leprosyn.

Brit.

/ˈlɛprəsi/, U.S.

/ˈlɛprəsi/

Forms: late Middle English lepruse, 1500s lepresie, 1500s–1600s leprosye, 1500s–1600s leprousie, 1500s–1700s leprosie, 1500s– leprosy, 1600s leaprosie.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymons: French leprosie, Latin leprosia.

Etymology: Probably < Anglo-Norman leprosie, leprosye leprosy or other skin disease (12th cent.; compare Middle French leprosie (1584)), probably < lepros leprous adj. + -ie -y suffix³. Compare post-classical Latin leprosia, although this is apparently only attested denoting a leper house (13th cent. in British and continental sources). Compare also (denoting the disease) Old Occitan lebrosia , Catalan llebrosia (14th cent.), Spanish †leprosia (late 15th cent.), Italian lebbrosia (14th cent., now archaic). Compare earlier leper n.¹ and lepra n., and compare also leprosity n., lepry n.In English translations of the Bible (compare quot. 1535 at sense 1) traditionally rendering Hebrew ṣāraʿaṯ, denoting various skin diseases (translated in the Septuagint by ancient Greek λέπρα lepra n.; the precise sense is often difficult to determine), as well as a fungal infection of garments or other objects.

1. Originally (frequently with distinguishing word): disease causing scaliness, loss of pigmentation, or scabbiness of the skin; an instance or type of such disease; (now historical). In later use: spec. the chronic disease caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which affects mainly the skin and peripheral nerves, causing nodular and macular lesions of the skin which are often pale and scaly, and loss of sensory and motor function (esp. in the limbs) resulting in destruction of tissue and deformity of the affected parts of the body in severe untreated cases; also called Hansen's disease and (now historical) elephantiasis or elephantiasis Graecorum.For centuries leprosy was greatly feared because of its contagious nature (though this was often exaggerated) and its potentially disfiguring effects, and those affected with it were forced to live in strict isolation from the rest of society. Attitudes have changed only slowly since the development of effective treatments in the middle of the 20th cent.Leprosy appears to have been common in Europe in the Middle Ages, but its prevalence had declined by the end of that period, and it is now mainly a disease of the tropics. It occurs in a number of different forms, determined primarily by the immune response of the infected individual, including lepromatous leprosy (see lepromatous adj. 2), tuberculoid leprosy (see tuberculoid adj. 1b), histoid leprosy (see histoid adj. 2), etc. It can also be classified by the number of bacteria identifiable in lesions of the skin; see multibacillary adj. at multi- comb. form 1a, paucibacillary adj. at pauci- comb. form .Other diseases for which the name was originally used probably include unrelated conditions such as psoriasis, scabies, leukoderma or vitiligo, and syphilis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy

spittle-evil?c1225

leperc1275

meselrya1387

lepraa1398

mesela1400

leprosy?a1450

leprosityc1451

lepryc1475

leperhood1491

leperhead1493

leprousnessa1500

lazaryc1503

meselnessc1520

tyre1547

lepernessa1557

satyriasis1587

lazarousness1648

leontiasis1753

cocobay1788

Hansen's disease1938

?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 187 (MED) Also it wele disstroye þe ewyl peyne of lepruse [v.rr. lepur, lepre].

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xiii. 3 Then is it surely a leprosy [a1382 Wycliffite, E.V. aplage of lepre].

1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Buckingham ci Thy deare doughter stroken with leprosye.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. ii. 200 Little tumours are called of them little eminences or appearings, or breakings out called pusshes, which are commonly seene in the skinne, and the vttermost partes of the bodie, as the Greekes leprosie, the scabbe, the ringworme, and such other like.

1603 J. Balmford Short Dialogue Plagues Infection 37 As the infection of the Plague, so of the Leprosie was communicated by the ayre, and not onely by touching.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 71 These Waters dry up and heal..Leprosie and other Affections of the Skin.

1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 72 And sometimes this Scurvey degenerates into a kind of Leprosy, which they call a Bastard scurvey, and is discerned by hairs falling from the Eye-brees, the Nose falling in &c... This Bastard Leprosy, they judge, is caused by the many grey Fishes..which they eat.

1722 Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 109 Any Proof..that Persons had been Salivated in their Leprosy.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 18 Her skin is as white as leprosy.

1801 H. T. Colebrooke Jrnl. in Life (1873) 176 Last month, a young man..was going to be buried alive, on account of the leprosy.

