libraryn.¹

Brit.

/ˈlʌɪb(rə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈlaɪˌbrɛri/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s librarie, Middle English lyberary, 1500s liberary, librarye. β. Middle English librair(e, Scottish librar.

Etymology: < French librairie (1380 in Godefroy), now only in sense ‘bookseller's shop’ = Italian libreria , Spanish libreria , Portuguese livraria , representing. Common Romance *librarīa (with suffix -īa , -y suffix¹), < Latin librārium (French libraire bookseller), substantive use of librārius adjective, concerned with or employed about books, < libr- , liber book, believed to be a use of liber bark (see liber n.¹), the bark of trees having, according to Roman tradition, been used in early times as a writing material. Late Latin librāria (sc. taberna) occurs with the sense ‘bookseller's shop’. The Romance word admits of being viewed as < libro book + -arīa, but this leaves the ultimate analysis unaltered.

1. A place set apart to contain books for reading, study, or reference. (Not applied, e.g. to the shop or warehouse of a bookseller.) In various applications more or less specific.

a. Applied to a room in a house, etc.; also, †a bookcase. In modern use, the designation of one of the set of rooms ordinarily belonging to an English house above a certain level of size and pretension.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > library or collection of books > [noun] > room containing books

libraryc1374

study1514

bookroom1771

bookstack1879

stack-room-

society > communication > book > receptacle for books > [noun] > bookcase

libraryc1374

deska1552

bookpress1611

bookcase1698

bookstand1743

bookrack1809

book unit1901

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. v. 15 The walles of thi lybrarye aparayled and wrowht with yuory and with glas.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. i. 142 Bochas pensief stode in his library.

1488 Inventory in Archaeologia 45 120 On the south side of the Vestrarie standeth a grete library.

1779 M. Tyson in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 195 I there saw his library, i.e. the Room which once contained his Books.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 6 The library occupied the west side of the chateau.

1854 W. Collins Hide & Seek (1861) ii. ii. 161 Zack descended cautiously to the back parlour, which was called a ‘library’.

b. A building, room, or set of rooms, containing a collection of books for the use of the public or of some particular portion of it, or of the members of some society or the like; a public institution or establishment, charged with the care of a collection of books, and the duty of rendering the books accessible to those who require to use them.circulating, free, lending, reference library, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun]

book houseOE

aumbrya1225

libraryc1449

Athenaeum1799

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 30 In caas a greet clerk wolde go into a librarie and ouer studie there a long proces of feith writun in the Bible.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 35 A boke in the library of Gyldehall in London.

1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xxxiii. sig. H4^v To be sent to the Librarie at Oxford.

1708 Act 7 Anne c. 14 §1 Whereas of late Years several Charitable..Persons have..erected Libraries within several Parishes and Districts.

1847 Howitt's Jrnl. 1 119/1 A scheme of free libraries. By Dr. Smiles.

1847 Howitt's Jrnl. 1 119/2 Samuel Brown, the author of the system of Free Libraries, (or, as he styled them, ‘Itinerating Libraries’,) was a merchant of the small town of Haddington.

1850 Act 13 & 14 Vict. c. 65 §7 That Admission to such Libraries and Museums [established by Town Councils] shall be free of all Charge.

1850 Manch. Guardian 28 Dec. A Free Library and Museum for Manchester.

1855 Act 18 & 19 Victoria c. 70 An Act for further promoting the Establishment of Free Public Libraries and Museums in Municipal Towns.

1900 G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 210 The Merton library is..the oldest specimen of mediæval libraries in England.

1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 3/2 These things are surely axioms to the free-library reader.

1960 M. Sharp Something Light vi. 49 The meeting-place for intellectuals was the Free Library.

c. (More fully, circulating library.) A private commercial establishment for the lending of books, the borrower paying either a fixed sum for each book lent or a periodical subscription.‘These are of two kinds: the establishments on a large scale that issue books to subscribers all over the country, and the smaller establishment, usually in the hands of a bookseller, which circulate among local subscribers books either kept in stock or borrowed from one of the larger ‘libraries’. In watering-places, the ‘libraries’ sometimes have reading-rooms attached, and were formerly places of social resort (cf. quots. 1836, 1839). In the West end of London some of the ‘libraries’ act as agencies for the sale of tickets for places of amusement.’ (N.E.D.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun] > private commercial

book club1740

library1836

rental library1923

twopenny library1935

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 159 The ‘dear girls’..had been at different watering-places for four seasons; they had gambled at libraries,..sold at fancy fairs [etc.].

1839 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz (new ed.) 373 The library [at Ramsgate] was crowded. There were the same ladies and the same gentlemen who had been on the sands in the morning.

1902 N.E.D. at Library Mod. Advt., Now ready at all the libraries, Mr. ——'s great novel, ——.

d. A theatre-ticket agency.

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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > other parts of theatre > [noun] > box office > ticket agency

library1827

1827 W. Clarke Every Night Bk. 108 It is..necessary..to procure tickets of admission prior to the opening of the doors: they may be had at the libraries of Ebers, or Andrews, in old Bond Street.

1902 W. H. Chantrey Theatre Accounts i. 7 The next source of income is derived from Library Bookings. It is usual for the management of a Theatre to allow a discount of from 5 to 10 per cent. upon seats booked by Libraries.

1959 Financial Times 23 June The word ‘library’ is used in the trade to designate a central source of tickets—a ‘ticket wholesaler’ might be a better term.

1973 Sunday Times 28 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 101/1 Ticket agencies..are..organised in the Combined Libraries Association (‘library’ is theatrical term for ticket agency).

a. The books contained in a ‘library’ (sense 1); ‘a large collection of books, public or private’ (Johnson).

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society > communication > book > library or collection of books > [noun]

library13..

