lingualadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈlɪŋɡwəl/

Forms: Middle English linguale, Middle English 1600s– lingual.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lingualis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin lingualis of or relating to the tongue (9th cent.), tongue-shaped (13th cent.) < classical Latin lingua tongue (see lingua n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French lingual (1694 as adjective in sense A. 3, 1735 as noun in sense B. 2, 1752 as adjective in sense A. 2a, 1765 as noun in sense B. 1).With the use in sense A. 5, compare later linguistic adj.

A. adj.

†1. Of a cautery: tongue-shaped. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > [adjective] > tongue-shaped

linguala1400

linguiform1753

tongue-shaped1776

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 308 The ix cauterie is clepid linguale [L. cauterium linguale].

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 309 Superfluite of fleisch þat is vpon a mannes browis þou schalt do awei wiþ a cauterie þat is clepid lingual, schape as it were a tunge of a brid.

a. Of or relating to the tongue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > pointed projection

horny1530

styliform1578

styliformed1578

pungent1602

lingual1650

muricate1661

muricated1707

linguiform1753

lingulate1763

triglochin1835

lingular1855

cornual1890

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > tongue

lingual1650

thyrolingual1896

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 143 There are men somewhere who have really a double Tongue, with which they better perform the lingual offices then we do with one.

1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants vi. 289 A Tast is Lingual, Guttural, &c. according to the grosness or fineness or other difference of the Membranes into which the tastable parts are admitted.

1721 tr. L. Heister Compend. Anat. 316 In the outside of the Head we have the Parotides, the Maxillary, Sublingual, Lingual, Labial, Palatine, and Buccal Glands.

1779 Admin. Dissected 45 As soon..as the blood's reflux to the trunk would admit of lingual motion, his Lordship faintly replied,—‘Sir, we have a very good fleet’.

1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxx. 673 The lingual mucous lining seems to be perfectly adapted to gustation.

1880 E. Tietze tr. C. Heinigke Pathogenetic Outl. Homœpathic Drugs 350 Difficulty in finding the suitable, linguistic expressions for ideas.., awkwardness of lingual motion, stuttering speech..belong to the consequences of mercurial poisoning.

1942 H. L. Mencken Diary 1 June (1989) 206 There is a growth of lingual tonsil tissue at the base of my tongue.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xv. 498 In mammals, they [sc. taste buds] are in great measure concentrated on the tongue, where they are commonly present in folds surrounding small lingual elevations, the lingual papillae.

2002 B. L. Davis & P. F. MacNeilage in T. Givón & B. F. Malle Evol. Lang. ii. v. 141 Acoustic studies have..provided support for predominance of mandibular over lingual movement in early syllable-like vocal sequences.

b. Zoology. Of or relating to a tongue-like organ in an invertebrate, esp. the odontophore of a mollusc or the lingua (lingua n. 3) of an insect; designating such an organ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of other parts of

pedal1625

sinistral1803

lingual1826

byssiferous1835

pallial1836

metapodal1853

byssal1854

boreal1856

branchio-parietal1856

odontophorous1870

odontophoral1877

branchio-pallial1880

lentigerous1883

osphradial1883

pleurecbolic1883

pleurembolic1883

byssogenous1886

ctenidial1888

metapodial1890

pseudofaecal1953

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiv. 426 The labial palpi..might with equal propriety be denominated lingual palpi.

1862 J. G. Jeffreys Brit. Conchol. I. 289 The tongue or lingual plate of Cochlicopa.

1882 G. W. Tryon Struct. Conchol. I. 94 At the lower posterior end is situated the lingual sheath, enclosing the odontophore.

1926 U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper No. 142A. 530/1 Lingual dentition nearly like that of Trophon, the lateral teeth having an elongate base of attachment.

1957 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms' Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (rev. ed.) 400 Its ventral surface [sc. of the lingua in a psocid] is thickened locally to form a pair of oval lingual sclerites.

