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Lentenn.adj. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Dutch lentin- (in lentinmānōth the first month of spring, March; Middle Dutch lentin , Middle Dutch, Dutch lente ), Middle Low German lenten , lente , Old High German lengizin , lenzin (usually in lenzinmānōd ; Middle High German lenze , (in compounds also) lenzen- , German Lenz , now archaic and literary) < the Germanic base of long adj.1 (on account of the lengthening of days in spring) + an element of uncertain origin, probably either a Germanic base with the sense ‘day’, or perhaps a derivational suffix (or a combination of such suffixes).If the West Germanic word is a compound, the second element is most likely to be the Germanic base seen in the second element of Gothic sinteins daily, sinteino always (see discussion at time n.) or perhaps a related base with a short vowel, cognate with e.g. Sanskrit dina day (see nundine n.). Parallel forms without stem-final nasal. Compare Old High German langez (Middle High German langez , German regional (Bavarian) Längeß , (Austrian) Langis , etc.) and Old High German langezo , lenzo , which may reflect separate formations < the Germanic base of long adj.1 + a derivational suffix without a nasal. Later German forms (Middle High German lenze , German Lenz ) probably partly continue such forms, as well as Old High German lengizin , lenzin . Forms without -n in other languages first appear at a later date and are more likely to be the result of shortening (compare Lent n.1). Form history. In Old English usually a strong masculine; occasionally also a strong neuter. With the β. forms compare the β. forms at western n.1 and the discussion at that entry. Compare also similar forms at even n.1 and fasten n.; however, in the case of Lenten n. such forms are unusually common (especially in Scots). In Old English the spelling of -en as -ern is associated with Northumbrian; the isolated occurrence of Old English lenctern in a (southern) late West Saxon manuscript is exceptional and may perhaps show an error. Variation in the ending in α. forms (as e.g. forms in -oun or -one ) apparently results from association with variation shown by other words ending in -en (of various origins, both where -en is original and where it is not; compare e.g. batten n.1, kitten n., warden n.1). Specific uses. On the names of the seasons in the Germanic languages see the discussion at summer n.1 The ecclesiastical use of the word (see sense A. 2 and the corresponding adjective senses) is specific to English and not paralleled in the other West Germanic languages. Conversely, its use in the name of March as the first month of spring in some other languages (compare Old Dutch lentinmānōth and Old High German lenzinmānōd ) is not paralleled in Old English (for the Old English names of that month compare Lide n. and the discussion at March n.2). Compare also the discussion of the division of the year at summer n.1 and adj. As noun in sense A. 1 superseded by spring n.1 17, largely before the 16th cent.; in other senses superseded by the shortened form Lent n.1 in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. The use as adjective originates in an attributive use of the noun (in Old English always uninflected as first element of a compound; compare quots. OE1, OE2, OE3 at sense B. 1 (quot. OE2 apparently shows a connecting vowel -e- , not an adjectival inflection)); subsequently (especially from the 16th cent. onwards, as the noun began to fall out of use) reanalysed as < Lent n.1 + -en suffix4. Compare Middle Dutch lentin (adjective, rare) of or relating to spring. With Clean Lenten at sense A. 2a (and likewise Clean Lent at Lent n.1 2a) perhaps compare post-classical Latin pura Quadragesima , although this is apparently first attested much later (18th cent. or earlier). Perhaps compare also the Old English collocations clǣne tīd , clǣne tīma (both in sense ‘pure or hallowed time’) denoting Lent, with reference to purification by fasting. With Lenten meat (see quots. a1500, 1528 at sense B. 2) compare earlier Lent meat n. at Lent n.1 Compounds 2. A. n.the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > spring eOE (Mercian) (1965) lxxiii. 16 (17) Tu fecisti omnes terminos terrae, aestatem et uer tu fecisti ea : ðu dydes all gemæru eorðan sumur & lenten ðu dydes ða. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. lxxii. 148 Nis nan blodlæstid swa god swa on foreweardne lencten..& on kalendas aprilis ealra selest. lOE (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 454 On længtene eregian & impian, beana sawan, wingeard settan. