levinn.

Brit.

/ˈlɛvɪn/, U.S.

/ˈlɛvən/

Forms: Middle English levene, Middle English leyven, leivin, Middle English levyn, Middle English–1500s lewyn(e, 1500s leav'n, Middle English–1600s, 1800s leven, levin.

Etymology: Middle English leven(e, of obscure origin. By some conjectured to represent an unrecorded Old Norse or Old English cognate of Old Norse leiptr (feminine), lightning; but this is very doubtful. Phonetic laws as known at present do not allow of connecting Middle English levene with Middle Swedish ljugn-elder (modern Swedish ljung- ), lyghna , Danish lyn-ild , lightning, Danish lyne , to lighten; these words are cognate with Old English líg leye n., and ultimately with light n.¹

archaic.

Lightning; a flash of lightning; also, any bright light or flame.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > [noun] > as an object of perception

lightOE

levinc1300

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > lightning

fireOE

lightinglOE

levininga1300

levinc1300

lightningc1300

lightc1325

thunderlightc1374

firelighta1400

laitinga1400

lighten?a1425

Jove's or God's branda1522

fulgur1563

thunder-shot1606

whirl-fire1606

the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [noun] > lightning > bead or forked lightning > flash of

laitc900

slaughta1300

levinc1300

fire-slaughta1400

flaughta1400

thunderboltc1440

fudder1513

fire-flaughta1522

flag of firea1522

bolt1535

strokea1542

lightning bolta1560

lightning1560

fire-bolt?1562

fulgur1563

fulmen1563

thunder-thump1563

light-bolt1582

fire-flash1586

blaze1590

flake1590

clap1591

blastc1665

glade1744

streak1781

thunder-ball1820

leader stroke1934

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2690 And forth rith al so leuin fares.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3265 Ðhunder and leuene..God sente on ðat hird.

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 277 With wilde thonder dynt and firy leuene Moote thy welked nekke be to-broke.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 77 The thonder with his fyri levene So cruel was upon the hevene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22477 Þe sterns wit þair leman [Gött. lemand] leuen.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. ii Out of whose mouthe, leuen and wylde fyre, Lyke a flawme euer blased out.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 153 All the wod on a leuyn Me thoght that he gard Appere.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxvii. f. cxlviii^v Out of the East parte appered a great leuyn or beme of bryghtnes.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 10 All thocht he be the hart and lamp of hevin, Forfeblit wolx his lemand giltly lewyne, Throw the declyning of his large round speir.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 210 Mars he resembles thee, when from fift heau'n Thou comst down guirt with ire & ghastly leau'n.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vi. sig. R6 As when the flashing Leuin haps to light Vppon two stubborne oakes.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. i. i. xxii Swift as the levin from the sneezing skie.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxiv. 46 The Mount, where Israel heard the law, Mid thunder-dint, and flashing levin, And shadows, mists, and darkness, given.

1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend v. 255 See! from its summit the lurid levin Flashes downward.

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 348 I would that..the almighty Sire Would hurl me with his leven to the shades.

1880 A. C. Swinburne Garden of Cymodoce in Songs Springtides 90 The leaping of the lamping levin afar.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

levin-bolt n.

ΚΠ

1820 W. Scott Monastery I. ii. 108 ‘God-a-mercy, my little levin-bolt,’ said Stawarth.

1866 J. Conington tr. Virgil Æneid vi. 200 The levin-bolt's authentic fire.

levin-brand n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden > bright or burning

levin bronda1599

levin-brand1805

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. xxvi. 186 Resistless flashed the levin-brand.

1848 C. Brontë Jane Eyre (ed. 2) Pref. p. x Some of those..over whom he flashes the levin-brand of his denunciation.

† levin brond n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden > bright or burning

levin bronda1599

levin-brand1805

a1599 E. Spenser Canto Mutabilitie vi. xxx, in Faerie Queene (1609) sig. Hh5^v And eft his burning levin-brond in hand he tooke.

levin-fire n.

ΚΠ

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3046 Ðhunder and hail and leuenes fir.]

