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单词 liberally
释义

liberallyadv.

Brit. /ˈlɪb(ə)rəli/, /ˈlɪb(ə)rl̩i/, U.S. /ˈlɪb(ə)rəli/
Forms: see liberal adj. and n. and -ly suffix2; also 1600s librally, 1600s–1700s lib'rally.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally partly modelled on a Latin lexical item, and partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: liberal adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < liberal adj. + -ly suffix2, originally after classical Latin līberāliter, Anglo-Norman and Middle French liberalment, Middle French liberalement (13th cent. in Old French; French libéralement).
1.
a. Generously; lavishly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [adverb]
roomlyOE
freelyOE
unsparelya1225
largelyc1225
largec1350
liberallyc1410
unsparinglya1500
beneficially1530
bounteously1531
plenteously1535
frankly1551
well1565
well-favouredly1570
bountifully1580
prodigally1590
amply1594
munificently1594
royally1601
prodigal1603
generously1623
ungrudginglya1631
lavishly1769
unstintingly1857
spaciously1864
open-handedly1924
c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 181 William..liberally [?a1475 Harl. gretely, L. liberaliter] rewarded..went aȝen to Normandye.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xliii. 168 Blanchardyn..right lyberaly graunted to hym his requeste.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDviiiv Which..ministreth to their neyghbours liberally, suche goodes..as they haue receyued of god.
a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 49 For such a one they lib'rally will give.
1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 119 How can God, though of his own nature never so liberally disposed, give to him who has liberty of asking, and yet does not?
1704 London Gaz. No. 4020/1 Your Majesty so Liberally upon all Occasions imparting to Your Subjects the Blessings You receive from God.
1762 North Briton No. 12 It [sc. Johnson's dictionary] will give the country of the old Romans the justest ideas of English liberty, and of the present patrons of it among us, who have so liberally rewarded the author.
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. vii. 336 Promises, and even gold,..were liberally lavished.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vi. 99 And, if I do anything worthy of praise, she gives me my meed liberally.
1885 Sir H. Cotton in Law Times Rep. 53 481/2 The bill..is one which the clients are not bound to pay unless they are minded to deal liberally with the solicitors.
1913 E. de Wolfe House in Good Taste (1914) xix. 286 He did everything for us, introduced us to his friends,..gave us liberally of his charm and knowledge, and finally gave us the chance to buy this old house.
1974 K. E. Woodiwiss Wolf & Dove 144 He entertained her liberally with the courtly ways of a Norman knight.
1998 A. Murray Suicide in Middle Ages I. p. ix My dossier of evidence..has been equally enriched by help from friends. Dr Patricia Morison liberally gave me material from her own big dossier of miracula.
b. Abundantly, amply, plentifully.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adverb] > liberally or without stint
roomlyOE
freelyOE
unwaindandlyc1425
roundc1450
liberally1509
superabundantly1530
spareless1567
meeterly1589
generously1623
handsomely1686
unstintedly1849
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxvii. 130 With golden droppes so lyberally indewed.
1585 C. Fetherston tr. J. Calvin Comm. Actes Apostles vi. 1 Their widowes were not so liberallie relieued.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 4 That vertue which she could not liberallie impart, Shee striueth to amend by her owne proper Art.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation lv. 565 As they were both riding home from a Treat, at which they had drunk liberally.
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 63 He spared not to blame him liberally for it.
1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 23 Acid fruits should be liberally offered.
1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 111 After allowing liberally for casualties during the advance.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 8/1 The hair beneath her plain little felt bonnet was liberally streaked with gray.
1954 G. Beer Austrian Cooking 106 Dust liberally with icing sugar.
1968 Listener 26 Sept. 421/2 Peel's linking comments are liberally sprinkled with in-references to musicians and to long-playing records.
2006 A. Beaujon Body Piercing saved my Life iii. 63 Some artists take this as a call to liberally season their work with accounts of personal struggles and failures.
2.
a. Freely, without constraint; (esp. of speech) without reserve or restraint. In negative sense: insolently, licentiously. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > [adverb]
freelyeOE
wilfullyc1000
by one's willOE
of oneselfOE
self-willesOE
of one's own willOE
willyOE
with one's willc1175
voluntarilyc1374
wilfulc1380
of one's own heada1393
willea1400
willilya1400
of (free) voluntyc1402
of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402
of one's own motion1419
of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425
on one's own heada1425
of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450
activelyc1454
willinglyc1475
voluntary1480
liberallya1500
of one's own swinge1548
voluntariously1550
voluntarlyc1568
for favour1574
at voluntary1585
of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585
selfly1595
motu proprio1603
ultroneously1627
unimposedly1647
spontaneously1660
needlessly1710
unmechanically1764
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adverb]
unredlya1200
outrightc1300
largec1405
largelya1450
liberallya1500
frankly1541
unrestrainedly1635
ramping1807
outrightly1914
balls-out1959
uninhibitedly1959
the mind > language > malediction > [adverb] > strongly (of language)
foullyc1400
largelya1450
liberally1614
swearinglya1617
thunderingly1680
lusciously1710
a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 63 (MED) Al thyes lyberteis and customes..the fore sayd Burgeses claymes for to hafe..and yr antecessors liberally hafe usyd be fore tyme.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Q.vj Your daughter may speke lyberally with hir cousyns.