Biblec1384

biblet1388

bibliothèque1549

bibliothecary1570

study1616

bookstock1796

bookery1798

13.. S. Erkenwolde 155 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 269 We haue oure librarie laitid þes longe seuene dayes.

a1540 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 195/1 Let all the Liberaries bee sought in England.

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Librarie..a great number of bookes.

1760 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. (ed. 3) III. 52 Cardinal Brancaccio has bequeathed a good library to this church.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 64 Pisistratus..is said to have been the first person in Greece who collected a library.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 373 In universities, as well as in cloisters, libraries were very small.

β. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 14 And slouthe kepeth the libraire Which longeth to the Saintuaire.c1420 Pallad. on Husb. Prol. 96 In deskis xij hymselue, as half a strete, Hath boked thair librair vniuersal.a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 100 Ptolome..gadderit togidder in ane librar xxxvj thousand volummys.1580 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 183 (margin) New librare.

b. Often used in the titles given by publishers to a series or set of books uniform or similar in external appearance, and ostensibly suited for some particular class of readers or for students of a particular subject, as in ‘The Library of Useful Knowledge’ (1826–1856), ‘The Parlour Library’ (consisting of novels, 1847–1863), ‘Bohn's Standard Library’, etc. Formerly also in the titles of bibliographical works, and of periodicals.

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society > communication > book > series or set > [noun] > of same or similar form

library1692

series1883

1692 (title) The Compleat Library: or News for the Ingenious. Containing Several Original Pieces. An Historical Account of the Choicest Books Printed... Notes on the Memorable Passages happening in May. As also the State of Learning in the World. To be Published Monthly.

1713 [A catalogue of books.] The Student's Library: a choice Collection of Books, In all Faculties and Parts of Learning.

1714 (title) The Ladies Library. Vol. I. Written by a Lady. Published by Mr. Steele.

1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xviii. 282 The books were thorough-bred Scotch..and..he prided himself upon the ‘Edinburgh Cabinet Library’.

1974 British Bks. in Print I. p. ccxxvi/1 Home University Library. Oxf. U.P.

c. transferred and figurative; esp. used to denote:

Thesaurus »

(a) a great mass of learning or knowledge;

(b) the objects of a person's study, the sources on which he depends for instruction. In quot. 1523 = a catalogue, list.

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society > communication > record > list > [noun]

tableOE

scorec1325

billa1340

calendar?a1400

legendc1400

librarya1450

Ragmanc1450

Ragman rollc1450

cataloguea1464

repertory1542

scrowa1545

bedroll?1552

roll1565

file1566

state1582

inventory1589

brief1600

series1601

counter-roll1603

list1604

muster roll1605

cense1615

pinax1625

repertoirec1626

diagram1631

recensiona1638

repertorium1667

vocabulary1694

albe1697

enumeration1725

screed1748

album1753

tableau1792

roll-call1833

shopping list1923

laundry list1958

remainder list1977

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun]

lorea1225

book1340

librarya1450

study1535

volume1597

subject1805

a1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 88 We xal lerne ȝow the lyberary of oure Lordys law lyght.

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) v. 227 The lybrary of reason must be vnclosed.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 780 Of all ladyes he hath the library Ther names recountyng in the court of Fame.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 5 I began to reuolue the librarye of my vndirstanding.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cj One Drop of Truth..more worth, then whole Libraries of Opinions.

1654 J. Trapp Comm. Ezra vii. 6 Ye may be as learned as Tostatus..who was a living library.

1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. F7^v Able to make the world both his Library and his Oratory.

1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 75 I darken his Merits if I call him less than a Walking Library.

1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. xxiii. 7 These Pharisees were for carrying a Library of God's Law on their Cloaths, scarce a Letter of it in their Hearts.

1883 J. Hawthorne Dust I. 104 Cards and men formed the library of the Duchess of Marlborough.

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society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > collection of records

library1926

discotheque1929

1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 1095 Circulating library for music rolls. Arrangements can be made..for Members to subscribe to a Player Roll Library.

1937 Amer. Speech 12 47/1 Library, collection of sheet music.

1957 B.B.C. Handbk. 101 Some types of material are recorded specially for the library, as for example, folk-music, dialect, natural history, and sound effects.

1962 H. Orton Surv. Eng. Dial.: Introd. 20 The British Broadcasting Corporation's Permanent Sound-Record Library.

1969 Listener 12 June 836/3 Proms are no longer..regarded as the poor man's record library.

1974 Guardian 26 Mar. 32/3 The transcription service..provides a library of BBC programmes on slow-speed recordings.

1974 Times 7 Oct. 13/4 Borrowers frequently make tape-recordings..from the material borrowed and can thus acquire..an extensive library of recorded music without paying the composer a penny.

3. Computing. An organized collection of routines, esp. of tested routines suitable for a particular model of computer.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > group

library1950

program library1957

suite1966

partition1968

1950 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 202 576 It is convenient to have a ‘library’ containing sub-routines for performing such standard operations as the evaluation of a sine, or a scalar product.

1951 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 206 539 There are..some eighty sub-routines in the EDSAC library.

1951 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 5 46 Routines for solving standard problems will be established on tape and stored in a ‘library’.

1958 Oxf. Mag. 29 May 469/1 Their ‘library’ consists of ‘routines’, ‘sub-routines’, and even ‘quickies’, programmes already existing and tested.

1958 Oxf. Mag. 29 May 469/1 As the library grows in extent, programming for new problems becomes easier.

1964 F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers ix. 143 Soon, ‘libraries’ of standard subroutines were available for each particular computer.

1966 A. Battersby Math. in Managem. viii. 195 Standard computing routines are always available for widely-used techniques such as network analyses or linear programming, and the range over which they extend is constantly widening. They are often referred to as ‘library programs’ or under the general term ‘software’.

1967 Technol. Week 23 Jan. 11/2 (advt.) Software for Sigma 5 includes..a library of mathematical, business and utility routines.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

library apartments n.