1822 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 18 111 No two diseases, in truth can be more opposite than the tubercular or Arabian, and the scaly or Greek leprosy; and yet this excellent German likens the radesyge..to both.

1858 Harper's Mag. Apr. 636/2 But in the progress of civilization ‘Sweating Sickness’, ‘Black Death’,..‘Leprosy’ (or tubercular Elephantiasis), have all disappeared.

1870 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Apr. 404/1 What is called ‘Baras’, or ‘white leprosy’, is really leucoderma.

1925 F. Harris My Life & Loves III. xii. 183 The great London doctors knew nothing about leprosy and cared less.

1954 E. Huxley Four Guineas (1955) 267 The new drug—diaminodiphenylsulphone..offers the first certain cure.., and leprosy can be cured in six months.

1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 614 (table) One man had neural leprosy and developed nodular leprosy, with lepra bacilli visible in damaged tissue, in the blue part of his tattoo.

2001 Y. Martel Life of Pi (2002) xxv. 70 These people walk by a widow deformed by leprosy begging for a few paise, walk by children dressed in rags living in the street.

2. figurative and in figurative contexts. A tainting influence or effect; the condition of being tainted, excluded, shunned, or reviled. Also with modifying word. In early use chiefly in religious contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [noun]

fenc897

foulnessOE

foulhead1340

filthiness?1504

lepry1526

fedity1542

leprosy?1555

fulsomeness1563

disdain1590

obscenitya1618

sewer1647

fetidness1704

putridity1823

fetidity1829

disgustingness1851

feculence1860

grunginess1978

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > a morbid moral condition

rusteOE

maladyc1385

disease1509

lepry1526

boil1537

leprosy?1555

imposthume1565

gangrene1588

ulcer1592

diseasedness1614

lesion1640

unwholesomeness1881

?1555 G. Menewe Plaine Subuersyon Popecatholykes sig. D.ii Synne is spyrytuall Leprosye.

1598 S. Rowlands Betraying of Christ 14 My leprosie is a defiled soule.

a1623 W. Pemble Vindiciæ Gratiæ (1627) Pref. 18 The tongues, the pens, the practises of not a few discover unto us this leprosie of Atheisticall contempt of Gods wisedome, arising in their foreheads.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xli. 265 Such men as are cleansed of the Leprousie of Sin by Faith.

1722 R. Blackmore Redemption iii. 141 The foul infectious leprosy of vice.

1751 J. Brown Ess. Characteristics 237 What this leprosy of false knowledge may end in, I am unwilling to say.

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 96 When nations are to perish in their sins, 'Tis in the church the leprosy begins.

1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 269 Idleness is a moral leprosy, which soon eats its way into the heart.

1878 S. Royce Deterioration & Race Educ. vii. 465 We lump together under pauperism, a name that means social leprosy, a pest and every other thing that is loathsome—the poor insane, the idiot boy, the orphan, the widow, the sick and the man of a hundred years.

1935 J. H. Noyes Yankee St. vi. 109 External law attempts to check the leprosy of sin by external medication: the new covenant purges the blood and by this purging removes the necessity of external medication.

2005 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 166/3 He sounded a note of defiance..but social leprosy was hard on his constitution.

†a. Any of various diseases affecting the skin of horses, esp. mange or glanders. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > other disorders of horses

trench?a1450

colt-evilc1460

affreyd?1523

cholera1566

crick1566

incording1566

leprosy1566

taint1566

eyesore1576

fistula1576

wrench1578

birth1600

garrot1600

stithy1600

stifling1601

stranglings1601

hungry evil1607

pose1607

crest-fall1609

pompardy1627

felteric1639

quick-scab1639

shingles1639

clap1684

sudden taking1688

bunches1706

flanks1706

strangles1706

chest-founderingc1720

body-founder1737

influenza1792

foundering1802

horse-sickness1822

stag-evil1823

strangullion1830

shivering1847

dourine1864

swamp fever1870

African horse sickness1874

horse-pox1884

African horse disease1888

wind-stroke1890

thump1891

leucoencephalitis1909

western equine encephalitis1933

stachybotryotoxicosis1945

rhinopneumonitis1957

1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 2^v, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe The cankred maunginesse, most commonly called of the olde wryters the Leprosy.

