lichenn.

Brit.

/ˈlʌɪk(ə)n/,

/ˈlɪtʃ(ᵻ)n/, U.S.

/ˈlaɪkən/

Etymology: < Latin līchēn, < Greek λειχήν in all the senses below. Compare French lichen, Spanish liquen, Italian lichene. Not in Johnson. The pronunciation /ˈlɪtʃən/ is given in Smart without alternative, and most of the later dictionaries allow it a second place; but it is now rare in educated use.

†1. = liverwort n.; the lichens and liverworts having formerly been included in the same group.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > liverwort

liverwortOE

hepatica1548

lichen1601

Marchantia1754

hepatic1939

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 245 Another kind of Lichen or Liuerwort there is, cleauing wholly fast vpon rockes and stones in manner of moss.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Lichen, liverwort in botany, the name of a genus of mosses.

1759 B. Stillingfleet tr. C. Gedner Of Use of Curiosity in Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. 145 The vertues of the lichenes or liverworts upon animate bodies..are not inconsiderable.

2. One of a group of composite organisms (previously classified as a plant and included in the former taxonomic division Cryptogamia), often of a green, grey, or yellow tint, which grow on the surface of rocks, trees, etc. Also collective.According to the modern theory, now generally accepted, the lichen is a fungus parasitic upon an algal, whose form is somewhat modified by the influence of the parasite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun]

lichen1715

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 169 As well in this wild kind as in planted Plum trees of the hortyard, there is to be found a certain skinny gum, in Greek called Lichen, which hath a wonderfull operation to cure the rhagadies or chaps.]

1715 J. Delacoste tr. H. Boerhaave Aphorisms 313 The famous earthy ash-colour'd moss call'd Lichen.

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 29 Where frowning Snowden bends his dizzy brow..Retiring lichen climbs the topmost stone.

1796 S. T. Coleridge To Young Friend 4 Where..coloured lichens with slow oosing weep.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 325 Lichens are distinguished by their want of a distinct axis of growth.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) viii. 320 Aged trees covered with lichen, as if the relics of a primeval forest long since cleared away.

1887 Algie Guide to Forres 66 The coral-like gray lichen.

1893 R. Bridges Shorter Poems v. Winnowers 8 The red roofs nestle, oversprent With lichen yellow as gold.

3. Pathology.

a. A skin disease, characterized by an eruption of reddish solid papules over a more or less limited area.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > lichen

lichen1657

prickly heat1740

lichen simplex1798

lichen simplex chronicus1798

summer rash1798

nettle-lichen1822

blight1864

lichen planus1866

1657 Physical Dict. Lichen, a tetter, or ringworm.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Lichen, a cutaneous Distemper, in many respects the same with a Leprosy.

1842 T. H. Burgess tr. P. L. A. Cazenave & H. E. Schedel Man. Dis. Skin 189 Lichen is not confined to any period of life, or to either sex.

1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Many authors regard lichen, strophulus, and eczema, as forms of the same disease.

b. With modern Latin adjectives, as lichen planus n. a skin disease characterized by an eruption of wide, flat-topped, shiny, purple-coloured papules. lichen simplex n. (a) a type of eczema characterized by the presence of small red papules; (b) ( lichen simplex chronicus) a disorder characterized by areas of lichenification.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > lichen

lichen1657

prickly heat1740

lichen simplex1798

lichen simplex chronicus1798

summer rash1798

nettle-lichen1822

blight1864

lichen planus1866

1798 R. Willan Descr. & Treatm. Cutaneous Dis. i. 41 The extent of the disease being thus limited, I shall proceed to describe the varieties of it, which have occurred to my observation, under the denominations of Lichen Simplex, Lichen Agrius, Lichen Pilaris, Lichen Lividus, and Lichen Tropicus.

1842 T. H. Burgess tr. P. L. A. Cazenave & H. E. Schedel Man. Dis. Skin 191 Acute lichen simplex requires no other treatment than diluents and tepid baths.

1866 E. Wilson in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Oct. 399/1 (heading) On lichen planus: the lichen ruber of Hebra.

1910 C. F. Marshall tr. E. Gaucher Dis. Skin 101 Lichen simplex may occur on all parts of the body, but it chiefly affects the forearms and dorsal surface of the hands, the neck and shoulders, the external and posterior surfaces of the legs, and the internal surface of the thighs.

1934 E. S. Dore & J. L. Franklin Dis. Skin viii. 121 Lichen planus is generally a chronic complaint.

1966 W. D. Stewart et al. Synopsis Dermatol. xxvi. 485 Lichen simplex chronicus..is a common pruritic disorder resulting in a localized patch of dermatitis that has a characteristic lichenification.