2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies viii. 194 Water vapor condenses on specialized enlarged and movable sclerites, termed lingual sclerites, in the preoral cavity.

c. Chiefly Dentistry. Designating the aspect of a tooth or jawbone that faces the tongue; of, relating to, or located on this aspect.

ΚΠ

1829 T. Bell Anat., Physiol., & Dis. Teeth ii. 299 The longer blade is intended to pass over the tooth, and to be placed on the inner or lingual side of the neck of the tooth.

1877 Dental Cosmos 19 255 We are accustomed to notice the advance [of the disease] made..on the lingual surfaces of the inferior molars.

1921 Jrnl. National Dental Assoc. 8 977/1 The more extreme of these points were the large lingual cusp of the upper right third molar and the distal half of the occluding surface of the lower left second molar.

1966 J. M. Campbell Catal. Menzies Campbell Coll. 13 The bolster..was placed on the buccal, and the claw on the lingual, surface of the tooth which was then dislodged by a sharp outward turn.

2012 Daily Tel. 12 Mar. 26/3 I could have gone for the top dollar option, called lingual braces, which are bonded to the inside of the teeth and hidden.

3. Phonetics. Of a speech sound or articulation: formed by the tongue; (sometimes) spec. = retroflex adj. 2.The term has been variously applied over time. In earliest usage used to designate any sound that requires a certain posture or movement of the tongue, including most vowels and many consonants. In later use often specifically applied to retroflex speech sounds or to certain types of trill or roll (usually opposed to uvular adj. 3a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > lingual

lingual1668

tonguey1859

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iii. xiv. §2. 374 Then u, o, ♉, should be first, as being Labial, and α, a, e, ι, next, as Lingual, or Linguapalatal, and y last, as being Guttural.

1696 J. Edwards Demonstr. Existence God ii. iii. 45 Thence the Hebrews and others divide their Letters into Guttural, Dental, Labial, Lingual, and others are denominated from the Palat.

1773 W. Kenrick Rhetorical Gram. Eng. Lang. 3 in New Dict. Eng. Lang. He would be at no loss to perceive, that the guttural and nasal modes of enunciation are less pleasant than the labial and lingual.

1774 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. (ed. 2) I. iii. iv. 480 The lingual consonants g and r.

1860 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner (1861) 167 Not a lisp, certainly, but the least possible imperfection in articulating some of the lingual sounds.

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. iii. 39 Of conversions involving a change of articulate position, the most important are those of dental sounds to lingual, and, less often, to palatal.

1887 N.E.D. at Burr Writers ignorant of phonology often confuse the Northumberland burr with the entirely different Scotch r, which is a lingual trill.

1919 H. S. Lupold Introd. Lat. II. xiii. 20 The consonant stems are divided into..(2) Lingual stems, ending in t or d.

1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. viii. 205 Any strongly rolled [r] sound, whether lingual or uvular, is not acceptable in RP.

1996 R. D. Kent et al. in N. J. Lass Princ. Exper. Phonetics i. 30 The production of an alveolar lingual plosive (e.g., [t]) is due primarily to movements of the front of the tongue.

†4. Consisting of or characterized by speech; (hence) spoken. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > tongue

lingual1774

glossopharyngeal1823

gloss-epiglottic1847

palatoglossal1850

glossal1860

labiolingual1865

glosso-laryngeal1868

orolingual1891

glosso-kinaesthetic1939

1677 F. Bampfield All in One 136 Man is the Articulate Trumpeter of the Creators Praises, the lingual Glory of the World, sounding forth the shining excellencies of Jehovah Aelohim.

1770 Town & Country Mag. 2 Suppl. 701/2 The lingual dispute was determined by manual arguments; or, to speak more plainly.., both parties fell to boxing.

1774 Westm. Mag. 2 456 I was advised to take a country lodging for the benefit of the air; but as a lingual noise is not the only one I dislike, I was for ever changing my situation.