1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 105, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe The Leprosie or vniuersall maunginesse called of the olde wryters Elephantia.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. lxxxvii. 79 The Leprosie in a horse is when the mangines spreades ouer the whole bodye, and is to be cured as you cure the mangines in the taile.

1656 Markham's Perfect Horseman (ed. 2) 168 (heading) For any Maungie or universall Leprosie in a foul surfeited Horse.

1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Quick-scab, a Distemper in a Horse, which putrifies and corrupts the Blood and Flesh, and at last breaks out in a loathsome Manner, much like the Mange or Leprosy.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Farcy, the leprosy of horses. It is probably curable by antimony.

1821 T. Cooper Willich's Domest. Encycl. (Amer. ed. 2) III. App. 21/1 The farcy, or farcin, is a kind of leprosy, or creeping ulcer, on the legs, lips, face, &c.

b. More fully murine leprosy, rat leprosy: a disease occurring in rats and other rodents, characterized by granulomatous lesions of the skin and lymph nodes, and caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Also (in full feline leprosy): a similar disease in cats, caused by M. lepraemurium (acquired from infected rodents) or other mycobacteria.

ΚΠ

1908 W. B. Wherry in Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 5 508 Careful search was made for leprosy in rats in order to gain some idea as to its prevalence.

1931 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 25 87 Unlike tuberculosis, human leprosy is, as far as we know, entirely confined to the human race, just as rat leprosy is confined to rats and similar rodents.

1974 Jrnl. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 165 1085 (title) A disease resembling feline leprosy in western Canada.

1977 Cellular Immunol. 29 338 Recently we have demonstrated a marked perturbation in the traffic of recirculating T-lymphocytes of rodents with murine leprosy.

2004 Jrnl. Feline Med. & Surg. 6 235 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis provided evidence for two different mycobacterial species, Mycobacterium lepraemurium and a potentially novel species, as causative agents of ‘feline leprosy’.

†4. = leprosarium n. Cf. leprosery n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto

mesel house?a1400

mesel-cote1402

malantary?a1425

maladerie1461

lazar-cote1470

lazar-house1530

lazaretto1549

lazarus-house1560

leper house1574

pest-house1594

lazaret1611

leprosery1792

leper asylum1818

leprosy1834

leprosarium1869

1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 89 A malady for which a few centuries ago there were more than twenty thousand lazarettos in Europe. In the fourteenth century, in the domains of the Seigneur de Courcy alone, there were ten of these leprosies.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and other compounds.

ΚΠ

1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 88 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. They take away leprosy nayles, and scoure Lichenas.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck De Kleppe van een Lazarus, the Clicket which a Leprosie man beggs with.

1705 London Gaz. No. 4106/4 His Cordial Antidote for eradicating all..Leprosie Humours out of the Blood.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 69 Instances of transmission in leprosy-free countries.

1933 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19 487 Macht showed that the blood of leprosy patients also gives a specific phytotoxic reaction.

1959 G. Greene Congo Jrnl. 10 Feb. in In Search of Character (1961) 41 Leprosy cases where disease has been arrested and cured only after the loss of fingers or toes are known as burnt-out cases.

1990 Indian Express (Cochin) 24 Jan. 5/5 As part of the leprosy week programme, the Leprosy Mission, Calicut Chapter, distributed 70 chappals to the inmates of the leprosy hospital.

2001 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chem. Lett. 11 2123/2 Autoinoculable and even metastatic skin ulcers, resembling leprosy lesions.

C2.

leprosy bacillus n. [after German Lepra-bacillus (see lepra bacillus n. at lepra n. Compounds 2)] the causative agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, which is an acid-fast rod-shaped bacterium which cannot be cultured in vitro but can be grown in a few animals, esp. the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (cf. lepromin n.); also called Hansen's bacillus.

ΚΠ

1882 Med. Times & Gaz. 22 Apr. 412/1 Even the leprosy-bacillus will take on a certain colouring..which the bacillus of tubercle resists.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxiv. 302 The first member to be described was My. lepræ, or the leprosy bacillus, which was observed by Hansen (1874) in the epithelial cells of the characteristic nodules of leprosy, but it was not cultivated.

1971 Sci. News 28 Aug. 138 The armadillo would also provide a ready source of bacteria for study. Although the leprosy bacillus was discovered in 1873, no one has succeeded in culturing it.