1971 Acta Dermato-venereologica LII. 216/1 In an epidemiologic house-to-house survey..in Kerala in South India, 7639 individuals were examined for oral lichen planus.

†4. After a Latin use in Pliny: A callous excrescence on the leg of a horse or ass (? = chestnut n. 5). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > caused by tumours > tumour

spavin1426

ringbonec1465

blood spavin?1523

curb?1523

serew?1523

splint?1523

thorough-serewe?1523

thorough spavin?1523

windgall?1523

bone spavin1566

boneshavea1585

grape1600

surot1601

hough-bony1607

lichen1607

gorge1610

bog-spavin1631

splint-bone1704

splinter1704

star1710

fuseec1720

jardonc1720

osseletc1720

jarde1727

thorough-pin1789

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 27 There is a collection of certaine hard matter about an asses legges, called Lichen, which if it be burned and beaten and put into old oyle, will cause haires to grow out of baldnes.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 81 The fume of the lichens, helps the falling sickness.

Compounds

C1. Simple attributive, as (sense 2).

lichen-dust n.

ΚΠ

1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. vii. 143 He snapped the lichen-dust from his fingers.

lichen-flora n.

ΚΠ

1857 W. A. Leighton (title) The Lichen-Flora of Great Britain.

lichen-fungus n.

ΚΠ

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 273 Algæ..known as the hosts of Lichen-fungi.

lichen-moss n.

lichen-spot n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 103 The silver lichen-spots rest, star-like, on the stone.

lichen-thallus n.

ΚΠ

1856 W. L. Lindsay Pop. Hist. Brit. Lichens 39 The..tissues of the Lichen-thallus.

lichen-tuft n.

ΚΠ

1832 R. Cattermole Beckett 191 Ashes..gray with lichen-tufts.

lichen-eczema n.

ΚΠ

1900 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. XI. 195 The patient had suffered from lichen-eczema from the age of 20.

lichen-spot n.

ΚΠ

1897 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. VIII. 223 The initial stage was a lichen spot, of which there were many around the patches.

C2.

lichen-acid n. any lichen substance which is an acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > acids obtained from lichens > [noun]

lichenic acid1836

lichen-acid1893

lichen substance1900

1893 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 497 (heading) New lichen-acid.

1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens viii. 119 Lichen acids and pigments increase the opacity of the upper cortex.

lichen substance n. any of about 65 compounds, most of which are acids, which are found uniquely in lichens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > acids obtained from lichens > [noun]

lichenic acid1836

lichen-acid1893

lichen substance1900

1900 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 235 (heading) Lichen-substances.

1954 Y. Asahina & S. Shibata (title) Chemistry of lichen substances.

1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens viii. 111 The depsides..make up the largest group of lichen substances.

C3. Instrumental.

lichen-clad adj.

ΚΠ

1848 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) I. 563/2 A stunted lichen-clad bole.

lichen-clothed adj.

ΚΠ

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vii. 95 An immense lichen~clothed menhir.

lichen-crusted adj.

ΚΠ

1886 H. F. Lester Under Two Fig Trees 232 An old boundary stone lichen-crusted.

lichen-laden adj.

ΚΠ

1889 J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 49 The old buildings..with..lichen-laden roofs.

lichen-matted adj.

ΚΠ

1885 H. O. Forbes Naturalist's Wanderings Eastern Archipel. 101 Blocks of weather-beaten, lichen-matted trachyte.

lichen-tasselled adj.

ΚΠ

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 572 The heavily lichen-tasselled fringe of the forest-belt.

C4. Similative.

lichen-green adj.

ΚΠ

1898 Daily News 8 Oct. 6/4 Folds of lichen-green velvet about the shoulders.

lichen-like adj.

lichen-starch n. a kind of starch associated with lichenin in Iceland-moss.

Derivatives

ˈlichenless adj. destitute of lichens.

