英语词汇“letter of marque and reprisal”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

a. Usually in plural. Also more fully letter(s) of marque and reprisal. Originally: a licence granted by a monarch authorizing a subject to take reprisals on the subjects of a hostile state for alleged injuries. Later: legal authority to fit out an armed vessel and use it in the capture of enemy merchant shipping and to commit acts which would otherwise have constituted piracy; also in extended use. See also letter (also script, writ) of mart n. at mart n.⁴ Now chiefly historical.So far as European nations are concerned the issue of letters of marque was abolished by the Declaration of Paris in 1856. However, it remains possible under the U.S. Constitution for Congress (but not for state governments) to commission privateers by letters of marque.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > authority for reprisal

letter of marque1443

letter of mart1571

society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > letter or letters patent > letters of reprisal or marque

letter of marque1443

letters (also commission) of reprisal(s)1473

letter (also script, writ) of mart1587

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > ship's papers > [noun] > letters authorizing privateer

letter(s) of marque and reprisal1443

letter (also script, writ) of mart1587

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > piracy > [noun] > privateering > letters of marque

letter of marque1443

letter (also script, writ) of mart1587

1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 277 Þe King..wol þat all þei þat sue now for such lettres of marque..have from þe King lettres peremptorie of request to þe said Duc.

1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 135/2 To graunte to youre saide Besechers, letters of Marc and Reprisail.

1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 65/2 All maner Promisses..made..by reason or occasion of any such Sentence, Jugement, Lettres of Margue or Reprisale..be voide.

1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 10 Ane letter of mark gevin and grantit be the maist cristin king of France.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxlv^v Shewyng hym how their goodes were taken, by letters of Marke, their shippes restrained [etc.].

1625 W. Yonge Diary 1 Feb. (1848) 79 There are letters of mark granted against the Dunkerkers.

1642 T. Cuningham Jrnl. (1928) 68 The very first private men of warre commissionated with letters of marque against the Irish rebells.

1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iv. i. 83 'Tis a prize worth a Million of Crowns, and you carry your Letters of mark about you.

1702 Royal Declar. June in London Gaz. No. 3815/3 Her Majesty having Impowered the Lord High Admiral of England to grant Letters of Marque, or Commissions for Privateers.

1789 Constit. U.S. Art. i. §8 Congress shall have power..to grant letters of marque and reprisal.

1804 Sydney Gaz. 1 Apr. 3/1 His Excellency mustered the Crew of the Betsey, previous to giving her Commander a Letter of Marque against the French and Batavian Republics.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. vi. 350 To make war upon Alva was the leading object of all these freebooters, and they were usually furnished by the Prince of Orange..with letters of marque for that purpose.

1885 Daily Tel. 21 May 5/3 Strong exception is taken by the advocates of privateering to such words as corsair, picaroon, and the like being applied to a vessel armed with the authority of a letter of marque.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 827/1 Letters of marque were issued to Confederate privateers.

1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 338/2 By it Bellomont undertook to procure a letter of marque and reprisal directing Captain Kidd to capture and condemn enemy commerce.

1985 Federal Suppl. (U.S.) 592 746/2 The Court's approval of Vuitton's application does not give the special prosecutors any letters of marque or reprisal against the defendants.

2005 B. Little Sea Rover's Pract. (2007) iv. 30 A letter of marque was permission to attack the enemy in time of war.

单词	letter of marque and reprisal
释义	> as lemmas letter(s) of marque and reprisal a. Usually in plural. Also more fully letter(s) of marque and reprisal. Originally: a licence granted by a monarch authorizing a subject to take reprisals on the subjects of a hostile state for alleged injuries. Later: legal authority to fit out an armed vessel and use it in the capture of enemy merchant shipping and to commit acts which would otherwise have constituted piracy; also in extended use. See also letter (also script, writ) of mart n. at mart n.⁴ Now chiefly historical.So far as European nations are concerned the issue of letters of marque was abolished by the Declaration of Paris in 1856. However, it remains possible under the U.S. Constitution for Congress (but not for state governments) to commission privateers by letters of marque. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > [noun] > authority for reprisal letter of marque1443 letter of mart1571 society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > letter or letters patent > letters of reprisal or marque letter of marque1443 letters (also commission) of reprisal(s)1473 letter (also script, writ) of mart1587 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > ship's papers > [noun] > letters authorizing privateer letter(s) of marque and reprisal1443 letter (also script, writ) of mart1587 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > piracy > [noun] > privateering > letters of marque letter of marque1443 letter (also script, writ) of mart1587 1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 277 Þe King..wol þat all þei þat sue now for such lettres of marque..have from þe King lettres peremptorie of request to þe said Duc. 1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 135/2 To graunte to youre saide Besechers, letters of Marc and Reprisail. 1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 65/2 All maner Promisses..made..by reason or occasion of any such Sentence, Jugement, Lettres of Margue or Reprisale..be voide. 1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 10 Ane letter of mark gevin and grantit be the maist cristin king of France. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxlv^v Shewyng hym how their goodes were taken, by letters of Marke, their shippes restrained [etc.]. 1625 W. Yonge Diary 1 Feb. (1848) 79 There are letters of mark granted against the Dunkerkers. 1642 T. Cuningham Jrnl. (1928) 68 The very first private men of warre commissionated with letters of marque against the Irish rebells. 1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iv. i. 83 'Tis a prize worth a Million of Crowns, and you carry your Letters of mark about you. 1702 Royal Declar. June in London Gaz. No. 3815/3 Her Majesty having Impowered the Lord High Admiral of England to grant Letters of Marque, or Commissions for Privateers. 1789 Constit. U.S. Art. i. §8 Congress shall have power..to grant letters of marque and reprisal. 1804 Sydney Gaz. 1 Apr. 3/1 His Excellency mustered the Crew of the Betsey, previous to giving her Commander a Letter of Marque against the French and Batavian Republics. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. vi. 350 To make war upon Alva was the leading object of all these freebooters, and they were usually furnished by the Prince of Orange..with letters of marque for that purpose. 1885 Daily Tel. 21 May 5/3 Strong exception is taken by the advocates of privateering to such words as corsair, picaroon, and the like being applied to a vessel armed with the authority of a letter of marque. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 827/1 Letters of marque were issued to Confederate privateers. 1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 338/2 By it Bellomont undertook to procure a letter of marque and reprisal directing Captain Kidd to capture and condemn enemy commerce. 1985 Federal Suppl. (U.S.) 592 746/2 The Court's approval of Vuitton's application does not give the special prosecutors any letters of marque or reprisal against the defendants. 2005 B. Little Sea Rover's Pract. (2007) iv. 30 A letter of marque was permission to attack the enemy in time of war. extracted from marquen.¹ < as lemmas
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> as lemmas