2003 Science 25 Apr. 553/2 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system are differentially activated in response to the leprosy bacillus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	leprosy
释义	leprosyn. Brit. /ˈlɛprəsi/, U.S. /ˈlɛprəsi/ Forms: late Middle English lepruse, 1500s lepresie, 1500s–1600s leprosye, 1500s–1600s leprousie, 1500s–1700s leprosie, 1500s– leprosy, 1600s leaprosie. Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymons: French leprosie, Latin leprosia. Etymology: Probably < Anglo-Norman leprosie, leprosye leprosy or other skin disease (12th cent.; compare Middle French leprosie (1584)), probably < lepros leprous adj. + -ie -y suffix³. Compare post-classical Latin leprosia, although this is apparently only attested denoting a leper house (13th cent. in British and continental sources). Compare also (denoting the disease) Old Occitan lebrosia , Catalan llebrosia (14th cent.), Spanish †leprosia (late 15th cent.), Italian lebbrosia (14th cent., now archaic). Compare earlier leper n.¹ and lepra n., and compare also leprosity n., lepry n.In English translations of the Bible (compare quot. 1535 at sense 1) traditionally rendering Hebrew ṣāraʿaṯ, denoting various skin diseases (translated in the Septuagint by ancient Greek λέπρα lepra n.; the precise sense is often difficult to determine), as well as a fungal infection of garments or other objects. 1. Originally (frequently with distinguishing word): disease causing scaliness, loss of pigmentation, or scabbiness of the skin; an instance or type of such disease; (now historical). In later use: spec. the chronic disease caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which affects mainly the skin and peripheral nerves, causing nodular and macular lesions of the skin which are often pale and scaly, and loss of sensory and motor function (esp. in the limbs) resulting in destruction of tissue and deformity of the affected parts of the body in severe untreated cases; also called Hansen's disease and (now historical) elephantiasis or elephantiasis Graecorum.For centuries leprosy was greatly feared because of its contagious nature (though this was often exaggerated) and its potentially disfiguring effects, and those affected with it were forced to live in strict isolation from the rest of society. Attitudes have changed only slowly since the development of effective treatments in the middle of the 20th cent.Leprosy appears to have been common in Europe in the Middle Ages, but its prevalence had declined by the end of that period, and it is now mainly a disease of the tropics. It occurs in a number of different forms, determined primarily by the immune response of the infected individual, including lepromatous leprosy (see lepromatous adj. 2), tuberculoid leprosy (see tuberculoid adj. 1b), histoid leprosy (see histoid adj. 2), etc. It can also be classified by the number of bacteria identifiable in lesions of the skin; see multibacillary adj. at multi- comb. form 1a, paucibacillary adj. at pauci- comb. form .Other diseases for which the name was originally used probably include unrelated conditions such as psoriasis, scabies, leukoderma or vitiligo, and syphilis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy spittle-evil?c1225 leperc1275 meselrya1387 lepraa1398 mesela1400 leprosy?a1450 leprosityc1451 lepryc1475 leperhood1491 leperhead1493 leprousnessa1500 lazaryc1503 meselnessc1520 tyre1547 lepernessa1557 satyriasis1587 lazarousness1648 leontiasis1753 cocobay1788 Hansen's disease1938 ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 187 (MED) Also it wele disstroye þe ewyl peyne of lepruse [v.rr. lepur, lepre]. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xiii. 3 Then is it surely a leprosy [a1382 Wycliffite, E.V. aplage of lepre]. 1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Buckingham ci Thy deare doughter stroken with leprosye. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. ii. 200 Little tumours are called of them little eminences or appearings, or breakings out called pusshes, which are commonly seene in the skinne, and the vttermost partes of the bodie, as the Greekes leprosie, the scabbe, the ringworme, and such other like. 1603 J. Balmford Short Dialogue Plagues Infection 37 As the infection of the Plague, so of the Leprosie was communicated by the ayre, and not onely by touching. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 71 These Waters dry up and heal..Leprosie and other Affections of the Skin. 1701 J. Brand Brief Descr. Orkney, Zetland 72 And sometimes this Scurvey degenerates into a kind of Leprosy, which they call a Bastard scurvey, and is discerned by hairs falling from the Eye-brees, the Nose falling in &c... This Bastard Leprosy, they judge, is caused by the many grey Fishes..which they eat. 1722 Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 109 Any Proof..that Persons had been Salivated in their Leprosy. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 18 Her skin is as white as leprosy. 