: linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and cultural anthropology.

linguistic atlas n. a book of tables or maps recording the distribution of linguistic features or languages over a certain geographical area; an atlas of linguistic maps; cf. linguistic map n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology > map or atlas

linguistic map1846

linguistic atlas1853

1853 M. Schele de Vere Outl. Compar. Philol. viii. 58 Of merely lexical interest..was Klaproth's Asia Polyglotta, with its valuable linguistic atlas.

1917 Amer. Hist. Rev. 23 172 A full linguistic atlas of Europe is a desideratum.

1939 B. Bloch in H. Kurath et al. Handbk. Ling. Geogr. New Eng. iv. 129 The phonetic alphabet of the Linguistic Atlas provides shift signs in the form of small arrowheads, which are placed after a vowel symbol to indicate varieties heard.

1952 E. Dieth & H. Orton (title) A questionnaire for a linguistic atlas of England.

1992 Amer. Speech 67 3 Pickford challenged both the reliability and the validity of the methods used in American linguistic atlases.

linguistic family n. Linguistics a group of languages deriving from a single ancestor or parent; = language family n. at language n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages

stocka1727

family1762

linguistic stock1846

linguistic family1847

language group1853

language family1863

Rhaeto-Etruscan1939

macrophylum1958

phylum1958

1847 I. A. Blackwell in T. Percy et al. tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. (rev. ed.) 42 We have already mentioned the close relationship of the Hindostanic, Iranic, Hellenic, Romanic, and Teutonic linguistic families.

1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 406 The coeval languages of the Greeks and Romans, Oscans and Umbrians being of the same linguistic family, some light is thrown upon Celtic from that quarter.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 357 Second in importance only to the Indo-European linguistic family comes the Hamito-Semitic group.

2005 C. Mann 1491 ii. v. 164 He had concluded that Indian languages belonged to just three main linguistic families: Aleut,..Na-Dené,..and Amerind.

linguistic geographer n. an expert in or student of linguistic geography.

ΚΠ

1884 Science 25 Jan. 85 There is an entertaining field for some linguistic geographer to cultivate in this country by mapping out the distribution of the various kinds of town, county, river, and other names according to their origin and derivation.

1952 Word 8 iii. 275 Who but Rohlfs combines a background of solid 19th century German scholarship with a thorough training as a linguistic geographer?

2011 E. R. Thomas in W. Maguire & A. McMahon Analysing Variation in Eng. i. i. 8 Linguistic geographers traditionally used the method of sending fieldworkers out to local communities with a questionnaire.

linguistic geography n. the geographical distribution of languages, dialects, etc., and their regional variations; the study of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology

dialectology1820

linguistic geography1867

word geography1911

1867 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 510/2 To any one who is not a stranger in linguistic geography, it is rich in details, and valuable on account of the strict and critical classification of the languages and their dialects.

1939 H. Kurath (title) Handbook of the linguistic geography of New England.

1954 G. Bottiglioni in A. Martinet & U. Weinreich Linguistics Today 255 Linguistic geography owes its origin to the comparative method.

2002 E. F. K. Koerner Toward Hist. Amer. Linguistics x. 260 We do well to go back to the beginnings of fieldwork in dialect geography during the last decades of the 19th century to see the sociological component slowly infiltrating linguistic geography.

linguistic imperialism n. depreciative the extension of the influence or dominance of one language over other (esp. regional) languages.Often considered as part of a wider context of cultural imperialism (cultural imperialism n. at cultural adj. and n. Compounds).

ΚΠ

1913 Irish Times 21 Feb. 6/6 (headline) Linguistic Imperialism.

1933 Pacific Affairs 6 134/2 The objection raised to any national language, be it English, French or Spanish, becoming a universal medium is that this constitutes a sort of ‘linguistic imperialism’.

1967 Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times 6 Aug. 8 b/3 The Byelorussians are hypersensitive to charges that they are the victims of linguistic imperialism.