ΚΠ

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 486 One of the library apartments is handsomely adorned with statues.

library book n.

ΚΠ

1863 ‘G. Hamilton’ Gala-days 146 There was the long service, Sunday school and library books.

1916 A. Bennett Lion's Share xxiv. 180 The women play golf all day on that appalling golf course, and then after tea they go into the town to change their library books.

1973 K. Giles File on Death iii. 66 My old girl retires to bed around eight, with her library book.

library card n.

ΚΠ

1966 A. Sachs Jail Diary xviii. 164 The station commander..has spoken to his wife and she doesn't mind if I use one of the family's library cards.

library centre n.

ΚΠ

1960 Libr. Assoc. Rec. Aug. 261/2 A library centre is a static service-point, whether or not under the control of paid staff, which does not comply with the definitions for full-time or part-time branches.

library chair n.

ΚΠ

1883 Heal & Son Catal. 181 Dining room and library chairs.

1970 Country Life 31 Dec. 16/2 (advt.) William IV mahogany library chair upholstered in antiqued Havana brown leather.

library committee n.

ΚΠ

1831 Congress. Rec. 7 Feb. 618 It was referred to the Library Committee.

1965 D. Davinson Acad. & Legal Deposit Libr. ii. 24 All British universities have a library committee formed from the Senate or similar body.

library company n.

ΚΠ

1745 B. Franklin Let. 11 Dec. in Wks. (1888) X. 238 Our Library Company sends for about twenty pounds sterling worth of books yearly.

1837 W. Jenkins Ohio Gazetteer 99 The public institutions are a bank, a library company and a mechanics society.

library desk n.

ΚΠ

1895 M. A. Jackson Mem. Stonewall Jackson (ed. 2) xi. 197 Between them is a library desk.

library door n.

ΚΠ

1861 J. Edmond Children's Church at Home iii. 49 A gentle tap at the library door.

library house n.

ΚΠ

1837 W. Jenkins Ohio Gazetteer 281 The library house is a handsome brick edifice.

library material n.

ΚΠ

1962 Listener 16 Aug. 259/2 John Elliot's production adroitly wove the tropical library material among the studio scenes.

library room n.

ΚΠ

1773 J. Boswell Jrnl. 19 Aug. in Jrnl. Tour Hebrides (1785) 61 We..visited Principal Murison at his college, where is a good library-room.

library stairs n.

ΚΠ

1598–9 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 482 The seelinge of the Library staires.

library stamp n.

ΚΠ

1861 Catal. Cathedral Libr. Calcutta App. 120 To stamp the title page and other parts of each volume with the Library-stamp.

library style n.

ΚΠ

1952 Vision VI. iii. 15/2 (caption) Heavy semi-rimless library style in dark mottled material.

library table n.

ΚΠ

1741 in Publ. Colonial Soc. Mass. (1925) XVI. 712 [The cross table was] compos'd of three Library Tables.

1853 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 29 Oct. (1954) II. 121 I wish to exchange my present one [sc. bookcase] for a Library Table, of which I am sorely in need.

1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Dec. 9/1 One of the most remarkable series of library tables (bureaux plats) to be found anywhere.

1971 Country Life 10 June (Suppl.) 52 (advt.) A rare small George III library table with pull-out steps, reading top and two slides, constructed with fine quality solid mahogany. Height 32″. Circa 1790.

library ticket n.

ΚΠ

1877 M. W. Chapman in H. Martineau Autobiogr. III. 63 Heaps of concert tickets, museum tickets, library tickets.

1950 O. Blakeston Pink Ribbon vi. 72 Amelia lent me her library tickets.

1965 ‘C. Fremlin’ Jealous One xiv. 110 The usual contents of a hand-bag—comb, purse, powder compact, cheque book, library ticket.

C2.

library binding n. a special strong binding of books for lending libraries.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun]

antiquing1728

royal binding1808

Russia binding1817

gothique1818

half-binding1821

Roxburghe1839

paper cover1843

trade binding1874

tree-calf1879

Grolier1880

yapp1883

cloth-work1885

publisher's binding1885

tree-marble1885

treed calf1892

presentation binding1893

quarter leather1894

quarter calf1896

three-quarter binding1897

library binding1903

circuit-binding1909

publisher's cloth1911

quarter binding1912

loose back1923

open back1923

spring-back1923

spiral binding1949

1903 J. D. Brown Man. Libr. Econ. xxvi. 333 The principal leathers for public library bindings are pig-skin, Persian and Levant moroccos, and roan.

1952 W. McGill in Library World Dec. LIV. 90 (heading) A note on how some publishers produced reinforced or special library bindings for public libraries nearly 50 years ago.

library edition n. an edition of good size and print and strongly bound, spec. a uniform edition of a writer's works; also (quot. 1917) an edition of a newspaper for depositing in certain libraries.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > edition > [noun] > other types of edition

critical edition1721

trade edition1819

colonial edition1825

share book1853

stall-edition1854

Aldine1862

library edition1869

Kelmscott1920

cheaps1930

quickie1933

society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > editions of newspaper

special edition1845

library edition1869

extra-special1889

airmail edition1923

bulldog edition1926

final1931

air edition1939

1869 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 19 Feb. (1956) V. 16 Ticknor and Field have intimated some intention to bring out a library edition of all my books.