5. Of or relating to language; linguistic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [adjective]

linguistic1801

linguistical1801

glottic1802

lingual1813

1775 J. Steele Ess. Melody & Meas. Speech Pref. p. xiii What very great advantages might arise to the lingual and literary commerce of the world, by a set of learned men sitting down, under some respectable authority, to reform the alphabet.

1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. v. 1311 If others yet no language knew, Then, tell me, whence their lingual talent grew.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 473 He [sc. a tongueless boy] underwent a strict examination as to..the lingual powers he still possessed.

1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 79 Your talk is not a mere exhibition of lingual dexterity; it means something.

1923 T. P. Terry Terry's Guide to Mexico (rev. ed.) p. xxi Spanish..presents few if any of the knotty lingual problems of French or English.

1955 J. Kerouac Let. 19 Aug. in J. Kerouac & A. Ginsberg Lett. (2010) 318 I want your lingual spontaneity or nothing.

2008 K. Newlin H. Garland ii. 31 Seniors..buttressed their lingual skills with French and German.

B. n.

1. Phonetics. A lingual sound (see sense A. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual

lingual1668

linguality1852

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iii. xiv. §2. 374 In conformity with the common Alphabets, I begin [in enumerating the vowels] with the Linguals.

a1709 W. Baxter Let. in Reliquiæ Baxterianæ (1726) 409 The second Sort I call Linguals, which are proper to Mankind, and borrowed by Imitation from animal and other Sounds.

1776 J. Richardson Gram. Arabick Lang. iii. 8 The dentals and linguals are called solar letters, the rest lunar.

1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 261 Four linguals, zhim, shal, zed, and sin.

1843 S. B. Goodenow Systematic Text-bk. Eng. Gram. (rev. ed.) i. i. 11 The long open lingual is heard in air;—the short in fat.

1871 W. A. Hammond Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. 36 The linguals and labials among letters are particularly troublesome.

1913 C. Bluemel Stammering & Cognate Defects of Speech II. v. 188 If the point of the tongue were not to leave the palate, the speaker would be unable to pronounce the linguals.

1993 J. L. Locke Child's Path to Spoken Lang. (1995) ix. 373 Lack of motor control over linguals in babbling.

2. Anatomy. A lingual nerve; a lingual artery or vein.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > [noun]

sinew1398

nervea1400

cordc1400

chord?1541

line1611

lingual1778

1778 Anat. Dialogues 39 [The par vagum] sends off..large branches, which are variously implicated in the neck, thorax and abdomen; with the linguals, the cervicals, and the intercostals.

1853 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art 1252/2 The tongue is largely supplied by blood vessels,..its veins emptying into the great linguals.

1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. iii. i. 345 Here the sensory lingual was evidently the means of causing motor effects.

1926 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Nov. 825/2 Sometimes it is necessary to tie both linguals or both external carotids.

2008 Auris Nasus Larynx 39 498/2 With respect to the recipient arteries, the superior thyroid was used in 7 patients, the lingual was used in 5.

Compounds

lingual artery n. [after post-classical Latin arteria lingualis (1724 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the tongue.

ΚΠ

1750 Compl. Syst. Blood-vessels & Nerves sig. E/1 The lingual artery, covered by the veins and the ceratoglossus muscle.

1830 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 300 The constrictor medius is covered, in its outer surface, by the hyo-glossus and lingual artery externally.

1910 C. R. Whittaker Man. Surg. Anat. i. 53 In the substance of the tongue only two anastomoses take place between the lingual arteries.

2010 Interventional Neuroradiol. 16 103/1 Aneurysms of the lingual artery (LA) are particularly rare.

lingual bone n. [after post-classical Latin os linguale (1752 (in plural ossa lingualia) or earlier)] (a) Anatomy and Zoology the hyoid bone or (in early use) a segment of this; (also) a bone of the hyoid apparatus, esp. in fishes or birds; (now rare); (b) Dentistry the bone forming part of the lingual aspect of the jaws.