2010 E. Macaro et al. in E. Macaro Continuum Compan. to Second Lang. Acquisition ii. 45 They posit..that to prohibit learners from using their own L1 [= first language] can be a form of linguistic imperialism.

linguistic map n. [originally after German Sprachkarte (1839 or earlier; 1844 in the title of the map referred to in quot. 1846)] a map showing the distribution of linguistic features or languages over a certain geographical area.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology > map or atlas

linguistic map1846

linguistic atlas1853

1846 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 16 p. lv The very useful publication of Dr. Carl Bernhardi, of Cassel, entitled a ‘Linguistic Map of Germany’.

1944 Amer. Speech 19 135 The book includes sixteen linguistic maps and nineteen illustrations.

2006 W. Wolfram & N. Schilling-Estes Amer. Eng. (ed. 2) i. 24 The initial hope of the American Dialect Society was to provide a body of data from which a dialect dictionary or series of linguistic maps might be derived.

linguistic philosopher n. a person who is concerned with any linguistic aspect of philosophy; spec. a practitioner of linguistic philosophy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > linguistic philosopher

linguistic philosopher1850

1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) iii. v. 470 We can scarcely imagine a more interesting subject of speculation to the linguistic philosopher than that which is presented by this class of words.

1890 Academy 22 Nov. 479/2 He [sc. the student of Indo-European grammar] must, in short, be a linguistic philosopher as well as a comparative philologist.

1948 Philos. Sci. 15 316 A well known ‘linguistic philosopher’.

1963 W. H. Walsh Metaphysics i. 16 The brief ascendancy of the Logical Positivists came to an end and their place was taken by the so-called Linguistic Philosophers.

2011 R. Teichmann Nature, Reason, & Good Life v. 175 One feeling often expressed..was the feeling that philosophy would be a pretty poor thing if it were as linguistic philosophers made it out to be.

linguistic philosophy n. Philosophy a type of (esp. English-language) philosophy in which the approach to tackling philosophical problems involves attention to linguistic facts; cf. linguistic analysis n.Particularly associated with the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, and with that of J. L. Austin.

ΚΠ

1948 Philos. Sci. 15 316 Instead of providing a basis for linguistic philosophy, the assumptions involved in a ‘behavioristic semiotic’ must be grounded on the analyses made by such a philosophy.

1952 Rev. Metaphysics 5 419 The essay that marks Ryle's sober-eyed and reluctant conversion to the linguistic philosophy.

1959 B. Russell in E. Gellner Words & Things (1960) Introd. 15 The linguistic philosophy, which cares only about language, and not about the world, is like the boy who preferred the clock without the pendulum because, although it no longer told the time, it went more easily than before and at a more exhilarating pace.

1987 D. Healey Time of my Life (1990) ii. 28 The fashion at Oxford in my time was for logical positivism and linguistic philosophy, which I regarded as intellectual nosepicking.

2005 A. Quinton in T. Honderich Oxf. Compan. Philos. (new ed.) 522/1 Linguistic philosophy may be regarded either as a variant form, or as a competitor, of analytic philosophy.

linguistic profiling n. analysis of the linguistic features of speech or writing as a means of identifying certain characteristics of the speaker or writer (such as social status, ethnicity, etc.).Sometimes with the implication that such analysis is used to discriminate against people of a particular racial or social background.

ΚΠ

1983 Speech & Drama 32 30 This book..begins on a general note with an interesting and judicious treatise on the notion of linguistic profiling.

1993 J. R. Beech et al. Assessm. in Speech & Lang. Therapy 226 LARSP constitutes a linguistic profiling procedure resulting in a single-page chart on which patterns of grammatical output can be summarized.

2007 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 4 Oct. 9 There is indeed such a thing as linguistic profiling. It is hardly unknown for a person with what I call a black-cent to be told there are no apartments available when there are some.

linguistic psychology n. the psychology of language; the study of this; cf. psycholinguistics n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > interdisciplinary psychology > [noun] > psycholinguistics

linguistic psychology1850

psycholinguistics1936

the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > psycholinguistics or neurolinguistics

linguistic psychology1850

psycholinguistics1936

neurolinguistics1961

1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) i. iii. 54 Outline of linguistic psychology.