1917 Times 2 July 1 (top right-hand corner) Library Edition.

1939 A. Huxley Let. 19 Feb. (1969) 440 The idea of a library edition makes me feel most horribly posthumous.

1960 S. Unwin Truth about Publisher x. 150 They were..available only in the huge 38-volume Library Edition.

library frame n. see library spectacles n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles

half-moon glasses1607

half-moon spectacles1607

blinkers1732

temple-spectacles1762

reading glass1853

distance glasses1864

horn spectacles1893

bifocal1899

trifocal1899

horn-rims1927

harlequin spectacles1940

harlequin glasses1945

library frame1948

aviator1951

library glasses1959

library spectacles1962

multifocals1962

wire-rim1968

1948 Optical Practitioner II. vi. p. vi (advt.) Frames of unusual design specially made... The ‘London’ Library frame.

1962 L. S. Sasieni Princ. & Pract. Optical Dispensing i. 10 The heavy frame..is often called a ‘library’ frame.

1971 W. Garner Andra Fiasco ix. 56 She stared at him, reaching for a pair of library-frame glasses.

library glasses n. see library spectacles n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles

half-moon glasses1607

half-moon spectacles1607

blinkers1732

temple-spectacles1762

reading glass1853

distance glasses1864

horn spectacles1893

bifocal1899

trifocal1899

horn-rims1927

harlequin spectacles1940

harlequin glasses1945

library frame1948

aviator1951

library glasses1959

library spectacles1962

multifocals1962

wire-rim1968

1959 A.O.P. News 31 Dec. 9/1 Modern spectacles for men, such as library glasses..can give the wearer a distinguished appearance.

† library-keeper n. Obsolete a librarian.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > library or collection of books > librarian > [noun]

bibliothecar1581

bibliothecary1611

library-keeper1647

librarier1667

bibliothecarian1685

librarian1713

bibliothec1859

librarianess1862

reference librarian1892

branch librarian1938

teacher-librarian1975

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. iii. 2) This was their prime privilege, that they [the Jews] were God's library-keepers.

1743 T. Birch Life Boyle in Wks. (1772) I. p. lvi Dr. Thomas Barlow, then chief library-keeper of the Bodleian Library.

library shot n. (see quot.).

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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of

long shot1858

glass shot1908

close-up1913

aerial shot1920

angle shot1922

medium shot1925

far-away1926

travelling shot1927

zoom1930

zoom shot1930

process shot1931

close-medium shot1933

medium close-up1933

reverse angle1933

reverse shot1934

three-shot1934

tilt shot1934

medium-close shot1937

reaction shot1937

tracking shot1940

pan shot1941

stock shot1941

Dutch angle1947

cheat shot1948

establishing shot1948

master-scene1948

trucking shot1948

two-shot1949

bridging shot1951

body shot1952

library shot1953

master shot1953

mid shot1953

MS1953

pullback1957

MCU1959

noddy1982

arc shot1989

pop shot1993

1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing 280 Library shot, shot used in a film but not recorded specially for it; shot taken from a library or store of shots kept for future use.

library spectacles n. spectacles with heavy frames suitable for use when reading.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles

half-moon glasses1607

half-moon spectacles1607

blinkers1732

temple-spectacles1762

reading glass1853

distance glasses1864

horn spectacles1893

bifocal1899

trifocal1899

horn-rims1927

harlequin spectacles1940

harlequin glasses1945

library frame1948

aviator1951

library glasses1959

library spectacles1962

multifocals1962

wire-rim1968

1962 Listener 22 Feb. 346/1 The other, the one with the library spectacles, also lowered his paper.

1962 Gloss. Ophthalmic Lenses & Spectacle Frames (B.S.I.) 58 Library spectacles, spectacles of heavy weight with broad sides and usually of tortoiseshell or plastics.

library steps n. a step ladder for use in libraries.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > step-ladder

pairc1450

steps1693

stand-ladder1712

stepladder1751

library stepsc1762

high step1776

trap-ladder1855

c1762 W. Ince & J. Mayhew Universal Syst. Houshold Furnit. 3/1 (heading) Plate XXII. Two Designs of Library Steps; the First intended for a large Room.

1793 T. Sheraton App. to Cabinet-maker & Upholsterer's Drawing-bk. 9 There are other kinds of library steps which I have seen, made by other persons, but..these must have the decided preference.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. iii. 24 He would sit..perched upon the topmost bar of Doctor Portman's library steps with a folio on his knees.

1970 B. Cartland Secret Fear i. 5 He would notice the rosewood library steps below the place in the cabinet from which the book had been extracted.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

library tax n. the obligation imposed by law on publishers to supply gratis a copy or copies of the books published by them to certain public libraries.

Derivatives

ˈlibraryize v. (transitive) to place in a library.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1796 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1847) II. 361 If you see nothing in it [Beddoes's Essay] to library-ize it, send it me back next Thursday.

ˈlibraryless adj. without a library.

ΚΠ

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xviii. 199 Once a dunce, void of learning but full of Books, flouted a library-lesse Scholar with these words.

Draft additions June 2013

Molecular Biology. A collection of nucleic acid fragments replicated in a vector and representing all or part of the genetic information of a particular species, strain, cell type, etc. Frequently with modifying word.

ΚΠ

1978 T. Maniatis et al. in Cell 15 687 We present a procedure for eucaryotic structural gene isolation which involves the construction and screening of cloned libraries of genomic DNA.

1989 N.Y. Times 10 Oct. c7/3 Investigators can then search so-called DNA libraries to pull out the entire 40,000-base-pair sequence.

1997 W. R. Clark New Healers v. 80 One very useful application of cDNA cloning is the construction of a cDNA library. These libraries contain samples of all of the genes expressed in a particular cell type.