ΚΠ

1765 tr. G. van Swieten Comm. Aphorisms Boerhaave XIII. 60 The lingual bones too, of the same person, he observes, were affected.

1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 227 The body of this lingual bone is curved in its form.

1899 Lancet 14 Jan. 97/2 The teeth of the lower jaw occupy the dentary bone and the lingual bone.

1931 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia, Oral Surg. & Radiogr. 17 486 After the roots of the teeth have been cut across together with the labial and lingual bone.

1990 Condor 92 11/1 Five extrinsic lingual muscles are present, connecting the lingual bones to the jaws, the larynx and trachea or other elements.

2008 C. Gorrel Small Animal Dentistry xxix. 160/2 (caption) Buccal and lingual bone was removed to facilitate extraction..of lower canines and incisors.

lingual nerve n. [after post-classical Latin nervus lingualis (1732 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.

ΚΠ

1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 180 It makes various plexures with the lingual, cervical, and intercostal Nerves.

1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. xi. 379 The branch of this, proceeding to the tongue, is known as the lingual nerve.

1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck xv. 116 (caption) As soon as the thin buccinator muscle is traversed 0.5 cc. of local anaesthetic solution is at once injected: this will anaesthetise the lingual nerve and usually the long buccal nerve as well.

2001 Clin. Anat. 14 282 Although..complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is not uncommon, the combination with a medial course of the lingual nerve has not been described.

lingual ribbon n. [after French ruban lingual (1808 or earlier)] Zoology the odontophore or radula of a mollusc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc

ungulaa1382

mantlea1475

trunk1661

diaphragm1665

lid1681

operculum1681

ear1688

beard1697

corslet1753

scar1793

opercle1808

pleura1826

pallium1834

byssus1835

cephalic ganglia1835–6

opercule1836

lingual ribbon1839

tube1839

cloak1842

test1842

collar1847

testa1847

rachis1851

uncinus1851

land-shell1853

mantle cavity1853

mesopodium1853

propodium1853

radula1853

malacology1854

gill comb1861

pallial cavity1862

tongue-tootha1877

mesopode1877

odontophore1877

pallial chamber1877

shell-gland1877

rasp1879

protopodium1880

ctenidium1883

osphradium1883

shell-sac1883

tooth-ribbon1883

megalaesthete1885

rachidian1900

scungille1953

tentacle-sheath-

1839 Boston Jrnl. Nat. Hist. 2 188 Between these lips, a narrow, black, lingual ribbon is constantly in motion.

1880 A. S. Packard Zoology (rev. ed.) 272 Mouth with pharyngeal teeth and a lingual ribbon.

1955 Bios 26 100 One of the most unique and important structures in this phylum is the radula, also known as the lingual ribbon.

2005 A. Saxena Text Bk. Mollusca i. 36 The buccal cavity contains a brownish.., curved, ribbon-like structure, called the radula or lingual ribbon.

lingual tooth n. [after French dent linguale (1805 or earlier; originally and chiefly in plural dents linguales)] Zoology (a) any of the teeth borne on the tongues of fishes and some other vertebrates; (b) any of the teeth of the radula or odontophore of a mollusc.

ΚΠ

1810 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XIV. at Fish The palatine and lingual teeth are absent in others, as the genus gadus, the gurnards (except the trigla volitans), the eels, turbot, sole, and dory.