ΚΠ

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 120 His very rocks are lichenless.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	lichen
释义	lichenn. Brit. /ˈlʌɪk(ə)n/, /ˈlɪtʃ(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈlaɪkən/ Etymology: < Latin līchēn, < Greek λειχήν in all the senses below. Compare French lichen, Spanish liquen, Italian lichene. Not in Johnson. The pronunciation /ˈlɪtʃən/ is given in Smart without alternative, and most of the later dictionaries allow it a second place; but it is now rare in educated use. †1. = liverwort n.; the lichens and liverworts having formerly been included in the same group. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > liverwort liverwortOE hepatica1548 lichen1601 Marchantia1754 hepatic1939 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 245 Another kind of Lichen or Liuerwort there is, cleauing wholly fast vpon rockes and stones in manner of moss. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Lichen, liverwort in botany, the name of a genus of mosses. 1759 B. Stillingfleet tr. C. Gedner Of Use of Curiosity in Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. 145 The vertues of the lichenes or liverworts upon animate bodies..are not inconsiderable. 2. One of a group of composite organisms (previously classified as a plant and included in the former taxonomic division Cryptogamia), often of a green, grey, or yellow tint, which grow on the surface of rocks, trees, etc. Also collective.According to the modern theory, now generally accepted, the lichen is a fungus parasitic upon an algal, whose form is somewhat modified by the influence of the parasite. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] lichen1715 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 169 As well in this wild kind as in planted Plum trees of the hortyard, there is to be found a certain skinny gum, in Greek called Lichen, which hath a wonderfull operation to cure the rhagadies or chaps.] 1715 J. Delacoste tr. H. Boerhaave Aphorisms 313 The famous earthy ash-colour'd moss call'd Lichen. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 29 Where frowning Snowden bends his dizzy brow..Retiring lichen climbs the topmost stone. 1796 S. T. Coleridge To Young Friend 4 Where..coloured lichens with slow oosing weep. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 325 Lichens are distinguished by their want of a distinct axis of growth. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) viii. 320 Aged trees covered with lichen, as if the relics of a primeval forest long since cleared away. 1887 Algie Guide to Forres 66 The coral-like gray lichen. 1893 R. Bridges Shorter Poems v. Winnowers 8 The red roofs nestle, oversprent With lichen yellow as gold. 3. Pathology. a. A skin disease, characterized by an eruption of reddish solid papules over a more or less limited area. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > lichen lichen1657 prickly heat1740 lichen simplex1798 lichen simplex chronicus1798 summer rash1798 nettle-lichen1822 blight1864 lichen planus1866 1657 Physical Dict. Lichen, a tetter, or ringworm. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Lichen, a cutaneous Distemper, in many respects the same with a Leprosy. 1842 T. H. Burgess tr. P. L. A. Cazenave & H. E. Schedel Man. Dis. Skin 189 Lichen is not confined to any period of life, or to either sex. 1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Many authors regard lichen, strophulus, and eczema, as forms of the same disease. b. With modern Latin adjectives, as lichen planus n. a skin disease characterized by an eruption of wide, flat-topped, shiny, purple-coloured papules. lichen simplex n. (a) a type of eczema characterized by the presence of small red papules; (b) ( lichen simplex chronicus) a disorder characterized by areas of lichenification. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > lichen lichen1657 prickly heat1740 lichen simplex1798 lichen simplex chronicus1798 summer rash1798 nettle-lichen1822 blight1864 lichen planus1866 1798 R. Willan Descr. & Treatm. Cutaneous Dis. i. 41 The extent of the disease being thus limited, I shall proceed to describe the varieties of it, which have occurred to my observation, under the denominations of Lichen Simplex, Lichen Agrius, Lichen Pilaris, Lichen Lividus, and Lichen Tropicus. 1842 T. H. Burgess tr. P. L. A. Cazenave & H. E. Schedel Man. Dis. Skin 191 Acute lichen simplex requires no other treatment than diluents and tepid baths. 1866 E. Wilson in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Oct. 399/1 (heading) On lichen planus: the lichen ruber of Hebra. 1910 C. F. Marshall tr. E. Gaucher Dis. Skin 101 Lichen simplex may occur on all parts of the body, but it chiefly affects the forearms and dorsal surface of the hands, the neck and shoulders, the external and posterior surfaces of the legs, and the internal surface of the thighs. 1934 E. S. Dore & J. L. Franklin Dis. Skin viii. 121 Lichen planus is generally a chronic complaint. 1966 W. D. Stewart et al. Synopsis Dermatol. xxvi. 485 Lichen simplex chronicus..is a common pruritic disorder resulting in a localized patch of dermatitis that has a characteristic lichenification. 1971 Acta Dermato-venereologica LII. 216/1 In an epidemiologic house-to-house survey..in Kerala in South India, 7639 individuals were examined for oral lichen planus. †4. After a Latin use in Pliny: A callous excrescence on the leg of a horse or ass (? = chestnut n. 5). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > caused by tumours > tumour spavin1426 ringbonec1465 blood spavin?1523 curb?1523 serew?1523 splint?1523 thorough-serewe?1523 thorough spavin?1523 windgall?1523 bone spavin1566 boneshavea1585 grape1600 surot1601 hough-bony1607 lichen1607 gorge1610 bog-spavin1631 splint-bone1704 splinter1704 star1710 fuseec1720 jardonc1720 osseletc1720 jarde1727 thorough-pin1789 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 27 There is a collection of certaine hard matter about an asses legges, called Lichen, which if it be burned and beaten and put into old oyle, will cause haires to grow out of baldnes. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 81 The fume of the lichens, helps the falling sickness. Compounds C1. Simple attributive, as (sense 2). a. lichen-dust n. ΚΠ 1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. vii. 143 He snapped the lichen-dust from his fingers. lichen-flora n. ΚΠ 1857 W. A. Leighton (title) The Lichen-Flora of Great Britain. lichen-fungus n. ΚΠ 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 273 Algæ..known as the hosts of Lichen-fungi. lichen-moss n. lichen-spot n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 103 The silver lichen-spots rest, star-like, on the stone. lichen-thallus n. ΚΠ 1856 W. L. Lindsay Pop. Hist. Brit. Lichens 39 The..tissues of the Lichen-thallus. lichen-tuft n. ΚΠ 1832 R. Cattermole Beckett 191 Ashes..gray with lichen-tufts. b. lichen-eczema n. ΚΠ 1900 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. XI. 195 The patient had suffered from lichen-eczema from the age of 20. lichen-spot n. ΚΠ 1897 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. VIII. 223 The initial stage was a lichen spot, of which there were many around the patches. C2. lichen-acid n. any lichen substance which is an acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > acids obtained from lichens > [noun] lichenic acid1836 lichen-acid1893 lichen substance1900 1893 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 497 (heading) New lichen-acid. 1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens viii. 119 Lichen acids and pigments increase the opacity of the upper cortex. lichen substance n. any of about 65 compounds, most of which are acids, which are found uniquely in lichens. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > acids obtained from lichens > [noun] lichenic acid1836 lichen-acid1893 lichen substance1900 1900 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 235 (heading) Lichen-substances. 1954 Y. Asahina & S. Shibata (title) Chemistry of lichen substances. 1967 M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens viii. 111 The depsides..make up the largest group of lichen substances. C3. Instrumental. lichen-clad adj. ΚΠ 1848 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) I. 563/2 A stunted lichen-clad bole. lichen-clothed adj. ΚΠ 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vii. 95 An immense lichen~clothed menhir. lichen-crusted adj. ΚΠ 1886 H. F. Lester Under Two Fig Trees 232 An old boundary stone lichen-crusted. lichen-laden adj. ΚΠ 1889 J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 49 The old buildings..with..lichen-laden roofs. lichen-matted adj. ΚΠ 1885 H. O. Forbes Naturalist's Wanderings Eastern Archipel. 101 Blocks of weather-beaten, lichen-matted trachyte. lichen-tasselled adj. ΚΠ 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 572 The heavily lichen-tasselled fringe of the forest-belt. C4. Similative. a. lichen-green adj. ΚΠ 1898 Daily News 8 Oct. 6/4 Folds of lichen-green velvet about the shoulders. lichen-like adj. b. lichen-starch n. a kind of starch associated with lichenin in Iceland-moss. Derivatives ˈlichenless adj. destitute of lichens. ΚΠ 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 120 His very rocks are lichenless. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022). lichenv. Brit. /ˈlʌɪk(ə)n/, /ˈlɪtʃ(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈlaɪkən/ Etymology: < lichen n. transitive. To cover with lichens. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > cover with lichens [verb (transitive)] lichen1859 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 149 There they lay till all their bones were..lichen'd into colour with the crags. 1862 Macmillan's Mag. Sept. 426 How was it [island] lichened and mossed? 1864 J. K. James tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Deliv. iii. xiii. (note) Turrets lichened with gold. figurative.1883 Harper's Mag. Feb. 438/2 Popular superstition has not had time yet to lichen over the familiar objects of his country-side. Derivatives ˈlichened adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [adjective] > covered with lichens lichened1823 licheny1826 lichenized1839 lichenous1876 1823 W. M. Praed Poems (1865) II. 274 O'er the natural tomb The lichened pine rears up its form of gloom. 1887 J. Ruskin Præterita II. xi. 401 The deeply lichened stones of its low churchyard wall. ˈlichening n. ΚΠ 1892 Cornhill Mag. Sept. 230 The rudeness of the masonry and the lichening of the stones were no real indications of antiquity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1601v.1823
随便看	feudatary feudatorial feudatories feudatory feudbote feuded feudee feudfoe feudigrapher feuding feudings feudist feudistical feudists feuds feuduty feued feufarm feufarmer feugrant feuholding feuillage feuillantine feuille feuillemorte

lichenn.

Compounds

Derivatives

lichenv.

Derivatives