1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 3 The Mayre..shall..suffre all thinhabitauntes..lyberally and freely without interrupcion..to..bringe their saide hearinges.
1568 Mary Queen of Scots Let. 18 Jan. in H. Campbell Love Lett. Mary Queen of Scots (1824) App. 30 Thay would have persuadit me be craft to have liberallie dimittit my crown.
1614 J. Cooke Greenes Tu Quoque sig. C1v Had mine owne brother spoke thus liberally, My fury should haue taught him better manners.
1646 J. Maxwell Burden of Issachar 32 Some may thinke, I speake liberally; God forbid I should doe it.
1707 G. Hickes Two Treat. i. ii. 50 The first spoke too liberally, when he said, that the whole Protestant Communion deny Bishops to be proper Priests.
1778 J. Brett tr. B. J. Feijóo y Montenegro Three Ess. or Disc. 66 The principles on which such conclusions are founded, to speak liberally, are uncertain and doubtful.
1827 Q. Rev. June 236 Our worthy Philhellenes have been rather liberally accusing one another of prevarication and falsehood.
b. In a lax or dissolute manner. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [adverb]
untowelya1230
jollilyc1400
wantonlyc1405
small?c1450
nice?1544
loosely1548
licentiously1561
liberally1596
naughtily1609
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 109 Vthiris in the meine tyme leiuet sa liberallie, forgetting planelie yr office and seruice ecclesiastical.
c. Chiefly with reference to interpretation: loosely, broadly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adverb]
overheadOE
generally1340
overalla1393
largelya1398
altogether1566
roundly1584
liberally1708
broadly1856
überhaupt1875
1708 Gamesters Law iv. 54 The Statute of Gaming would be of little use, if it is not extended to By-betts, but only to the Gaming it self; and this Act hath always been construed liberally.
1756 T. Rutherforth Inst. Nat. Law II. ix. 624 Whether it is to be interpreted liberally or not, must be determined in the same manner, as if we had any other writing to construe.
1804 Times 11 Apr. 2/4 Where any doubts may arise upon the meaning of any particular clause, it will be interpreted liberally, and rather to the advantage of the individual who thinks he is entitled to a benefit from it.
1861 Dublin Rev. Feb. 443 The rules..had several features in common, but they seem to have been liberally interpreted.
1908 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 16 588 There is a line, or more accurately, a band or zone somewhere between 100 per cent. value and the 50 per cent. value, and this band, speaking very liberally, will be somewhere between 60 per cent. and 75 per cent. of the original cost.
1959 F. Sondern Brotherhood of Evil iv. 54 A code of behavior gradually took shape, and came to be known in the brotherhood as omertà, which can be translated liberally as ‘conspiracy of silence’.
2000 B. P. Krages Total Environmental Compliance v. 87 The rationale behind construing these laws liberally is that the promotion of the social good should not be obstructed through an overly strict reading of the law.
3. With reference to education: (in early use) as befits a person of superior social status; (later) so as to effect a general broadening of the mind. See liberal adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [adverb]
liberally1624
ingenuously1670
humanistically1875
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [adverb]
squirelyc1400
gentlemanlyc1425
gentlewomanlikea1528
gentlemanlike1542
genteelly1601
liberally1624
tweedily1964
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον v. 227 Certaine huntsmen.., chancing vpon so sweete and beautifull an infant, tooke her home, and sawe her fairely and liberally educated.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 157. ⁋4 A certain Hardness and Ferocity which some Men, tho' liberally educated, carry about them in all their Behaviour.
1774 London Chron. 24 Nov. 509/1 Inheriting a great estate, and liberally educated, his disposition led him easily to a country life.
1830 Foreign Rev. 5 405 His daughters were..very liberally educated; they were informed in the Latin and Greek languages, in dialectics and astronomy.
1879 Academy 17 May 426/2 In vain are the liberal arts and sciences professed in a school or college if they are not taught liberally, and by liberally-bred teachers.
1900 Longman's Mag. Oct. 591 Not to know Queen Anne's wits and their works is not to be liberally educated.
1952 S. S. Center Art of Bk. Reading p. xix It is an electorate liberally educated and a free press that give security to a democratic society.
2007 M. Tehranian in W. T. Anderson et al. Learning to Seek ii. 27/2 Others will focus on educating broadly and liberally.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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