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ii. 55 Crash after crash, as with wild thunder-dint and levin-fire.

levin-flame n.

ΚΠ

1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. xxxiii. 260 Like wolves before the levin flame.

1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 229 The leven flame Forth from his eyes, forth from his nostrils came.

C2.

levin-darting adj.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. xv. 106 They were not armed like England's sons, But bore the levin-darting guns.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† levinv.

Etymology: < levin n.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To lighten, emit flashes of light or lightning. Also transitive with cognate object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > emit beams (of a luminary) [verb (intransitive)] > flash lightning

laita1225

lightena1398

levina1400

flush-flash1582

fulgurate1677

flash1791

fork1807

streak1849

lightning1861

the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > emit beams (of a luminary) [verb (transitive)] > flash lightning

levina1400

fulminate1630

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [verb (intransitive)] > lighten

laita1225

lightena1398

levina1400

lightning1861

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [verb (transitive)] > strike with lightning

levina1400

fulminate1666

a1400 Early Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter cxliii. 7 Leuen brightnesses [L. fulgura coruscationem].

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 665/7 Fulgurat, lewnes.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/1 Lyghtenyn, or leuenyn, coruscat, fulmino.

1483 Cath. Angl. 215/1 To Levyn or to smytte with y^e lewenynge.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 609/2 It leveneth, as the lygtenyng dothe... Dyd you nat se it leven right nowe?

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7723 His Ene leuenaund with light as a low fyn.

Derivatives

† ˈlevining adj. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [adjective] > gleaming, glimmering, or flickering