1892 H. Swan & V. Betis tr. F. Gouin Art of Teaching & Studying Lang. p. vi This work might not inaptly be entitled ‘The Gift of Languages, and How to Acquire it; being an Investigation into Linguistic Psychology’.

1912 J. R. Kellogg Stud. Ling. Psychol. I. 6 The general field of linguistic psychology.

2000 Transl. & Lit. 9 230 Fundamental issues of linguistic psychology, of aesthetics, of cultural poetics, are at stake.

linguistic science n. [ < linguistic adj. + science n., probably after German Sprachwissenschaft (see the note in etymology)] the scientific study of language; linguistics; a branch or type of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun]

tongue-work1598

glossology1716

philology1716

linguistry1794

logonomy1803

logology1820

linguistic1825

linguistic science1825

linguistics1837

glottology1841

linguistic analysis1848

1825 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 648 We may hope to see the linguistic science extend itself more and more, and acquire a regularity in its form and principles.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth of Lang. iv. 60 Phonetics, as a branch of linguistic science.

1938 Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1936 27 Philology (which scholars tend more and more to call ‘linguistic science’ or ‘linguistics’).

1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. i. 16 ‘Descriptive linguistics’..is recognized as a separate branch of the linguistic sciences and has come to be known as ‘institutional linguistics’.

2001 L. Sanneh in K. E. Yandell Faith & Narr. 51 Holger Pedersen argues in this connection that modern linguistic science is a child of Christian missionary activity.

linguistic scientist n. [ < linguistic adj. + scientist n., after linguistic science n.] an expert in or student of linguistic science; cf. linguist n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > one who studies

philologue1594

linguist1605

philologer1653

philologist1695

terminologist1806

glossologist1817

philologian1823

linguister1870

glottologist1874

linguistic scientist1875

linguistician1895

historicist1937

wordster1965

1875 U. J. Bourke Aryan Origin Gaelic Race & Lang. vi. 109 According to this distinguished linguistic scientist [sc. August Schleicher], Irish holds on the tree of early human speech a position next after the eastern and classic off-shoots of the great Aryan tongue.

1934 Amer. Speech 9 88/1 Linguistic scientists will find a rich ground for study if they will stop thinking of the written or printed Standard Language as solely a secondary, or derivative, form of speech.

2008 M. Visser Gift of Thanks i. v. 49 Linguistic scientists assure us that we daily engage in verbal interactions of a complexity they struggle to describe, let alone explain.

linguistic stock n. [after French souche de langues (1846 in the passage translated in quot. 1846)] Linguistics a group of language families sharing features thought to indicate a shared origin.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages

stocka1727

family1762

linguistic stock1846

linguistic family1847

language group1853

language family1863

Rhaeto-Etruscan1939

macrophylum1958

phylum1958

1846 E. J. Sabine tr. A. von Humboldt Cosmos I. 354 Similarly recurring phenomena; viz. in one and the same race, two or more entirely different families of languages; and in nations differing widely in origin, idioms belonging to the same linguistic stock [Fr. souche de langues].

1921 E. Sapir Lang. x. 221 What are the most inclusive linguistic groupings, the ‘linguistic stocks’, and what is the distribution of each.

1953 R. L. Beals & H. Hoijer Introd. Anthropol. xvii. 524 As more and more languages are studied and compared intensively with each other, we may expect that the number of linguistic stocks will decrease.

2011 D. H. Kelley & E. F. Milone Exploring Anc. Skies ii. xi. 338/2 The Melanesian and Polynesian language families are grouped together within the great Austronesian linguistic stock.

C2. In combination with other adjectives, esp. those relating to academic disciplines, with the sense ‘both linguistic and that which is designated by the second element’, as linguistic-anthropological, linguistic-geographical, linguistic-historical, etc.