1801 H. T. Colebrooke Jrnl. in Life (1873) 176 Last month, a young man..was going to be buried alive, on account of the leprosy. 1822 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 18 111 No two diseases, in truth can be more opposite than the tubercular or Arabian, and the scaly or Greek leprosy; and yet this excellent German likens the radesyge..to both. 1858 Harper's Mag. Apr. 636/2 But in the progress of civilization ‘Sweating Sickness’, ‘Black Death’,..‘Leprosy’ (or tubercular Elephantiasis), have all disappeared. 1870 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Apr. 404/1 What is called ‘Baras’, or ‘white leprosy’, is really leucoderma. 1925 F. Harris My Life & Loves III. xii. 183 The great London doctors knew nothing about leprosy and cared less. 1954 E. Huxley Four Guineas (1955) 267 The new drug—diaminodiphenylsulphone..offers the first certain cure.., and leprosy can be cured in six months. 1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 614 (table) One man had neural leprosy and developed nodular leprosy, with lepra bacilli visible in damaged tissue, in the blue part of his tattoo. 2001 Y. Martel Life of Pi (2002) xxv. 70 These people walk by a widow deformed by leprosy begging for a few paise, walk by children dressed in rags living in the street. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. A tainting influence or effect; the condition of being tainted, excluded, shunned, or reviled. Also with modifying word. In early use chiefly in religious contexts. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [noun] fenc897 foulnessOE foulhead1340 filthiness?1504 lepry1526 fedity1542 leprosy?1555 fulsomeness1563 disdain1590 obscenitya1618 sewer1647 fetidness1704 putridity1823 fetidity1829 disgustingness1851 feculence1860 grunginess1978 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > a morbid moral condition rusteOE maladyc1385 disease1509 lepry1526 boil1537 leprosy?1555 imposthume1565 gangrene1588 ulcer1592 diseasedness1614 lesion1640 unwholesomeness1881 ?1555 G. Menewe Plaine Subuersyon Popecatholykes sig. D.ii Synne is spyrytuall Leprosye. 1598 S. Rowlands Betraying of Christ 14 My leprosie is a defiled soule. a1623 W. Pemble Vindiciæ Gratiæ (1627) Pref. 18 The tongues, the pens, the practises of not a few discover unto us this leprosie of Atheisticall contempt of Gods wisedome, arising in their foreheads. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xli. 265 Such men as are cleansed of the Leprousie of Sin by Faith. 1722 R. Blackmore Redemption iii. 141 The foul infectious leprosy of vice. 1751 J. Brown Ess. Characteristics 237 What this leprosy of false knowledge may end in, I am unwilling to say. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 96 When nations are to perish in their sins, 'Tis in the church the leprosy begins. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 269 Idleness is a moral leprosy, which soon eats its way into the heart. 1878 S. Royce Deterioration & Race Educ. vii. 465 We lump together under pauperism, a name that means social leprosy, a pest and every other thing that is loathsome—the poor insane, the idiot boy, the orphan, the widow, the sick and the man of a hundred years. 1935 J. H. Noyes Yankee St. vi. 109 External law attempts to check the leprosy of sin by external medication: the new covenant purges the blood and by this purging removes the necessity of external medication. 2005 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 166/3 He sounded a note of defiance..but social leprosy was hard on his constitution. 3. †a. Any of various diseases affecting the skin of horses, esp. mange or glanders. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > other disorders of horses trench?a1450 colt-evilc1460 affreyd?1523 cholera1566 crick1566 incording1566 leprosy1566 taint1566 eyesore1576 fistula1576 wrench1578 birth1600 garrot1600 stithy1600 stifling1601 stranglings1601 hungry evil1607 pose1607 crest-fall1609 pompardy1627 felteric1639 quick-scab1639 shingles1639 clap1684 sudden taking1688 bunches1706 flanks1706 strangles1706 chest-founderingc1720 body-founder1737 influenza1792 foundering1802 horse-sickness1822 stag-evil1823 strangullion1830 shivering1847 dourine1864 swamp fever1870 African horse sickness1874 horse-pox1884 African horse disease1888 wind-stroke1890 thump1891 leucoencephalitis1909 western equine encephalitis1933 stachybotryotoxicosis1945 rhinopneumonitis1957 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 2^v, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe The cankred maunginesse, most commonly called of the olde wryters the Leprosy. 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 105, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe The Leprosie or vniuersall maunginesse called of the olde wryters Elephantia. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. lxxxvii. 79 The Leprosie in a horse is when the mangines spreades ouer the whole bodye, and is to be cured as you cure the mangines in the taile. 