levininga1340

leaming1387

gloringa1400

gleamingc1400

glimpsing1551

shimmering1558

glooming1579

brandishing1581

gleamy1593

glancing1596

glimmering1600

flickering1608

flashing1616

blinking1681

glimmerous1793

skimmeringa1800

aglimmer1828

agleam1854

aglint1871

aglance1880

glinting1883

shimmery1883

glimmery1906

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter Cant. 510 In shynynge of þi leuenand spere.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1988 With a leuenyng light as a low fyre.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	levin
释义	levinn. Brit. /ˈlɛvɪn/, U.S. /ˈlɛvən/ Forms: Middle English levene, Middle English leyven, leivin, Middle English levyn, Middle English–1500s lewyn(e, 1500s leav'n, Middle English–1600s, 1800s leven, levin. Etymology: Middle English leven(e, of obscure origin. By some conjectured to represent an unrecorded Old Norse or Old English cognate of Old Norse leiptr (feminine), lightning; but this is very doubtful. Phonetic laws as known at present do not allow of connecting Middle English levene with Middle Swedish ljugn-elder (modern Swedish ljung- ), lyghna , Danish lyn-ild , lightning, Danish lyne , to lighten; these words are cognate with Old English líg leye n., and ultimately with light n.¹ archaic. Lightning; a flash of lightning; also, any bright light or flame. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > [noun] > as an object of perception lightOE levinc1300 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > lightning fireOE lightinglOE levininga1300 levinc1300 lightningc1300 lightc1325 thunderlightc1374 firelighta1400 laitinga1400 lighten?a1425 Jove's or God's branda1522 fulgur1563 thunder-shot1606 whirl-fire1606 the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [noun] > lightning > bead or forked lightning > flash of laitc900 slaughta1300 levinc1300 fire-slaughta1400 flaughta1400 thunderboltc1440 fudder1513 fire-flaughta1522 flag of firea1522 bolt1535 strokea1542 lightning bolta1560 lightning1560 fire-bolt?1562 fulgur1563 fulmen1563 thunder-thump1563 light-bolt1582 fire-flash1586 blaze1590 flake1590 clap1591 blastc1665 glade1744 streak1781 thunder-ball1820 leader stroke1934 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2690 And forth rith al so leuin fares. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3265 Ðhunder and leuene..God sente on ðat hird. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 277 With wilde thonder dynt and firy leuene Moote thy welked nekke be to-broke. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 77 The thonder with his fyri levene So cruel was upon the hevene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22477 Þe sterns wit þair leman [Gött. lemand] leuen. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. ii Out of whose mouthe, leuen and wylde fyre, Lyke a flawme euer blased out. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 153 All the wod on a leuyn Me thoght that he gard Appere. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxvii. f. cxlviii^v Out of the East parte appered a great leuyn or beme of bryghtnes. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 10 All thocht he be the hart and lamp of hevin, Forfeblit wolx his lemand giltly lewyne, Throw the declyning of his large round speir. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 210 Mars he resembles thee, when from fift heau'n Thou comst down guirt with ire & ghastly leau'n. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vi. sig. R6 As when the flashing Leuin haps to light Vppon two stubborne oakes. View more context for this quotation 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. i. i. xxii Swift as the levin from the sneezing skie. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxiv. 46 The Mount, where Israel heard the law, Mid thunder-dint, and flashing levin, And shadows, mists, and darkness, given. 1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend v. 255 See! from its summit the lurid levin Flashes downward. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 348 I would that..the almighty Sire Would hurl me with his leven to the shades. 1880 A. C. Swinburne Garden of Cymodoce in Songs Springtides 90 The leaping of the lamping levin afar. Compounds C1. General attributive. levin-bolt n. ΚΠ 1820 W. Scott Monastery I. ii. 108 ‘God-a-mercy, my little levin-bolt,’ said Stawarth. 1866 J. Conington tr. Virgil Æneid vi. 200 The levin-bolt's authentic fire. levin-brand n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden > bright or burning levin bronda1599 levin-brand1805 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. xxvi. 186 Resistless flashed the levin-brand. 1848 C. Brontë Jane Eyre (ed. 2) Pref. p. x Some of those..over whom he flashes the levin-brand of his denunciation. † levin brond n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden > bright or burning levin bronda1599 levin-brand1805 a1599 E. Spenser Canto Mutabilitie vi. xxx, in Faerie Queene (1609) sig. Hh5^v And eft his burning levin-brond in hand he tooke. levin-fire n. ΚΠ a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3046 Ðhunder and hail and leuenes fir.] 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ii. 55 Crash after crash, as with wild thunder-dint and levin-fire. levin-flame n. ΚΠ 1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. xxxiii. 260 Like wolves before the levin flame. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 229 The leven flame Forth from his eyes, forth from his nostrils came. C2. levin-darting adj. ΚΠ 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. xv. 106 They were not armed like England's sons, But bore the levin-darting guns. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † levinv. Etymology: < levin n. Obsolete. intransitive. To lighten, emit flashes of light or lightning. Also transitive with cognate object. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > emit beams (of a luminary) [verb (intransitive)] > flash lightning laita1225 lightena1398 levina1400 flush-flash1582 fulgurate1677 flash1791 fork1807 streak1849 lightning1861 the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > emit beams (of a luminary) [verb (transitive)] > flash lightning levina1400 fulminate1630 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [verb (intransitive)] > lighten laita1225 lightena1398 levina1400 lightning1861 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [verb (transitive)] > strike with lightning levina1400 fulminate1666 a1400 Early Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter cxliii. 7 Leuen brightnesses [L. fulgura coruscationem]. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 665/7 Fulgurat, lewnes. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/1 Lyghtenyn, or leuenyn, coruscat, fulmino. 1483 Cath. Angl. 215/1 To Levyn or to smytte with y^e lewenynge. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 609/2 It leveneth, as the lygtenyng dothe... Dyd you nat se it leven right nowe? c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7723 His Ene leuenaund with light as a low fyn. Derivatives † ˈlevining adj. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [adjective] > gleaming, glimmering, or flickering levininga1340 leaming1387 gloringa1400 gleamingc1400 glimpsing1551 shimmering1558 glooming1579 brandishing1581 gleamy1593 glancing1596 glimmering1600 flickering1608 flashing1616 blinking1681 glimmerous1793 skimmeringa1800 aglimmer1828 agleam1854 aglint1871 aglance1880 glinting1883 shimmery1883 glimmery1906 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter Cant. 510 In shynynge of þi leuenand spere. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1988 With a leuenyng light as a low fyre. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1300v.a1340
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