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单词 at will
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at will
d. at will (also at a person's will).
(a) According to a person's volition or choice; as, when, where, or how one likes or chooses. †Also occasionally: of one's own free will, voluntarily (obsolete).
(i) With possessive, in at one's own will (also (now rare) at one's will). Also †at God's will.at one's own sweet will: see sweet adj. 8d.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11458 He shall himm brinngenn onn. To don summ hæfedd sinne. All hise þannkess. all unnnedd All att hiss flæshess wille.
c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) l. 19 Al at his wille he wole þe lede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6136 Ma sacrifice your lauerd vntill, Quar yee wil at your aun will.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 257 At goddys wylle muste hyt bene.
1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme 67 b God alone is able at his owne will to geue what soeuer he hath appointed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 17 We put a Sting in him, That at his will he may doe danger with. View more context for this quotation
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 218 Allowing the Pope Power to grant to such his Bulls or Pall at his own will.
a1721 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (1742) II. 133 Enjoying sweetest Liberty, And roving at my Will.
1825 tr. C.-M. Catherinet de Villemarest Hermit in Italy III. xlv. 107 I was able to meditate at my own will, without dreading any disturbance.
1927 B. Vanzetti Let. 25 Apr. in N. Sacco & B. Vanzetti Lett. (1997) ii. iv. 249 Few days ago it was stenographated, with the understanding that we will correct and modify it at our own will.
2002 S. Blackhall Fower Quarters i. 10 Gilderoy herriet Cromar at his will frae the weet, dreepin waas o yon cave.
2018 Pakistan Law Reporter (Nexis) 7 Dec. The victim stated that she at her own will went out with the accused petitioner.
(ii) Without possessive, in at will.
ΚΠ
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 1464 Kniȝtes suiþe snelle..schrudde hem at wille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 19324 Na strinth did þai þaim till, For þai come wid þaim all at will.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. avv Al yai that ar wrocht vndir ye hie hevin Micht nocht warne thame at wil to ische nor entre.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 144 They wander at will, and stray at pleasure.
1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 42 [He] geveth out that he is not the Companies servant, but at will.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. vii. 39 Holding Corioles in the name of Rome, Euen like a fawning Grey-hound in the Leash, To let him slip at will . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 295 Nature here Wantond as in her prime, and plaid at will Her Virgin Fancies. View more context for this quotation
1825 W. Wordsworth To Skylark 5 Thy nest which thou canst drop into at will.
1888 F. H. Bradley in Mind Jan. 27 And if we think of various sensations in parts of our bodies we can produce them at will.
2001 Ski Feb. 53/3 The private club area attracts mostly families who want a place where they can let their kids roam at will.
(b) Chiefly without possessive, as at will. According to one's desire, as one wishes or likes; esp. (used predicatively or as complement, of wind or weather) favourable. Obsolete. Also (Scottish) at all will (in form at a' will): as much as one could wish for. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records the phrase with all as still in use in Shetland and north-eastern Scotland in 1974.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb]
to one's willOE
by one's willOE
self-willesOE
after a person's willOE
a-willc1275
at willc1300
at one's (own) liberty1426
ad placituma1556
at pleasure1579
ad libitum1606
arbitrarilya1626
arbitrariously1653
discretionally1655
ad arbitrium1663
voluntarily1676
discretionarily1681
antecedently1682
discretionary?1707
ad lib1791
at one's own sweet will1802
at choice1817
at no allowance1858
the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will
in one's free will?c1225
at a person's willc1300
abandonc1330
freely1340
wilfully1340
contingently1601
electively1636
facultatively1887
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > fine weather > [phrase] > (of weather or wind) as one wishes
on willOE
at a person's willc1300
the mind > emotion > pleasure > contentment or satisfaction > [adverb] > so as to content or satisfy > to one's satisfaction
to one's willOE
a-willc1275
at a person's willc1300
fillc1300
to payc1300
at, to greec1374
with or upon one's wish or wishes1390
agreea1425
at wisha1525
to (one's) wish (rarely wishes)1586
to one's heart's content1600
wishfully1607
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 12795 Wind heom stod at wille [c1275 Calig. on wille], muriest alre wedere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2243 Quen þai at wil had festend grund, Þe wark þai raised in a stund.
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 492 All þat nedes ȝou vntill Sal ȝe haue at ȝour awne wyll.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.vjv Thus haue ye had the goddes at wyl.
1579 T. Stevens Let. 10 Nov. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 161 Our Pilot..thinking himselfe to haue wind at will.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) At a' will, to the utmost extent of one's inclination or desire.
1929 in Sc. National Dict. (1976) X. (at cited word) [Banffshire] Ye wis crying for frost; I think ye've gotten't at a' wull.
(c) With or without possessive or of-complement. In readiness to be dealt with as one will; at one's command or disposal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > [phrase] > in one's possession and control
to one's willOE
at a person's willc1300
a-willc1450
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > in preparation [phrase] > in a state of preparation or readiness > ready for use > as one wishes
at a person's willc1300
with or upon one's wish or wishes1390
at wisha1525
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 271 He hauede taken þis oth Of erles, baruns..forto hauen alle at his cri, At his wille, at his merci.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 836 Al is yowre awen, to haue at yowre wylle & welde.
?a1475 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 147 Whyle I had my streyngth at wyll, ffull many a man I dyd vnreste.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 33 (MED) Whenne he lyste, she was all atte his wille.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 7 With wealth yenough and pastures wyde at wyll.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. iii. 13 Sir, my life is yours, I humbly set it at your will . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 377 These mid-hours, till Eevning rise I have at will . View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 202 What is his creation less Than a capacious reservoir of means Formed for his use, and ready at his will?
1913 M. Roberts Salt of Sea ix. 218 At sunset the wind failed and left me at the will of the tides.
2001 E. Mulvihill in M. Hickey Irish Days (2004) 248 It's a pity you never met old Thomas Hanley. He was a hive of information. He had words at will.
(d) Without possessive, as at will. Used with reference to an estate held while the owner or lessor is agreeable to the arrangement, and from which the tenant may be dismissed at any time, chiefly in estate at will at estate n. 11a, tenant at will n. Hence in extended use with reference to a worker whose employment can be terminated at any time at the employer's wish.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [phrase] > at will
at a person's will1450
1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §17. m. 6 Grauntes of..annuitees, made by you of estate of enheritaunce, for terme of lif, or terme of yeris, or at wille.
1589 in Trans. Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæol. Soc. (N.S.) 20 222 Which castell..John glaisters balyfe there occupyethe at will and ought to pay yerely the said rents.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 149 For we are their true Landlords still, And they our Tenants but at will.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. ix. 145 An estate at will is where lands and tenements are let by one man to another, to have and to hold at the will of the lessor.
1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 52 The largest farm is held at will.
1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. xiii. 174 The customary occupation was reduced to a tenancy at will.
1987 Suffolk Univ. Law Rev. 21 524 (note) Person appealing action for possession of tenements let, held at will, or by sufferance, must post bond to plaintiff.
1994 M. Yates Power on Job ix. 223 The common law doctrine of at-will employment was first used by judges in the 1870s.
2008 San Francisco Chron. 2 July b1/6 The city administrator serves ‘at will’—meaning the mayor has the authority to fire her without giving a reason.
extracted from willn.1
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