2011 Asian News Internat. (Nexis) 20 June This is the first time we've been able to use a whole library of DNA in a viral vaccine successfully.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	library
释义	libraryn.¹ Brit. /ˈlʌɪb(rə)ri/, U.S. /ˈlaɪˌbrɛri/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s librarie, Middle English lyberary, 1500s liberary, librarye. β. Middle English librair(e, Scottish librar. Etymology: < French librairie (1380 in Godefroy), now only in sense ‘bookseller's shop’ = Italian libreria , Spanish libreria , Portuguese livraria , representing. Common Romance librarīa (with suffix -īa* , -y suffix¹), < Latin librārium (French libraire bookseller), substantive use of librārius adjective, concerned with or employed about books, < libr- , liber book, believed to be a use of liber bark (see liber n.¹), the bark of trees having, according to Roman tradition, been used in early times as a writing material. Late Latin librāria (sc. taberna) occurs with the sense ‘bookseller's shop’. The Romance word admits of being viewed as < libro book + -arīa, but this leaves the ultimate analysis unaltered. 1. A place set apart to contain books for reading, study, or reference. (Not applied, e.g. to the shop or warehouse of a bookseller.) In various applications more or less specific. a. Applied to a room in a house, etc.; also, †a bookcase. In modern use, the designation of one of the set of rooms ordinarily belonging to an English house above a certain level of size and pretension. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > [noun] > room containing books libraryc1374 study1514 bookroom1771 bookstack1879 stack-room- society > communication > book > receptacle for books > [noun] > bookcase libraryc1374 deska1552 bookpress1611 bookcase1698 bookstand1743 bookrack1809 book unit1901 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. v. 15 The walles of thi lybrarye aparayled and wrowht with yuory and with glas. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. i. 142 Bochas pensief stode in his library. 1488 Inventory in Archaeologia 45 120 On the south side of the Vestrarie standeth a grete library. 1779 M. Tyson in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 195 I there saw his library, i.e. the Room which once contained his Books. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 6 The library occupied the west side of the chateau. 1854 W. Collins Hide & Seek (1861) ii. ii. 161 Zack descended cautiously to the back parlour, which was called a ‘library’. b. A building, room, or set of rooms, containing a collection of books for the use of the public or of some particular portion of it, or of the members of some society or the like; a public institution or establishment, charged with the care of a collection of books, and the duty of rendering the books accessible to those who require to use them.circulating, free, lending, reference library, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun] book houseOE aumbrya1225 libraryc1449 Athenaeum1799 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 30 In caas a greet clerk wolde go into a librarie and ouer studie there a long proces of feith writun in the Bible. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 35 A boke in the library of Gyldehall in London. 1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xxxiii. sig. H4^v To be sent to the Librarie at Oxford. 1708 Act 7 Anne c. 14 §1 Whereas of late Years several Charitable..Persons have..erected Libraries within several Parishes and Districts. 1847 Howitt's Jrnl. 1 119/1 A scheme of free libraries. By Dr. Smiles. 1847 Howitt's Jrnl. 1 119/2 Samuel Brown, the author of the system of Free Libraries, (or, as he styled them, ‘Itinerating Libraries’,) was a merchant of the small town of Haddington. 1850 Act 13 & 14 Vict. c. 65 §7 That Admission to such Libraries and Museums [established by Town Councils] shall be free of all Charge. 1850 Manch. Guardian 28 Dec. A Free Library and Museum for Manchester. 1855 Act 18 & 19 Victoria c. 70 An Act for further promoting the Establishment of Free Public Libraries and Museums in Municipal Towns. 1900 G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 210 The Merton library is..the oldest specimen of mediæval libraries in England. 1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 3/2 These things are surely axioms to the free-library reader. 1960 M. Sharp Something Light vi. 49 The meeting-place for intellectuals was the Free Library. c. (More fully, circulating library.) A private commercial establishment for the lending of books, the borrower paying either a fixed sum for each book lent or a periodical subscription.‘These are of two kinds: the establishments on a large scale that issue books to subscribers all over the country, and the smaller establishment, usually in the hands of a bookseller, which circulate among local subscribers books either kept in stock or borrowed from one of the larger ‘libraries’. In watering-places, the ‘libraries’ sometimes have reading-rooms attached, and were formerly places of social resort (cf. quots. 1836, 1839). In the West end of London some of the ‘libraries’ act as agencies for the sale of tickets for places of amusement.’ (N.E.D.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun] > private commercial book club1740 library1836 rental library1923 twopenny library1935 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 159 The ‘dear girls’..had been at different watering-places for four seasons; they had gambled at libraries,..sold at fancy fairs [etc.]. 1839 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz (new ed.) 373 The library [at Ramsgate] was crowded. There were the same ladies and the same gentlemen who had been on the sands in the morning. 1902 N.E.D. at Library Mod. Advt., Now ready at all the libraries, Mr. ——'s great novel, ——. d. A theatre-ticket agency. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > other parts of theatre > [noun] > box office > ticket agency library1827 1827 W. Clarke Every Night Bk. 108 It is..necessary..to procure tickets of admission prior to the opening of the doors: they may be had at the libraries of Ebers, or Andrews, in old Bond Street. 1902 W. H. Chantrey Theatre Accounts i. 7 The next source of income is derived from Library Bookings. It is usual for the management of a Theatre to allow a discount of from 5 to 10 per cent. upon seats booked by Libraries. 1959 Financial Times 23 June The word ‘library’ is used in the trade to designate a central source of tickets—a ‘ticket wholesaler’ might be a better term. 1973 Sunday Times 28 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 101/1 Ticket agencies..are..organised in the Combined Libraries Association (‘library’ is theatrical term for ticket agency). 