ΚΠ

1939 C. T. Carr Nominal Compounds in Germanic i. i. 5 Schroeder from the linguistic-geographical point of view lays stress on the meaning and gradual spread of the compounds in the Germanic area.

1962 Romance Philol. Feb. 356 His creative scholarship, which combines the traditional type of Romance philology with a linguistic-anthropological approach.

1978 Language 54 217 The importance of word taboo on the basis of more recent linguistic-anthropological work.

1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 65/1 This is the ‘linguistic-cultural’ view of deafness.

2004 S. O'Sullivan Early Medieval Glosses on Prudentius' ‘Psychomachia’ ii. 33 Bergmann..has endeavoured to classify German glosses according to their linguistic-historical and linguistic-geographical varieties.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	linguistic
释义	linguisticadj.n. Brit. /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/, U.S. /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: linguist n., -ic suffix. Etymology: < linguist n. + -ic suffix. Compare French linguistique (1826 or earlier), Spanish lingüístico (1848), Portuguese lingüístico (1858), Italian linguistico (1839 or earlier), adjectives, all in senses ‘of or relating to language’ as well as ‘of or relating to linguistics’. Compare also German linguistisch of or relating to linguistics (1787 or earlier), (in recent use also, probably after English) of or relating to language (second half of the 20th cent. or earlier; the usual German adjective in this sense is sprachlich).In use as noun probably after French linguistique (1809) or its possible etymon German Linguistik (1778; compare the native formations and partial synonyms Sprachwissenschaft and Sprachforschung , both early 18th cent.). Compare Spanish lingüística (1869), Portuguese lingüística (1858), Italian linguistica (1837), Dutch linguistiek (1847; compare the native formations and partial synonyms taalkunde (early 17th cent.) and taalwetenschap (19th cent.; after German Sprachwissenschaft )). N.E.D. (1903) noted that the use of the adjective sense ‘of or relating to language’ was ‘hardly justifiable etymologically; it has arisen because lingual suggests irrelevant associations’; compare earlier lingual adj. 5. A. adj. Of or relating to language; (also) of or relating to linguistics. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [adjective] linguistic1801 linguistical1801 glottic1802 lingual1813 the mind > language > linguistics > [adjective] philologue1594 philological1621 philologic1656 glottical1660 glossological1716 linguistic1801 linguacious1814 linguistical1845 glottological1848 glottologic1879 glossematic1952 1801 German Museum May 368 The linguistic monuments become more numerous in the thirteenth century, and the low-Saxon language appears in some of them. 1864 Round Table 18 June 4/3 She gives them phrases and words which..had their beginning long since that period, and are in fact linguistic anachronisms. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 31 In a linguistic point of view the peoples were one. 1921 E. Sapir Lang. vi. 156 In a book of this sort it is naturally impossible to give an adequate idea of linguistic structure. 1941 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 24 Jan. 4/4 It is not scientific to judge people and discriminate against them on basis of linguistic heritage, racial inferiority or religious differences. 1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. i. 4 The essential properties of natural language are often referred to as ‘linguistic universals’. 1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 16 Aug. 19/2 The child's level of linguistic competence. 2003 Isis 94 522/2 Delbrugge..notes some linguistic features of the text, mainly phonological, orthographic, and morphosyntactic ones. B. n. = linguistics n.linguistics n. is the usual term. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] tongue-work1598 glossology1716 philology1716 linguistry1794 logonomy1803 logology1820 linguistic1825 linguistic science1825 linguistics1837 glottology1841 linguistic analysis1848 1825 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 648 The science of the general comparison of languages, now developing itself under the name of linguistic, has, within a short period, made a very remarkable progress. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 334 Mr. Hooper is always weak in his linguistic. 1937 J. Orr tr. I. Iordan Introd. Romance Linguistics iii. 194 His [sc. Gilliéron's] linguistic is descriptive, or, in the Saussurian terminology, ‘synchronic’. 