1656 Markham's Perfect Horseman (ed. 2) 168 (heading) For any Maungie or universall Leprosie in a foul surfeited Horse. 1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Quick-scab, a Distemper in a Horse, which putrifies and corrupts the Blood and Flesh, and at last breaks out in a loathsome Manner, much like the Mange or Leprosy. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Farcy, the leprosy of horses. It is probably curable by antimony. 1821 T. Cooper Willich's Domest. Encycl. (Amer. ed. 2) III. App. 21/1 The farcy, or farcin, is a kind of leprosy, or creeping ulcer, on the legs, lips, face, &c. b. More fully murine leprosy, rat leprosy: a disease occurring in rats and other rodents, characterized by granulomatous lesions of the skin and lymph nodes, and caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Also (in full feline leprosy): a similar disease in cats, caused by M. lepraemurium (acquired from infected rodents) or other mycobacteria. ΚΠ 1908 W. B. Wherry in Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 5 508 Careful search was made for leprosy in rats in order to gain some idea as to its prevalence. 1931 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 25 87 Unlike tuberculosis, human leprosy is, as far as we know, entirely confined to the human race, just as rat leprosy is confined to rats and similar rodents. 1974 Jrnl. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 165 1085 (title) A disease resembling feline leprosy in western Canada. 1977 Cellular Immunol. 29 338 Recently we have demonstrated a marked perturbation in the traffic of recirculating T-lymphocytes of rodents with murine leprosy. 2004 Jrnl. Feline Med. & Surg. 6 235 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis provided evidence for two different mycobacterial species, Mycobacterium lepraemurium and a potentially novel species, as causative agents of ‘feline leprosy’. †4. = leprosarium n. Cf. leprosery n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto mesel house?a1400 mesel-cote1402 malantary?a1425 maladerie1461 lazar-cote1470 lazar-house1530 lazaretto1549 lazarus-house1560 leper house1574 pest-house1594 lazaret1611 leprosery1792 leper asylum1818 leprosy1834 leprosarium1869 1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 89 A malady for which a few centuries ago there were more than twenty thousand lazarettos in Europe. In the fourteenth century, in the domains of the Seigneur de Courcy alone, there were ten of these leprosies. Compounds C1. General attributive and other compounds. ΚΠ 1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 88 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. They take away leprosy nayles, and scoure Lichenas. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck De Kleppe van een Lazarus, the Clicket which a Leprosie man beggs with. 1705 London Gaz. No. 4106/4 His Cordial Antidote for eradicating all..Leprosie Humours out of the Blood. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 69 Instances of transmission in leprosy-free countries. 1933 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19 487 Macht showed that the blood of leprosy patients also gives a specific phytotoxic reaction. 1959 G. Greene Congo Jrnl. 10 Feb. in In Search of Character (1961) 41 Leprosy cases where disease has been arrested and cured only after the loss of fingers or toes are known as burnt-out cases. 1990 Indian Express (Cochin) 24 Jan. 5/5 As part of the leprosy week programme, the Leprosy Mission, Calicut Chapter, distributed 70 chappals to the inmates of the leprosy hospital. 2001 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chem. Lett. 11 2123/2 Autoinoculable and even metastatic skin ulcers, resembling leprosy lesions. C2. leprosy bacillus n. [after German Lepra-bacillus (see lepra bacillus n. at lepra n. Compounds 2)] the causative agent of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, which is an acid-fast rod-shaped bacterium which cannot be cultured in vitro but can be grown in a few animals, esp. the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (cf. lepromin n.); also called Hansen's bacillus. ΚΠ 1882 Med. Times & Gaz. 22 Apr. 412/1 Even the leprosy-bacillus will take on a certain colouring..which the bacillus of tubercle resists. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxiv. 302 The first member to be described was My. lepræ, or the leprosy bacillus, which was observed by Hansen (1874) in the epithelial cells of the characteristic nodules of leprosy, but it was not cultivated. 1971 Sci. News 28 Aug. 138 The armadillo would also provide a ready source of bacteria for study. Although the leprosy bacillus was discovered in 1873, no one has succeeded in culturing it. 2003 Science 25 Apr. 553/2 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system are differentially activated in response to the leprosy bacillus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1450
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