2. a. The books contained in a ‘library’ (sense 1); ‘a large collection of books, public or private’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > [noun] library13.. Biblec1384 biblet1388 bibliothèque1549 bibliothecary1570 study1616 bookstock1796 bookery1798 13.. S. Erkenwolde 155 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 269 We haue oure librarie laitid þes longe seuene dayes. a1540 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 195/1 Let all the Liberaries bee sought in England. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Librarie..a great number of bookes. 1760 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. (ed. 3) III. 52 Cardinal Brancaccio has bequeathed a good library to this church. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 64 Pisistratus..is said to have been the first person in Greece who collected a library. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 373 In universities, as well as in cloisters, libraries were very small. β. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 14 And slouthe kepeth the libraire Which longeth to the Saintuaire.c1420 Pallad. on Husb. Prol. 96 In deskis xij hymselue, as half a strete, Hath boked thair librair vniuersal.a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 100 Ptolome..gadderit togidder in ane librar xxxvj thousand volummys.1580 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 183 (margin) New librare. b. Often used in the titles given by publishers to a series or set of books uniform or similar in external appearance, and ostensibly suited for some particular class of readers or for students of a particular subject, as in ‘The Library of Useful Knowledge’ (1826–1856), ‘The Parlour Library’ (consisting of novels, 1847–1863), ‘Bohn's Standard Library’, etc. Formerly also in the titles of bibliographical works, and of periodicals. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > series or set > [noun] > of same or similar form library1692 series1883 1692 (title) The Compleat Library: or News for the Ingenious. Containing Several Original Pieces. An Historical Account of the Choicest Books Printed... Notes on the Memorable Passages happening in May. As also the State of Learning in the World. To be Published Monthly. 1713 [A catalogue of books.] The Student's Library: a choice Collection of Books, In all Faculties and Parts of Learning. 1714 (title) The Ladies Library. Vol. I. Written by a Lady. Published by Mr. Steele. 1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xviii. 282 The books were thorough-bred Scotch..and..he prided himself upon the ‘Edinburgh Cabinet Library’. 1974 British Bks. in Print I. p. ccxxvi/1 Home University Library. Oxf. U.P. c. transferred and figurative; esp. used to denote: Thesaurus » (a) a great mass of learning or knowledge; (b) the objects of a person's study, the sources on which he depends for instruction. In quot. 1523 = a catalogue, list. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > list > [noun] tableOE scorec1325 billa1340 calendar?a1400 legendc1400 librarya1450 Ragmanc1450 Ragman rollc1450 cataloguea1464 repertory1542 scrowa1545 bedroll?1552 roll1565 file1566 state1582 inventory1589 brief1600 series1601 counter-roll1603 list1604 muster roll1605 cense1615 pinax1625 repertoirec1626 diagram1631 recensiona1638 repertorium1667 vocabulary1694 albe1697 enumeration1725 screed1748 album1753 tableau1792 roll-call1833 shopping list1923 laundry list1958 remainder list1977 society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] lorea1225 book1340 librarya1450 study1535 volume1597 subject1805 a1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 88 We xal lerne ȝow the lyberary of oure Lordys law lyght. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) v. 227 The lybrary of reason must be vnclosed. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 780 Of all ladyes he hath the library Ther names recountyng in the court of Fame. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 5 I began to reuolue the librarye of my vndirstanding. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cj One Drop of Truth..more worth, then whole Libraries of Opinions. 1654 J. Trapp Comm. Ezra vii. 6 Ye may be as learned as Tostatus..who was a living library. 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. F7^v Able to make the world both his Library and his Oratory. 1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 75 I darken his Merits if I call him less than a Walking Library. 1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. xxiii. 7 These Pharisees were for carrying a Library of God's Law on their Cloaths, scarce a Letter of it in their Hearts. 1883 J. Hawthorne Dust I. 104 Cards and men formed the library of the Duchess of Marlborough. (c) A collection of films, gramophone records, music, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > collection of records library1926 discotheque1929 1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 1095 Circulating library for music rolls. Arrangements can be made..for Members to subscribe to a Player Roll Library. 1937 Amer. Speech 12 47/1 Library, collection of sheet music. 1957 B.B.C. Handbk. 101 Some types of material are recorded specially for the library, as for example, folk-music, dialect, natural history, and sound effects. 1962 H. Orton Surv. Eng. Dial.: Introd. 20 The British Broadcasting Corporation's Permanent Sound-Record Library. 1969 Listener 12 June 836/3 Proms are no longer..regarded as the poor man's record library. 1974 Guardian 26 Mar. 32/3 The transcription service..provides a library of BBC programmes on slow-speed recordings. 1974 Times 7 Oct. 13/4 Borrowers frequently make tape-recordings..from the material borrowed and can thus acquire..an extensive library of recorded music without paying the composer a penny. 3. Computing. An organized collection of routines, esp. of tested routines suitable for a particular model of computer. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > group library1950 program library1957 suite1966 partition1968 1950 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 202 576 It is convenient to have a ‘library’ containing sub-routines for performing such standard operations as the evaluation of a sine, or a scalar product. 1951 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 206 539 There are..some eighty sub-routines in the EDSAC library. 1951 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 5 46 Routines for solving standard problems will be established on tape and stored in a ‘library’. 1958 Oxf. Mag. 29 May 469/1 Their ‘library’ consists of ‘routines’, ‘sub-routines’, and even ‘quickies’, programmes already existing and tested. 1958 Oxf. Mag. 29 May 469/1 As the library grows in extent, programming for new problems becomes easier. 