1880 R. Rimmer Land & Freshwater Shells 23 Central lingual tooth minute.

1931 Jrnl. Paleontol. 5 231 They [sc. conodonts] somewhat resemble the lingual teeth of mollusks, the hooks of cephalopods, or the spines of crustacea.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xiii. 199 (caption) The lingual (tongue) teeth of a hagfish.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lingual
释义	lingualadj.n. Brit. /ˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/ Forms: Middle English linguale, Middle English 1600s– lingual. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lingualis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin lingualis of or relating to the tongue (9th cent.), tongue-shaped (13th cent.) < classical Latin lingua tongue (see lingua n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French lingual (1694 as adjective in sense A. 3, 1735 as noun in sense B. 2, 1752 as adjective in sense A. 2a, 1765 as noun in sense B. 1).With the use in sense A. 5, compare later linguistic adj. A. adj. †1. Of a cautery: tongue-shaped. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > [adjective] > tongue-shaped linguala1400 linguiform1753 tongue-shaped1776 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 308 The ix cauterie is clepid linguale [L. cauterium linguale]. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 309 Superfluite of fleisch þat is vpon a mannes browis þou schalt do awei wiþ a cauterie þat is clepid lingual, schape as it were a tunge of a brid. 2. a. Of or relating to the tongue. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > pointed projection horny1530 styliform1578 styliformed1578 pungent1602 lingual1650 muricate1661 muricated1707 linguiform1753 lingulate1763 triglochin1835 lingular1855 cornual1890 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > tongue lingual1650 thyrolingual1896 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 143 There are men somewhere who have really a double Tongue, with which they better perform the lingual offices then we do with one. 1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants vi. 289 A Tast is Lingual, Guttural, &c. according to the grosness or fineness or other difference of the Membranes into which the tastable parts are admitted. 1721 tr. L. Heister Compend. Anat. 316 In the outside of the Head we have the Parotides, the Maxillary, Sublingual, Lingual, Labial, Palatine, and Buccal Glands. 1779 Admin. Dissected 45 As soon..as the blood's reflux to the trunk would admit of lingual motion, his Lordship faintly replied,—‘Sir, we have a very good fleet’. 1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxx. 673 The lingual mucous lining seems to be perfectly adapted to gustation. 1880 E. Tietze tr. C. Heinigke Pathogenetic Outl. Homœpathic Drugs 350 Difficulty in finding the suitable, linguistic expressions for ideas.., awkwardness of lingual motion, stuttering speech..belong to the consequences of mercurial poisoning. 1942 H. L. Mencken Diary 1 June (1989) 206 There is a growth of lingual tonsil tissue at the base of my tongue. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xv. 498 In mammals, they [sc. taste buds] are in great measure concentrated on the tongue, where they are commonly present in folds surrounding small lingual elevations, the lingual papillae. 2002 B. L. Davis & P. F. MacNeilage in T. Givón & B. F. Malle Evol. Lang. ii. v. 141 Acoustic studies have..provided support for predominance of mandibular over lingual movement in early syllable-like vocal sequences. b. Zoology. Of or relating to a tongue-like organ in an invertebrate, esp. the odontophore of a mollusc or the lingua (lingua n. 3) of an insect; designating such an organ. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of other parts of pedal1625 sinistral1803 lingual1826 byssiferous1835 pallial1836 metapodal1853 byssal1854 boreal1856 branchio-parietal1856 odontophorous1870 odontophoral1877 branchio-pallial1880 lentigerous1883 osphradial1883 pleurecbolic1883 pleurembolic1883 byssogenous1886 ctenidial1888 metapodial1890 pseudofaecal1953 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiv. 426 The labial palpi..might with equal propriety be denominated lingual palpi. 1862 J. G. Jeffreys Brit. Conchol. I. 289 The tongue or lingual plate of Cochlicopa. 