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 8891 Illke lenntenn forenn þeȝȝ Till ȝerrsalæmess chesstre. Aȝȝ att te passke messe daȝȝ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 15287 Þer-after com leinten [c1300 Otho leinte] and dæȝes gunnen longen. a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 43 Lenten ys come wiþ loue to toune. a1500 (Sloane) (1890) 45 (MED) A ploughe shall erye iij tymis in a yere, þt is to say, in wyntur, in lentyn, and in lyke seede tyme. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid (new ed.) xiiii. f. 184v Neyther may the Lentons cold thy budding frutetrees kill. 1771 in J. G. Michie (1901) 110 By the lentran work, Eight horses with hands to work them with, in the muck miden. 1821 T. Atkinson 51 At Beltane, or Lantryne, or hairst time, I'm blythe. 1850 J. Crawford 48 Owre love's untimely urn, That scaith'd the lentryne o' they life. 1887 19 May 3/6 A coors lentren aye bodes a coors autum. 1970 (Univ. Edinb.: School of Sc. Stud. Sound Archive) (SA1970.242) (MS transcript) That was all the potatoes that they keepit 'at they öt to the Lentren. †2. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Lent > [noun] α. OE Homily: Sermo Bone Praedicatio (Otho B.x) in A. S. Napier (1883) 305 Ne næfre on lenctentide ne næfre, þonne fæsten aboden sy, þe ma, þe man mot on lenctene oððe frigedagum flæsces brucan. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 57 Haldeð silence..in þe lenten þreo daȝes. a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 10 (MED) Vre leawede breþren siggeð..ine leinten ‘laus tibi domine rex eterne glorie.’ 1340 (1866) 175 Efterward ine one time þanne in an-oþre, ase in lenten, oþer in ane heȝe messedaye. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xiv. l. 81 To lene ne to lere ne lentenes to faste. c1450 (?a1400) (BL Add. 38666) (1926) l. 4398 (MED) Of quadragesme now speke we that clene lentoun callet ys..Quadragesme..begynnes that Sonday..that at masse Inuocauit me Ys sungen. 1492 in S. Tymms (1850) 74 I wole that the seyd prest abyde in Rome alle Lenton. a1513 H. Bradshaw (1521) i. xix. sig. g.iiii Truly for to fast, the holy tyme of Lenton. 1553 T. Becon (1563) 244 The fyrst Sonday in cleane lenton. 1616 King James VI & I Trew Law of Free Monarchies in 202 As in the law of abstaining from eating of flesh in Lenton, the king will, for examples sake, make his owne house to obserue the Law. society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > forty days c1390 (?a1300) (Vernon) (1867) i. l. 403 (MED) Of more pardoun I wol ȝou say At seint Laurence vche a day Seuen þousend ȝer, with lentons þer-to. c1450 J. Capgrave (Bodl. 423) (1911) 74 This uisioun caused popes in elde tyme to graunte grete indulgence to þis hous xl ȝere & xl lentones. c1503 R. Arnold f. lviv/2 Here folowt the knowelege what a karyne ys... He that fulfilleth alle thes poyntis vij. yere duryng, dothe and wynnethe, a karyne that ys to sey a lenton. 1603 G. Downame i. viii. 136 To all them that dayly goe to the church of Saint Peter, Syluester graunted the third part of all their sinnes released, and 2800 years pardon. And the merits of as many Lentons or Quarins. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > fast > [noun] > period of ?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew (1880) 41 [Þo] holy lenten þat bygynneþ fro þe twelþe day of cristemasse to þe fulle fourti daies..& be þei not constreyned þat wilen not, but faste þei anoþer lenten til the resurreccioun of þe lord. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 74 (MED) There bethe in the yere foure lentyns, scilicet, one afore Paske..The secunde Quadragesime is after the vtas of Pentecost..The thridde Quadragesime is the myddis of heruest..And the fourthe Quadragesime is before the Natiuite of oure lord. c1600 (?c1395) (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 11 (MED) Þe Lengþe of a Lenten, flech moot y leue. B. adj.society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Lent > [adjective] OE (1992) iii. 74 vi þing synt nydebehefe to habbanne þære halgan cristenlican æwfæstnesse & ealra mæst on þyssum halgum lengtenfæstenes [read þyssum halgum lengtenfæstene; c1175 Bodl. 343 þisses halȝæ læncȝtenfestenes]. OE (Tiber.) (1888) xli. 73 In quadragesima vero usque in pasca ad vesperam reficiant : on lænctene fæsten oð eastran on æfæn hi gereordian. OE Byrhtferð (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 82 Ver ys lengtentima, and he gæð to tune on vii idus Februarii.] a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 25 (MED) In leinten time, unwilc mon gað to scrifte. c1390 in C. Brown (1924) 179 (MED) Lentun-dayes, þei ben longe, And nou weor good tyme to amende. c1425 (Cambr.) (1904) xii. 4 (MED) Hit was lenten tyme, ande efter Paske wolde he lede hym forþe vnto þo puple. 