1964 F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers ix. 143 Soon, ‘libraries’ of standard subroutines were available for each particular computer. 1966 A. Battersby Math. in Managem. viii. 195 Standard computing routines are always available for widely-used techniques such as network analyses or linear programming, and the range over which they extend is constantly widening. They are often referred to as ‘library programs’ or under the general term ‘software’. 1967 Technol. Week 23 Jan. 11/2 (advt.) Software for Sigma 5 includes..a library of mathematical, business and utility routines. Compounds C1. General attributive. library apartments n. ΚΠ 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 486 One of the library apartments is handsomely adorned with statues. library book n. ΚΠ 1863 ‘G. Hamilton’ Gala-days 146 There was the long service, Sunday school and library books. 1916 A. Bennett Lion's Share xxiv. 180 The women play golf all day on that appalling golf course, and then after tea they go into the town to change their library books. 1973 K. Giles File on Death iii. 66 My old girl retires to bed around eight, with her library book. library card n. ΚΠ 1966 A. Sachs Jail Diary xviii. 164 The station commander..has spoken to his wife and she doesn't mind if I use one of the family's library cards. library centre n. ΚΠ 1960 Libr. Assoc. Rec. Aug. 261/2 A library centre is a static service-point, whether or not under the control of paid staff, which does not comply with the definitions for full-time or part-time branches. library chair n. ΚΠ 1883 Heal & Son Catal. 181 Dining room and library chairs. 1970 Country Life 31 Dec. 16/2 (advt.) William IV mahogany library chair upholstered in antiqued Havana brown leather. library committee n. ΚΠ 1831 Congress. Rec. 7 Feb. 618 It was referred to the Library Committee. 1965 D. Davinson Acad. & Legal Deposit Libr. ii. 24 All British universities have a library committee formed from the Senate or similar body. library company n. ΚΠ 1745 B. Franklin Let. 11 Dec. in Wks. (1888) X. 238 Our Library Company sends for about twenty pounds sterling worth of books yearly. 1837 W. Jenkins Ohio Gazetteer 99 The public institutions are a bank, a library company and a mechanics society. library desk n. ΚΠ 1895 M. A. Jackson Mem. Stonewall Jackson (ed. 2) xi. 197 Between them is a library desk. library door n. ΚΠ 1861 J. Edmond Children's Church at Home iii. 49 A gentle tap at the library door. library house n. ΚΠ 1837 W. Jenkins Ohio Gazetteer 281 The library house is a handsome brick edifice. library material n. ΚΠ 1962 Listener 16 Aug. 259/2 John Elliot's production adroitly wove the tropical library material among the studio scenes. library room n. ΚΠ 1773 J. Boswell Jrnl. 19 Aug. in Jrnl. Tour Hebrides (1785) 61 We..visited Principal Murison at his college, where is a good library-room. library stairs n. ΚΠ 1598–9 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 482 The seelinge of the Library staires. library stamp n. ΚΠ 1861 Catal. Cathedral Libr. Calcutta App. 120 To stamp the title page and other parts of each volume with the Library-stamp. library style n. ΚΠ 1952 Vision VI. iii. 15/2 (caption) Heavy semi-rimless library style in dark mottled material. library table n. ΚΠ 1741 in Publ. Colonial Soc. Mass. (1925) XVI. 712 [The cross table was] compos'd of three Library Tables. 1853 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 29 Oct. (1954) II. 121 I wish to exchange my present one [sc. bookcase] for a Library Table, of which I am sorely in need. 1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Dec. 9/1 One of the most remarkable series of library tables (bureaux plats) to be found anywhere. 1971 Country Life 10 June (Suppl.) 52 (advt.) A rare small George III library table with pull-out steps, reading top and two slides, constructed with fine quality solid mahogany. Height 32″. Circa 1790. library ticket n. ΚΠ 1877 M. W. Chapman in H. Martineau Autobiogr. III. 63 Heaps of concert tickets, museum tickets, library tickets. 1950 O. Blakeston Pink Ribbon vi. 72 Amelia lent me her library tickets. 1965 ‘C. Fremlin’ Jealous One xiv. 110 The usual contents of a hand-bag—comb, purse, powder compact, cheque book, library ticket. C2. library binding n. a special strong binding of books for lending libraries. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun] antiquing1728 royal binding1808 Russia binding1817 gothique1818 half-binding1821 Roxburghe1839 paper cover1843 trade binding1874 tree-calf1879 Grolier1880 yapp1883 cloth-work1885 publisher's binding1885 tree-marble1885 treed calf1892 presentation binding1893 quarter leather1894 quarter calf1896 three-quarter binding1897 library binding1903 circuit-binding1909 publisher's cloth1911 quarter binding1912 loose back1923 open back1923 spring-back1923 spiral binding1949 1903 J. D. Brown Man. Libr. Econ. xxvi. 333 The principal leathers for public library bindings are pig-skin, Persian and Levant moroccos, and roan. 1952 W. McGill in Library World Dec. LIV. 90 (heading) A note on how some publishers produced reinforced or special library bindings for public libraries nearly 50 years ago. library edition n. an edition of good size and print and strongly bound, spec. a uniform edition of a writer's works; also (quot. 1917) an edition of a newspaper for depositing in certain libraries. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > edition > [noun] > other types of edition critical edition1721 trade edition1819 colonial edition1825 share book1853 stall-edition1854 Aldine1862 library edition1869 Kelmscott1920 cheaps1930 quickie1933 society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > editions of newspaper special edition1845 library edition1869 extra-special1889 airmail edition1923 bulldog edition1926 final1931 air edition1939 1869 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 19 Feb. (1956) V. 16 Ticknor and Field have intimated some intention to bring out a library edition of all my books. 1917 Times 2 July 1 (top right-hand corner) Library Edition. 1939 A. Huxley Let. 19 Feb. (1969) 440 The idea of a library edition makes me feel most horribly posthumous. 1960 S. Unwin Truth about Publisher x. 150 They were..available only in the huge 38-volume Library Edition. library frame n. see library spectacles n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles half-moon glasses1607 half-moon spectacles1607 blinkers1732 temple-spectacles1762 reading glass1853 distance glasses1864 horn spectacles1893 bifocal1899 trifocal1899 horn-rims1927 harlequin spectacles1940 harlequin glasses1945 library frame1948 aviator1951 library glasses1959 library spectacles1962 multifocals1962 wire-rim1968 1948 Optical Practitioner II. vi. p. vi (advt.) Frames of unusual design specially made... The ‘London’ Library frame. 