1882 G. W. Tryon Struct. Conchol. I. 94 At the lower posterior end is situated the lingual sheath, enclosing the odontophore. 1926 U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper No. 142A. 530/1 Lingual dentition nearly like that of Trophon, the lateral teeth having an elongate base of attachment. 1957 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms' Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (rev. ed.) 400 Its ventral surface [sc. of the lingua in a psocid] is thickened locally to form a pair of oval lingual sclerites. 2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies viii. 194 Water vapor condenses on specialized enlarged and movable sclerites, termed lingual sclerites, in the preoral cavity. c. Chiefly Dentistry. Designating the aspect of a tooth or jawbone that faces the tongue; of, relating to, or located on this aspect. ΚΠ 1829 T. Bell Anat., Physiol., & Dis. Teeth ii. 299 The longer blade is intended to pass over the tooth, and to be placed on the inner or lingual side of the neck of the tooth. 1877 Dental Cosmos 19 255 We are accustomed to notice the advance [of the disease] made..on the lingual surfaces of the inferior molars. 1921 Jrnl. National Dental Assoc. 8 977/1 The more extreme of these points were the large lingual cusp of the upper right third molar and the distal half of the occluding surface of the lower left second molar. 1966 J. M. Campbell Catal. Menzies Campbell Coll. 13 The bolster..was placed on the buccal, and the claw on the lingual, surface of the tooth which was then dislodged by a sharp outward turn. 2012 Daily Tel. 12 Mar. 26/3 I could have gone for the top dollar option, called lingual braces, which are bonded to the inside of the teeth and hidden. 3. Phonetics. Of a speech sound or articulation: formed by the tongue; (sometimes) spec. = retroflex adj. 2.The term has been variously applied over time. In earliest usage used to designate any sound that requires a certain posture or movement of the tongue, including most vowels and many consonants. In later use often specifically applied to retroflex speech sounds or to certain types of trill or roll (usually opposed to uvular adj. 3a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > lingual lingual1668 tonguey1859 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iii. xiv. §2. 374 Then u, o, ♉, should be first, as being Labial, and α, a, e, ι, next, as Lingual, or Linguapalatal, and y last, as being Guttural. 1696 J. Edwards Demonstr. Existence God ii. iii. 45 Thence the Hebrews and others divide their Letters into Guttural, Dental, Labial, Lingual, and others are denominated from the Palat. 1773 W. Kenrick Rhetorical Gram. Eng. Lang. 3 in New Dict. Eng. Lang. He would be at no loss to perceive, that the guttural and nasal modes of enunciation are less pleasant than the labial and lingual. 1774 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. (ed. 2) I. iii. iv. 480 The lingual consonants g and r. 1860 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner (1861) 167 Not a lisp, certainly, but the least possible imperfection in articulating some of the lingual sounds. 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. iii. 39 Of conversions involving a change of articulate position, the most important are those of dental sounds to lingual, and, less often, to palatal. 1887 N.E.D. at Burr Writers ignorant of phonology often confuse the Northumberland burr with the entirely different Scotch r, which is a lingual trill. 1919 H. S. Lupold Introd. Lat. II. xiii. 20 The consonant stems are divided into..(2) Lingual stems, ending in t or d. 1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. viii. 205 Any strongly rolled [r] sound, whether lingual or uvular, is not acceptable in RP. 1996 R. D. Kent et al. in N. J. Lass Princ. Exper. Phonetics i. 30 The production of an alveolar lingual plosive (e.g., [t]) is due primarily to movements of the front of the tongue. †4. Consisting of or characterized by speech; (hence) spoken. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > tongue lingual1774 glossopharyngeal1823 gloss-epiglottic1847 palatoglossal1850 glossal1860 labiolingual1865 glosso-laryngeal1868 orolingual1891 glosso-kinaesthetic1939 1677 F. Bampfield All in One 136 Man is the Articulate Trumpeter of the Creators Praises, the lingual Glory of the World, sounding forth the shining excellencies of Jehovah Aelohim. 