2002 J. Culler Pursuit of Signs (new ed.) p. vii Ferdinand de Saussure..had argued that linguistic would one day be part of a comprehensive science of signs. Compounds C1. linguistic analysis n. the analysis of language or its structure; (Philosophy) analysis that takes language itself, rather than its subject matter, as the primary focus of study (cf. linguistic philosophy n.); an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] tongue-work1598 glossology1716 philology1716 linguistry1794 logonomy1803 logology1820 linguistic1825 linguistic science1825 linguistics1837 glottology1841 linguistic analysis1848 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > philosophical analysis philosophical analysis1759 analysis1910 linguistic analysis1945 conceptual analysis1949 meta-analysis1953 1848 Rep. 17th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1847 260 Adelung's work..comprises..one of the most accurate specimens of linguistic analysis which we possess, in Wilhelm von Humboldt's Essay on the Iberian or Basque language. 1873 W. K. Sullivan in E. O'Curry On Manners & Customs Anc. Irish I. Introd. p. lxiv This work contains a copy and a linguistic analysis. 1932 A. F. Bentley (title) Linguistic analysis of mathematics. 1945 Mind 54 195 Positivists, as is well known, do not search for answers to the philosophical questions; what they try to bring about, in all cases, is the disappearance of the questions by means of what they call linguistic analysis. 1997 Appl. Linguistics 18 109 It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that some of these cases might well have had a different outcome if the linguistic analysis had been allowed as evidence. 2000 F. Kerr in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 608/2 Logical positivism, linguistic analysis, Oxford philosophy..took little account of the variety and complexity of language. linguistic analyst n. a person who analyses language; (Philosophy) a practitioner of linguistic analysis, a linguistic philosopher. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > philosophical analysis > philosopher who practises analyst1852 linguistic analyst1945 1867 W. D. Whitney Lang. & Study of Lang. v. 200 Every part of the grammar and vocabulary of all the languages in question,..now so hidden under later peculiar growth as to be only with difficulty traceable by the acute and practised linguistic analyst. 1945 Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. Vol. 19 7 If anyone was ever a ‘linguistic analyst’, surely Socrates was. 1957 G. Ryle in C. A. Mace Brit. Philos. in Mid-cent. 263 I gather that at this very moment British philosophy is dominated by some people called ‘linguistic analysts’. 1962 Listener 17 May 851/1 You might well meet a philosopher described as a linguistic analyst. 2009 C. Meister Introducing Philos. of Relig. viii. 151 For the linguistic analysts, religious language and scientific language have different aims and functions. linguistic anthropology n. anthropological research based on studying the language of a particular group of people; the study of the role of language in human society. ΘΚΠ the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology > linguistic linguistic anthropology1867 the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic anthropology linguistic anthropology1867 1867 Anthropol. Rev. 5 246 The following is the list of papers read...—On the relations of linguistic anthropology, according to Broca. 1968 D. Hymes in Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. 354/2 Through Boas the interest became an intrinsic part of American linguistic anthropology. 2011 P. Dourish & G. Bell Divining Digital Future iii. 46 In the United States..anthropology has traditionally been defined as a discipline with four major fields or subdisciplines: linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and cultural anthropology. linguistic atlas n. a book of tables or maps recording the distribution of linguistic features or languages over a certain geographical area; an atlas of linguistic maps; cf. linguistic map n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology > map or atlas linguistic map1846 linguistic atlas1853 1853 M. Schele de Vere Outl. Compar. Philol. viii. 58 Of merely lexical interest..was Klaproth's Asia Polyglotta, with its valuable linguistic atlas. 1917 Amer. Hist. Rev. 23 172 A full linguistic atlas of Europe is a desideratum. 1939 B. Bloch in H. Kurath et al. Handbk. Ling. Geogr. New Eng. iv. 129 The phonetic alphabet of the Linguistic Atlas provides shift signs in the form of small arrowheads, which are placed after a vowel symbol to indicate varieties heard. 