1962 L. S. Sasieni Princ. & Pract. Optical Dispensing i. 10 The heavy frame..is often called a ‘library’ frame. 1971 W. Garner Andra Fiasco ix. 56 She stared at him, reaching for a pair of library-frame glasses. library glasses n. see library spectacles n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles half-moon glasses1607 half-moon spectacles1607 blinkers1732 temple-spectacles1762 reading glass1853 distance glasses1864 horn spectacles1893 bifocal1899 trifocal1899 horn-rims1927 harlequin spectacles1940 harlequin glasses1945 library frame1948 aviator1951 library glasses1959 library spectacles1962 multifocals1962 wire-rim1968 1959 A.O.P. News 31 Dec. 9/1 Modern spectacles for men, such as library glasses..can give the wearer a distinguished appearance. † library-keeper n. Obsolete a librarian. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > librarian > [noun] bibliothecar1581 bibliothecary1611 library-keeper1647 librarier1667 bibliothecarian1685 librarian1713 bibliothec1859 librarianess1862 reference librarian1892 branch librarian1938 teacher-librarian1975 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. iii. 2) This was their prime privilege, that they [the Jews] were God's library-keepers. 1743 T. Birch Life Boyle in Wks. (1772) I. p. lvi Dr. Thomas Barlow, then chief library-keeper of the Bodleian Library. library shot n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of long shot1858 glass shot1908 close-up1913 aerial shot1920 angle shot1922 medium shot1925 far-away1926 travelling shot1927 zoom1930 zoom shot1930 process shot1931 close-medium shot1933 medium close-up1933 reverse angle1933 reverse shot1934 three-shot1934 tilt shot1934 medium-close shot1937 reaction shot1937 tracking shot1940 pan shot1941 stock shot1941 Dutch angle1947 cheat shot1948 establishing shot1948 master-scene1948 trucking shot1948 two-shot1949 bridging shot1951 body shot1952 library shot1953 master shot1953 mid shot1953 MS1953 pullback1957 MCU1959 noddy1982 arc shot1989 pop shot1993 1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing 280 Library shot, shot used in a film but not recorded specially for it; shot taken from a library or store of shots kept for future use. library spectacles n. spectacles with heavy frames suitable for use when reading. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other types of spectacles half-moon glasses1607 half-moon spectacles1607 blinkers1732 temple-spectacles1762 reading glass1853 distance glasses1864 horn spectacles1893 bifocal1899 trifocal1899 horn-rims1927 harlequin spectacles1940 harlequin glasses1945 library frame1948 aviator1951 library glasses1959 library spectacles1962 multifocals1962 wire-rim1968 1962 Listener 22 Feb. 346/1 The other, the one with the library spectacles, also lowered his paper. 1962 Gloss. Ophthalmic Lenses & Spectacle Frames (B.S.I.) 58 Library spectacles, spectacles of heavy weight with broad sides and usually of tortoiseshell or plastics. library steps n. a step ladder for use in libraries. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > step-ladder pairc1450 steps1693 stand-ladder1712 stepladder1751 library stepsc1762 high step1776 trap-ladder1855 c1762 W. Ince & J. Mayhew Universal Syst. Houshold Furnit. 3/1 (heading) Plate XXII. Two Designs of Library Steps; the First intended for a large Room. 1793 T. Sheraton App. to Cabinet-maker & Upholsterer's Drawing-bk. 9 There are other kinds of library steps which I have seen, made by other persons, but..these must have the decided preference. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. iii. 24 He would sit..perched upon the topmost bar of Doctor Portman's library steps with a folio on his knees. 1970 B. Cartland Secret Fear i. 5 He would notice the rosewood library steps below the place in the cabinet from which the book had been extracted. Thesaurus » Categories » library tax n. the obligation imposed by law on publishers to supply gratis a copy or copies of the books published by them to certain public libraries. Derivatives ˈlibraryize v. (transitive) to place in a library.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1796 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1847) II. 361 If you see nothing in it [Beddoes's Essay] to library-ize it, send it me back next Thursday. ˈlibraryless adj. without a library. ΚΠ 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xviii. 199 Once a dunce, void of learning but full of Books, flouted a library-lesse Scholar with these words. Draft additions June 2013 Molecular Biology. A collection of nucleic acid fragments replicated in a vector and representing all or part of the genetic information of a particular species, strain, cell type, etc. Frequently with modifying word. ΚΠ 1978 T. Maniatis et al. in Cell 15 687 We present a procedure for eucaryotic structural gene isolation which involves the construction and screening of cloned libraries of genomic DNA. 1989 N.Y. Times 10 Oct. c7/3 Investigators can then search so-called DNA libraries to pull out the entire 40,000-base-pair sequence. 1997 W. R. Clark New Healers v. 80 One very useful application of cDNA cloning is the construction of a cDNA library. These libraries contain samples of all of the genes expressed in a particular cell type. 2011 Asian News Internat. (Nexis) 20 June This is the first time we've been able to use a whole library of DNA in a viral vaccine successfully. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † libraryn.² Forms: In Middle English plural librarijs. Etymology: < Latin librārius: see librarian n. Obsolete. A scribe. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writer > [noun] > copyist librarya1382 scribe1535 exemplifier1552 stationer1576 copier1597 transcriber1610 transcriptor1617 copy-clerk1623 exscribera1631 bibliographer1656 calligrapher1662 librarian1670 copist1682 copyist1699 calligraph1801 copiator1811 calligraphist1816 copying clerk1836 chirographer1848 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Esther viii. 9 The scribis and the librarijs [a1425 L.V. writeris, L. librariis] of the king. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹13..n.²a1382
随便看	address book address bus address card address code address commission address label address modification address space address the chair address to a person under cover to address to a person under cover to another address to the throne address to under cover to address to under cover to another address, bend, direct, dress, gye, etc one's style addressabilities addressability addressable addressed addressedness addressee addressees addresser addresseress addressers

libraryn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

Draft additions June 2013

† libraryn.2

libraryn.¹

† libraryn.²