1770 Town & Country Mag. 2 Suppl. 701/2 The lingual dispute was determined by manual arguments; or, to speak more plainly.., both parties fell to boxing. 1774 Westm. Mag. 2 456 I was advised to take a country lodging for the benefit of the air; but as a lingual noise is not the only one I dislike, I was for ever changing my situation. 5. Of or relating to language; linguistic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [adjective] linguistic1801 linguistical1801 glottic1802 lingual1813 1775 J. Steele Ess. Melody & Meas. Speech Pref. p. xiii What very great advantages might arise to the lingual and literary commerce of the world, by a set of learned men sitting down, under some respectable authority, to reform the alphabet. 1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. v. 1311 If others yet no language knew, Then, tell me, whence their lingual talent grew. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 473 He [sc. a tongueless boy] underwent a strict examination as to..the lingual powers he still possessed. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 79 Your talk is not a mere exhibition of lingual dexterity; it means something. 1923 T. P. Terry Terry's Guide to Mexico (rev. ed.) p. xxi Spanish..presents few if any of the knotty lingual problems of French or English. 1955 J. Kerouac Let. 19 Aug. in J. Kerouac & A. Ginsberg Lett. (2010) 318 I want your lingual spontaneity or nothing. 2008 K. Newlin H. Garland ii. 31 Seniors..buttressed their lingual skills with French and German. B. n. 1. Phonetics. A lingual sound (see sense A. 3). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual lingual1668 linguality1852 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iii. xiv. §2. 374 In conformity with the common Alphabets, I begin [in enumerating the vowels] with the Linguals. a1709 W. Baxter Let. in Reliquiæ Baxterianæ (1726) 409 The second Sort I call Linguals, which are proper to Mankind, and borrowed by Imitation from animal and other Sounds. 1776 J. Richardson Gram. Arabick Lang. iii. 8 The dentals and linguals are called solar letters, the rest lunar. 1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 261 Four linguals, zhim, shal, zed, and sin. 1843 S. B. Goodenow Systematic Text-bk. Eng. Gram. (rev. ed.) i. i. 11 The long open lingual is heard in air;—the short in fat. 1871 W. A. Hammond Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. 36 The linguals and labials among letters are particularly troublesome. 1913 C. Bluemel Stammering & Cognate Defects of Speech II. v. 188 If the point of the tongue were not to leave the palate, the speaker would be unable to pronounce the linguals. 1993 J. L. Locke Child's Path to Spoken Lang. (1995) ix. 373 Lack of motor control over linguals in babbling. 2. Anatomy. A lingual nerve; a lingual artery or vein. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > [noun] sinew1398 nervea1400 cordc1400 chord?1541 line1611 lingual1778 1778 Anat. Dialogues 39 [The par vagum] sends off..large branches, which are variously implicated in the neck, thorax and abdomen; with the linguals, the cervicals, and the intercostals. 1853 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art 1252/2 The tongue is largely supplied by blood vessels,..its veins emptying into the great linguals. 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. iii. i. 345 Here the sensory lingual was evidently the means of causing motor effects. 1926 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Nov. 825/2 Sometimes it is necessary to tie both linguals or both external carotids. 2008 Auris Nasus Larynx 39 498/2 With respect to the recipient arteries, the superior thyroid was used in 7 patients, the lingual was used in 5. Compounds lingual artery n. [after post-classical Latin arteria lingualis (1724 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the tongue. ΚΠ 1750 Compl. Syst. Blood-vessels & Nerves sig. E/1 The lingual artery, covered by the veins and the ceratoglossus muscle. 1830 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 300 The constrictor medius is covered, in its outer surface, by the hyo-glossus and lingual artery externally. 1910 C. R. Whittaker Man. Surg. Anat. i. 53 In the substance of the tongue only two anastomoses take place between the lingual arteries. 2010 Interventional Neuroradiol. 