1952 E. Dieth & H. Orton (title) A questionnaire for a linguistic atlas of England. 1992 Amer. Speech 67 3 Pickford challenged both the reliability and the validity of the methods used in American linguistic atlases. linguistic family n. Linguistics a group of languages deriving from a single ancestor or parent; = language family n. at language n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages stocka1727 family1762 linguistic stock1846 linguistic family1847 language group1853 language family1863 Rhaeto-Etruscan1939 macrophylum1958 phylum1958 1847 I. A. Blackwell in T. Percy et al. tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. (rev. ed.) 42 We have already mentioned the close relationship of the Hindostanic, Iranic, Hellenic, Romanic, and Teutonic linguistic families. 1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 406 The coeval languages of the Greeks and Romans, Oscans and Umbrians being of the same linguistic family, some light is thrown upon Celtic from that quarter. 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 357 Second in importance only to the Indo-European linguistic family comes the Hamito-Semitic group. 2005 C. Mann 1491 ii. v. 164 He had concluded that Indian languages belonged to just three main linguistic families: Aleut,..Na-Dené,..and Amerind. linguistic geographer n. an expert in or student of linguistic geography. ΚΠ 1884 Science 25 Jan. 85 There is an entertaining field for some linguistic geographer to cultivate in this country by mapping out the distribution of the various kinds of town, county, river, and other names according to their origin and derivation. 1952 Word 8 iii. 275 Who but Rohlfs combines a background of solid 19th century German scholarship with a thorough training as a linguistic geographer? 2011 E. R. Thomas in W. Maguire & A. McMahon Analysing Variation in Eng. i. i. 8 Linguistic geographers traditionally used the method of sending fieldworkers out to local communities with a questionnaire. linguistic geography n. the geographical distribution of languages, dialects, etc., and their regional variations; the study of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology dialectology1820 linguistic geography1867 word geography1911 1867 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 510/2 To any one who is not a stranger in linguistic geography, it is rich in details, and valuable on account of the strict and critical classification of the languages and their dialects. 1939 H. Kurath (title) Handbook of the linguistic geography of New England. 1954 G. Bottiglioni in A. Martinet & U. Weinreich Linguistics Today 255 Linguistic geography owes its origin to the comparative method. 2002 E. F. K. Koerner Toward Hist. Amer. Linguistics x. 260 We do well to go back to the beginnings of fieldwork in dialect geography during the last decades of the 19th century to see the sociological component slowly infiltrating linguistic geography. linguistic imperialism n. depreciative the extension of the influence or dominance of one language over other (esp. regional) languages.Often considered as part of a wider context of cultural imperialism (cultural imperialism n. at cultural adj. and n. Compounds). ΚΠ 1913 Irish Times 21 Feb. 6/6 (headline) Linguistic Imperialism. 1933 Pacific Affairs 6 134/2 The objection raised to any national language, be it English, French or Spanish, becoming a universal medium is that this constitutes a sort of ‘linguistic imperialism’. 1967 Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times 6 Aug. 8 b/3 The Byelorussians are hypersensitive to charges that they are the victims of linguistic imperialism. 2010 E. Macaro et al. in E. Macaro Continuum Compan. to Second Lang. Acquisition ii. 45 They posit..that to prohibit learners from using their own L1 [= first language] can be a form of linguistic imperialism. linguistic map n. [originally after German Sprachkarte (1839 or earlier; 1844 in the title of the map referred to in quot. 1846)] a map showing the distribution of linguistic features or languages over a certain geographical area. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > linguistic geography or dialectology > map or atlas linguistic map1846 linguistic atlas1853 1846 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 16 p. lv The very useful publication of Dr. Carl Bernhardi, of Cassel, entitled a ‘Linguistic Map of Germany’. 1944 Amer. Speech 19 135 The book includes sixteen linguistic maps and nineteen illustrations. 2006 W. Wolfram & N. Schilling-Estes Amer. Eng. (ed. 2) i. 24 The initial hope of the American Dialect Society was to provide a body of data from which a dialect dictionary or series of linguistic maps might be derived. linguistic philosopher n. a person who is concerned with any linguistic aspect of philosophy; spec. a practitioner of linguistic philosophy. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > [noun] > linguistic philosopher linguistic philosopher1850 1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) iii. v. 470 We can scarcely imagine a more interesting subject of speculation to the linguistic philosopher than that which is presented by this class of words. 1890 Academy 22 Nov. 479/2 He [sc. the student of Indo-European grammar] must, in short, be a linguistic philosopher as well as a comparative philologist. 1948 Philos. Sci. 15 316 A well known ‘linguistic philosopher’. 1963 W. H. Walsh Metaphysics i. 16 The brief ascendancy of the Logical Positivists came to an end and their place was taken by the so-called Linguistic Philosophers. 2011 R. Teichmann Nature, Reason, & Good Life v. 175 One feeling often expressed..was the feeling that philosophy would be a pretty poor thing if it were as linguistic philosophers made it out to be. linguistic philosophy n. Philosophy a type of (esp. English-language) philosophy in which the approach to tackling philosophical problems involves attention to linguistic facts; cf. linguistic analysis n.Particularly associated with the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, and with that of J. L. Austin. ΚΠ 1948 Philos. Sci. 15 316 Instead of providing a basis for linguistic philosophy, the assumptions involved in a ‘behavioristic semiotic’ must be grounded on the analyses made by such a philosophy. 1952 Rev. Metaphysics 5 419 The essay that marks Ryle's sober-eyed and reluctant conversion to the linguistic philosophy. 1959 B. Russell in E. Gellner Words & Things (1960) Introd. 15 The linguistic philosophy, which cares only about language, and not about the world, is like the boy who preferred the clock without the pendulum because, although it no longer told the time, it went more easily than before and at a more exhilarating pace. 1987 D. Healey Time of my Life (1990) ii. 28 The fashion at Oxford in my time was for logical positivism and linguistic philosophy, which I regarded as intellectual nosepicking. 2005 A. Quinton in T. Honderich Oxf. Compan. Philos. (new ed.) 522/1 Linguistic philosophy may be regarded either as a variant form, or as a competitor, of analytic philosophy. linguistic profiling n. analysis of the linguistic features of speech or writing as a means of identifying certain characteristics of the speaker or writer (such as social status, ethnicity, etc.).Sometimes with the implication that such analysis is used to discriminate against people of a particular racial or social background. ΚΠ 1983 Speech & Drama 32 30 This book..begins on a general note with an interesting and judicious treatise on the notion of linguistic profiling. 1993 J. R. Beech et al. Assessm. in Speech & Lang. Therapy 226 LARSP constitutes a linguistic profiling procedure resulting in a single-page chart on which patterns of grammatical output can be summarized. 2007 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 4 Oct. 9 There is indeed such a thing as linguistic profiling. It is hardly unknown for a person with what I call a black-cent to be told there are no apartments available when there are some. linguistic psychology n. the psychology of language; the study of this; cf. psycholinguistics n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > interdisciplinary psychology > [noun] > psycholinguistics linguistic psychology1850 psycholinguistics1936 the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [noun] > psycholinguistics or neurolinguistics linguistic psychology1850 psycholinguistics1936 neurolinguistics1961 1850 J. W. Donaldson New Cratylus (ed. 2) i. iii. 54 Outline of linguistic psychology. 1892 H. Swan & V. Betis tr. F. Gouin Art of Teaching & Studying Lang. p. vi This work might not inaptly be entitled ‘The Gift of Languages, and How to Acquire it; being an Investigation into Linguistic Psychology’. 1912 J. R. Kellogg Stud. Ling. Psychol. I. 6 The general field of linguistic psychology. 2000 Transl. & Lit. 9 230 Fundamental issues of linguistic psychology, of aesthetics, of cultural poetics, are at stake. linguistic science n. [ < linguistic adj. + science n., probably after German Sprachwissenschaft (see the note in etymology)] the scientific study of language; linguistics; a branch or type of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] tongue-work1598 glossology1716 philology1716 linguistry1794 logonomy1803 logology1820 linguistic1825 linguistic science1825 linguistics1837 glottology1841 linguistic analysis1848 1825 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Dec. 648 We may hope to see the linguistic science extend itself more and more, and acquire a regularity in its form and principles. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth of Lang. iv. 60 Phonetics, as a branch of linguistic science. 1938 Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1936 27 Philology (which scholars tend more and more to call ‘linguistic science’ or ‘linguistics’). 1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. i. 16 ‘Descriptive linguistics’..is recognized as a separate branch of the linguistic sciences and has come to be known as ‘institutional linguistics’. 2001 L. Sanneh in K. E. Yandell Faith & Narr. 51 Holger Pedersen argues in this connection that modern linguistic science is a child of Christian missionary activity. linguistic scientist n. [ < linguistic adj. + scientist n., after linguistic science n.] an expert in or student of linguistic science; cf. linguist n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > one who studies philologue1594 linguist1605 philologer1653 philologist1695 terminologist1806 glossologist1817 philologian1823 linguister1870 glottologist1874 linguistic scientist1875 linguistician1895 historicist1937 wordster1965 1875 U. J. Bourke Aryan Origin Gaelic Race & Lang. vi. 109 According to this distinguished linguistic scientist [sc. August Schleicher], Irish holds on the tree of early human speech a position next after the eastern and classic off-shoots of the great Aryan tongue. 1934 Amer. Speech 9 88/1 Linguistic scientists will find a rich ground for study if they will stop thinking of the written or printed Standard Language as solely a secondary, or derivative, form of speech. 2008 M. Visser Gift of Thanks i. v. 49 Linguistic scientists assure us that we daily engage in verbal interactions of a complexity they struggle to describe, let alone explain. linguistic stock n. [after French souche de langues (1846 in the passage translated in quot. 1846)] Linguistics a group of language families sharing features thought to indicate a shared origin. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages stocka1727 family1762 linguistic stock1846 linguistic family1847 language group1853 language family1863 Rhaeto-Etruscan1939 macrophylum1958 phylum1958 1846 E. J. Sabine tr. A. von Humboldt Cosmos I. 354 Similarly recurring phenomena; viz. in one and the same race, two or more entirely different families of languages; and in nations differing widely in origin, idioms belonging to the same linguistic stock [Fr. souche de langues]. 1921 E. Sapir Lang. x. 221 What are the most inclusive linguistic groupings, the ‘linguistic stocks’, and what is the distribution of each. 1953 R. L. Beals & H. Hoijer Introd. Anthropol. xvii. 524 As more and more languages are studied and compared intensively with each other, we may expect that the number of linguistic stocks will decrease. 2011 D. H. Kelley & E. F. Milone Exploring Anc. Skies ii. xi. 338/2 The Melanesian and Polynesian language families are grouped together within the great Austronesian linguistic stock. C2. In combination with other adjectives, esp. those relating to academic disciplines, with the sense ‘both linguistic and that which is designated by the second element’, as linguistic-anthropological, linguistic-geographical, linguistic-historical, etc. ΚΠ 1939 C. T. Carr Nominal Compounds in Germanic i. i. 5 Schroeder from the linguistic-geographical point of view lays stress on the meaning and gradual spread of the compounds in the Germanic area. 1962 Romance Philol. Feb. 356 His creative scholarship, which combines the traditional type of Romance philology with a linguistic-anthropological approach. 1978 Language 54 217 The importance of word taboo on the basis of more recent linguistic-anthropological work. 1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 65/1 This is the ‘linguistic-cultural’ view of deafness. 2004 S. O'Sullivan Early Medieval Glosses on Prudentius' ‘Psychomachia’ ii. 33 Bergmann..has endeavoured to classify German glosses according to their linguistic-historical and linguistic-geographical varieties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1801
随便看	take in one's arms take in one's head take in one's stride take in one's way take in or to grievance take in patience take in pieces take in possession take in tax take in the head take in to ill take in tow take in vain take in vow take in water take in wood take in worth take in, or to, evil take indignly take inn take instrument take instruments take into account take into consideration take into custody