autocratn.

Brit.

/ˈɔːtəkrat/, U.S.

/ˈɔdəˌkræt/,

/ˈɔdoʊˌkræt/,

/ˈɑdəˌkræt/,

/ˈɑdoʊˌkræt/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French; originally modelled on a Russian lexical item. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French autocrate; Greek αὐτοκρατής.

Etymology: < French autocrate (although this is first attested slightly later: 1768 in general sense, 1788 as title of the Emperor of Russia) and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής ruling by oneself, absolute < αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + -κρατής , combining form of κράτος bodily strength, mastery (see -cracy comb. form). Originally (in quot. 1762) as title of Catherine II, Empress of Russia, in Autocrat of all the Russias , after Russian samoderžica vserossijskaja < samoderžica female absolute ruler (1725; feminine form corresponding to samoderžec (see autocrator n.)) + vserossijskaja All-Russian. Compare Russian avtokrat (1803 or earlier as avtokrat″ ; < French), and also German Autokrat (late 18th cent.). Compare earlier autocrator n., and also earlier autocracy n.

1. A ruler who has absolute power of government. Also figurative.Originally a title of the Russian tsars (more fully Autocrat of all the Russias). Cf. autocrator n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun]

tyrantc1330

dictatora1593

Caesar1595

absolute monarch1596

imperator1598

voluntar1650

Mogul1653

sultanist1659

sultan1662

Grand Monarque1699

autocrator1718

despot1755

autocrat1762

sultanship1823

monocrat1848

autarch1865

autarkist1938

1762 Public Advertiser 13 Aug. 1/3 The reigning Empress published the following Manifesto. ‘We Catherine II. by the Grace of God, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias, &c.’

1798 Henry Willoughby I. xi. 201 Despots of the earth! inexorable, ruthless autocrats!

1853 T. T. Lynch Lect. Self-improvem. vi. 149 The will is no autocrat to have his bidding done at once.

1870 S. Mossman Gems of Womanhood iv. 151 The harsh decrees of the autocrat Napoleon.

1918 W. A. Fairburn Diagnosis German Obsession iii. 65 The Emperor..declared, in conversation with Bismarck, that there could only be one autocrat in Germany.

1942 H. Byas Govt. by Assassination xxiv. 324 The Japanese Emperor is not an autocrat; every act of state must be made on the advice and responsibility of an official person.

1968 J. Dahmus Middle Ages iv. 140 The ruler of Byzantium was an autocrat: his title often included the very word autocrator.

2002 Time 25 Mar. 15/1 Until Africa can rid itself of corrupt autocrats, it [sc. debt relief] will probably be just another way for those leaders to beef up their fat Swiss bank accounts.

2. In extended use: a person who has controlling authority or influence; an imperious or domineering person.

ΚΠ

1833 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. Nov. 23 65/3 We wish those autocrats of our literary world, the publishers, would imitate, or..excel the English.

1858 O. W. Holmes (title) The autocrat of the breakfast table.

1903 J. M. Falkner Nebuly Coat vi. 83 He was an autocrat in his own church, and ruffled them now and again with what they called his bumptiousness.

1932 Social Forces 10 484/1 One of the compensations for the weak and ineffective is to assert over-mastery by some fancied autocrat.

1999 S. Grafton O is for Outlaw iv. 43 Lieutenant Dolan was an autocrat and a stickler for regulations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	autocrat
释义	autocratn. Brit. /ˈɔːtəkrat/, U.S. /ˈɔdəˌkræt/, /ˈɔdoʊˌkræt/, /ˈɑdəˌkræt/, /ˈɑdoʊˌkræt/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French; originally modelled on a Russian lexical item. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French autocrate; Greek αὐτοκρατής. Etymology: < French autocrate (although this is first attested slightly later: 1768 in general sense, 1788 as title of the Emperor of Russia) and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής ruling by oneself, absolute < αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + -κρατής , combining form of κράτος bodily strength, mastery (see -cracy comb. form). Originally (in quot. 1762) as title of Catherine II, Empress of Russia, in Autocrat of all the Russias , after Russian samoderžica vserossijskaja < samoderžica female absolute ruler (1725; feminine form corresponding to samoderžec (see autocrator n.)) + vserossijskaja All-Russian. Compare Russian avtokrat (1803 or earlier as avtokrat″ ; < French), and also German Autokrat (late 18th cent.). Compare earlier autocrator n., and also earlier autocracy n. 1. A ruler who has absolute power of government. Also figurative.Originally a title of the Russian tsars (more fully Autocrat of all the Russias). Cf. autocrator n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] tyrantc1330 dictatora1593 Caesar1595 absolute monarch1596 imperator1598 voluntar1650 Mogul1653 sultanist1659 sultan1662 Grand Monarque1699 autocrator1718 despot1755 autocrat1762 sultanship1823 monocrat1848 autarch1865 autarkist1938 1762 Public Advertiser 13 Aug. 1/3 The reigning Empress published the following Manifesto. ‘We Catherine II. by the Grace of God, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias, &c.’ 1798 Henry Willoughby I. xi. 201 Despots of the earth! inexorable, ruthless autocrats! 1853 T. T. Lynch Lect. Self-improvem. vi. 149 The will is no autocrat to have his bidding done at once. 1870 S. Mossman Gems of Womanhood iv. 151 The harsh decrees of the autocrat Napoleon. 1918 W. A. Fairburn Diagnosis German Obsession iii. 65 The Emperor..declared, in conversation with Bismarck, that there could only be one autocrat in Germany. 1942 H. Byas Govt. by Assassination xxiv. 324 The Japanese Emperor is not an autocrat; every act of state must be made on the advice and responsibility of an official person. 1968 J. Dahmus Middle Ages iv. 140 The ruler of Byzantium was an autocrat: his title often included the very word autocrator. 2002 Time 25 Mar. 15/1 Until Africa can rid itself of corrupt autocrats, it [sc. debt relief] will probably be just another way for those leaders to beef up their fat Swiss bank accounts. 2. In extended use: a person who has controlling authority or influence; an imperious or domineering person. ΚΠ 1833 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. Nov. 23 65/3 We wish those autocrats of our literary world, the publishers, would imitate, or..excel the English. 1858 O. W. Holmes (title) The autocrat of the breakfast table. 1903 J. M. Falkner Nebuly Coat vi. 83 He was an autocrat in his own church, and ruffled them now and again with what they called his bumptiousness. 1932 Social Forces 10 484/1 One of the compensations for the weak and ineffective is to assert over-mastery by some fancied autocrat. 1999 S. Grafton O is for Outlaw iv. 43 Lieutenant Dolan was an autocrat and a stickler for regulations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1762
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