16 103/1 Aneurysms of the lingual artery (LA) are particularly rare. lingual bone n. [after post-classical Latin os linguale (1752 (in plural ossa lingualia) or earlier)] (a) Anatomy and Zoology the hyoid bone or (in early use) a segment of this; (also) a bone of the hyoid apparatus, esp. in fishes or birds; (now rare); (b) Dentistry the bone forming part of the lingual aspect of the jaws. ΚΠ 1765 tr. G. van Swieten Comm. Aphorisms Boerhaave XIII. 60 The lingual bones too, of the same person, he observes, were affected. 1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 227 The body of this lingual bone is curved in its form. 1899 Lancet 14 Jan. 97/2 The teeth of the lower jaw occupy the dentary bone and the lingual bone. 1931 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia, Oral Surg. & Radiogr. 17 486 After the roots of the teeth have been cut across together with the labial and lingual bone. 1990 Condor 92 11/1 Five extrinsic lingual muscles are present, connecting the lingual bones to the jaws, the larynx and trachea or other elements. 2008 C. Gorrel Small Animal Dentistry xxix. 160/2 (caption) Buccal and lingual bone was removed to facilitate extraction..of lower canines and incisors. lingual nerve n. [after post-classical Latin nervus lingualis (1732 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. ΚΠ 1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 180 It makes various plexures with the lingual, cervical, and intercostal Nerves. 1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. xi. 379 The branch of this, proceeding to the tongue, is known as the lingual nerve. 1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck xv. 116 (caption) As soon as the thin buccinator muscle is traversed 0.5 cc. of local anaesthetic solution is at once injected: this will anaesthetise the lingual nerve and usually the long buccal nerve as well. 2001 Clin. Anat. 14 282 Although..complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is not uncommon, the combination with a medial course of the lingual nerve has not been described. lingual ribbon n. [after French ruban lingual (1808 or earlier)] Zoology the odontophore or radula of a mollusc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc ungulaa1382 mantlea1475 trunk1661 diaphragm1665 lid1681 operculum1681 ear1688 beard1697 corslet1753 scar1793 opercle1808 pleura1826 pallium1834 byssus1835 cephalic ganglia1835–6 opercule1836 lingual ribbon1839 tube1839 cloak1842 test1842 collar1847 testa1847 rachis1851 uncinus1851 land-shell1853 mantle cavity1853 mesopodium1853 propodium1853 radula1853 malacology1854 gill comb1861 pallial cavity1862 tongue-tootha1877 mesopode1877 odontophore1877 pallial chamber1877 shell-gland1877 rasp1879 protopodium1880 ctenidium1883 osphradium1883 shell-sac1883 tooth-ribbon1883 megalaesthete1885 rachidian1900 scungille1953 tentacle-sheath- 1839 Boston Jrnl. Nat. Hist. 2 188 Between these lips, a narrow, black, lingual ribbon is constantly in motion. 1880 A. S. Packard Zoology (rev. ed.) 272 Mouth with pharyngeal teeth and a lingual ribbon. 1955 Bios 26 100 One of the most unique and important structures in this phylum is the radula, also known as the lingual ribbon. 2005 A. Saxena Text Bk. Mollusca i. 36 The buccal cavity contains a brownish.., curved, ribbon-like structure, called the radula or lingual ribbon. lingual tooth n. [after French dent linguale (1805 or earlier; originally and chiefly in plural dents linguales)] Zoology (a) any of the teeth borne on the tongues of fishes and some other vertebrates; (b) any of the teeth of the radula or odontophore of a mollusc. ΚΠ 1810 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XIV. at Fish The palatine and lingual teeth are absent in others, as the genus gadus, the gurnards (except the trigla volitans), the eels, turbot, sole, and dory. 1880 R. Rimmer Land & Freshwater Shells 23 Central lingual tooth minute. 1931 Jrnl. Paleontol. 5 231 They [sc. conodonts] somewhat resemble the lingual teeth of mollusks, the hooks of cephalopods, or the spines of crustacea. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xiii. 199 (caption) The lingual (tongue) teeth of a hagfish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : -lingualcomb. form < adj.n.a1400 see also
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lingualadj.n.

Compounds

> see also