1532 T. More iii. p.cccx By these tradicions haue we the holy lenton faste. 1563 N. Winȝet (1888) I. 127 Quhy obeyt ȝe nocht ȝour selfis the last lentrene tyme ȝour magistratis. a1623 W. Pemble (1628) 16 As Popish Postillers and Preachers doe in their Lenton Sermons. 1644 J. Milton 10 And perhaps it was the same politick drift that the Divell whipt St. Jerom in a lenten dream, for reading Cicero. a1701 H. Maundrell (1703) 74 This being the day in which their Lenten disciplines expir'd. 1742 R. Challoner II. 229 In this prison he remained till the Lenten Assizes. 1814 Ld. Byron (ed. 7) ii. lxxviii. 108 Yet mark their mirth—ere lenten days begin. 1876 C. H. Spurgeon 94 To listen to these sermons must have afforded a suitable Lenten penance to those who went to church to hear them. 1916 B. Carman in W. S. Braithwaite (ed. 2) 6 They had been schooled and heard the mellow chimes For Lenten litanies and daily prayers. 1945 E. Waugh i. v. 98 This or that Jesuit or Dominican had..sailed near the wind in his Lenten discourses. 2010 (National ed.) 10 Feb. d5/4 Clean Monday, a holiday in Greece, marks the start of the Lenten season. the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > of the appearance or face society > faith > worship > liturgical year > fast > [adjective] a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 79 (MED) In the firste be enioyned to hym the faste of xl dayes so that he faste yche Wedenysday and Friday brede and water and in the toþer dayes with lentyn mete. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano sig. U.ijv Phisitians counsaile vs to eate water cressis in lent bicause lenten meate is flematike. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. i. 1/1 in R. Holinshed I For the Lenton prouision of such nations as lie vpon the Leuant seas. 1604 W. Shakespeare ii. ii. 318 To thinke my Lord if you delight not in man, what Lenton entertainment the players shall receaue from you. View more context for this quotation a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Honest Mans Fortune iv. i, in (1647) sig. Vuuuu4/2 Who can reade In thy pale face, dead eye, or lenten shute, The liberty thy ever giving hand Hath bought for others. 1661 S. Pepys 10 Mar. (1970) II. 52 Dined at home on a poor Lenten dinner of Coleworts and bacon. a1716 R. South (1717) VI. 110 If he steps forth with a Friday-look and a Lenten Face..Oh! then he is a Saint upon Earth. 1750 T. Carte II. 702 There were large quantities of Lenten food, particularly herrings. 1840 R. H. Barham Lay St. Nicholas in 1st Ser. 263 His lenten fare now let me share. 1854 R. Browning Twins in R. Browning & E. B. Browning 14 For Dabitur's lenten face, No wonder if Date rue. 1925 Jan. 307/2 The long and lenten abstinence from revenge had but given edge to his appetite. 1983 K. M. Makhmudov & S. G. Salikov 8/1 Khurda—Lenten soup with rice and vegetables. 2014 (Nexis) 21 Mar. Heading off to church where the Lenten gloom would be temporally lifted with flowers and music. Compounds the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [noun] > person having a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. G4/2 I'll have my swindge upon thee; Sirha? Rascall? You lenten Chaps, you that lay sick, and mockt me. society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > curtain or hanging cloth > [noun] > as a covering > to cover images during Lent 1429 Will in (1895) 5 303 (MED) ij auter clothes in maner of lenton clothes. 1546–7 in H. J. F. Swayne (1896) 274 vij yardes of Oscon brigges for to make Seynt Thomas a lenton' clothe at iiijd the yarde. 1894 22 Aug. 5/1 A new magenta, bright and beautiful, is to be known as ‘Pivoine;’ deep purple, like lenten cloths, is ‘Prelat’. 2000 63 176/1 There was another very popular medium in which these narratives were depicted with a comparable breadth of vision, namely Lenten cloths. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > grain crop > lenten crop a1500 (Sloane) (1890) 44 Lenten corne, as with otys, pecys, barly, & soyche oþer graynes. 1753 June 267/2 A dry season at this time of year, after the wet month of February..makes the best seed-time for all lenten corn. 1854 in 13 May 505/1 A very large breadth of Lenten corn was put into the ground before the commencement of April. 1917 12 Sept. 64/3 The Lenten Corn is a little better in those places, where it was not damaged by the dry weather in June. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk (Claud.) (1974) l. 75 Leste he forȝet by lentenes day [c1450 Douce 103 ester day]. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective] 1604 T. Middleton sig. Cv Hee..was conducted through two or three hungry roomes..by a Lenten faced Fellow. 1834 ii. 131 He had been succeeded by some zealous lenten-faced, soupmaigre eating, but plotting and avaricious Jesuits, called in modern parlance Missionaries. 2000 C. Starnino iv. 47 I was always lenten-faced as a child. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > dried fruit > [noun] > dried figs 1611 R. Cotgrave Figue de Caresme, a drie fig, a Lenten fig. 1656 P. Heylyn v. v. 260 Next they had Nuts, course Dates and Lenten-figs, And Apples from a basket made of twigs. 2014 R. L. Krueger & J. H. M. Taylor tr. A. de la Sale 166 Lenten figs baked in sugar [Fr. les figues de caresme avec le sucre rosties]. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > grain crop > lenten crop 1669 J. Worlidge xii. 224 This is a principal Seed-Moneth for such they usually call Lenten Grain. 1899 8 Mar. 8/6 Only on the lighter lands..has any real progress been made with the sowing of Lenten grain. 1805 A. Scott 39 O lentrin kail, meed of my younger days. 1820 W. Scott I. xiv. 292 Monks..are merriest..when they sup beef-brewis for lenten-kail. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > daffodil and allied flowers > daffodil 1874 Sept. 612/1 Every valley has its little streamlet, which flows silently along the base of the hills, its mimic reaches overshadowed by alders, and adorned by a golden fringe of lenten lilies. 1896 A. E. Housman xxix. 43 And there's the Lenten lily That..dies on Easter day. 2014 M. Bagshaw i. 40 Farndale Valley bursts at the seams with visitors in late March and early April. The reason for this popularity is the best display of wild daffodils, or lenten lilies, in the country. 1698 M. Lister 21 The Flesh Eaters will ever defend themselves, if not beat the Lenten Men. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > pie without meat 1597 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 123 No hare sir, vnlesse it be a hare in a lenten pye . View more context for this quotation 1875 30 Dec. 5/6 We..contrive to consume a double portion of pancakes, bean cakes, and Lenten pies. 2006 117 57 Phanouropita is considered to be a ‘poor’ pie, meaning that it is a Lenten pie. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > Christmas rose or Lenten rose 1879 25 Apr. Suppl. 2/3 The white and yellow varieties of the mountain or mock Daffodils (N[arcissus] incomparabilis) are well worth good culture, not forgetting their double-flowered forms, which have been well named ‘Lenten Roses’. 1880 27 Mar. 8/2 Hellebores (Christmas and Lenten roses) are numerous, some pretty, some curious. 1900 W. D. Drury x. 330 Equally deserving of praise are the Lenten Roses (H. orientalis), whose flowers embrace all the shades of rose and purple, as well as white and cream. 1970 C. Lloyd v. 378 The main flush of blossom from Lenten roses is borne from February till April. 2001 Apr. 42/1 Along the edge of the woods, they planted shade beds containing..Lenten rose (Helleborus orientalis), and more than 100 additional species. the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > Lenten or fast-day food a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. ccxi Lentyn stuffe for ye vytaylynge of hyr Hoost. 1548 f. cvj The most part of the cariage was heryng & Lenten stuffe. c1613 (a1509) in T. Stapleton (1839) 198 And your Lenten stoufe is to bey, and I wote not what to do. 1882 23 Feb. 7/2 Fair supplies of Lenten stuff at market, in brisk demand at the following rates. OE Homily: Sermo Bone Praedicatio (Otho B.x) in A. S. Napier (1883) 305 Ne næfre on lenctentide ne næfre, þonne fæsten aboden sy, þe ma, þe man mot on lenctene oððe frigedagum flæsces brucan. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 12921 Til he had fasten his lententide. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in (1846) I. 46 Sermones hie had tawght befoir the haill Lentrantyde preceding. 1861 Oct. 78 William and his Norman troops pitched their tents in the marshes of the Bure, at the commencement of Lententide. 1968 39 37/2 To ask once more what the thrust of the Lententide should be. 1624 J. Taylor sig. B4v Round like a whirligigge or lenten Top. 1720 J. Johnson I. sig. R4 The Lenten Veil was a Curtain, drawn between the Altar and the People, during Mass. 1882 M. H. Bloxam (ed. 11) II. 53 The parishioners were to provide..a lenten veil, a banner for rogations, bells with ropes, a bier for the dead. 2012 (Nexis) 25 Feb. 2 I described the Lenten Veil used in the Middle Ages to cover as with a shroud the chancel of the church. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.eOE |
