lemman.¹

Brit.

/ˈlɛmə/, U.S.

/ˈlɛmə/

Forms: Plural lemmas, lemmata /ˈlɛmətə/.

Etymology: < (either directly or through Latin) Greek λῆμμα, plural λήμματα ( < root of λαμβάνειν to take, perfect passive εἴλημμαι) something received or taken; something taken for granted; an argument, title. Compare French lemme.

1. Mathematics, etc. A proposition assumed or demonstrated which is subsidiary to some other. See also quot. a1856.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > proposition > in relation to another

corollaryc1374

converse1570

lemma1570

dual1910

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition

subalternc1475

particulara1500

lemma1570

hypothesis1596

subalternate1651

under-proposition1691

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 346^v The Mathematicall occasion, whereby..Hippocrates..was led to the former Lemma.

1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons i. 8 in Elements Philos. The sixth Definition is but a Lemma.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 194 We must first lay down this Lemma or Preparatory proposition.

1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 367 From these Lemmata..are deduced the following Propositions.

1822 R. Whately Misc. Remains (1864) 73 I lay down, then, these Lemmas: 1st [etc.].

1845 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 756/2 Whatever is—so much I conceive to have been a fundamental lemma for Hazlitt—is wrong.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xiv. 267 Lemmata, that is, propositions borrowed from another science in order to serve as subsidiary propositions in the science of which we treat.

1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 189 The foregoing lemma.

a. The argument or subject of a literary composition, prefixed as a heading or title; also, a motto appended to a picture, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > heading

head1560

lemma1616

heading1754

capitular1846

capitulary1846

caption1848

subtitle1907

society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > heading > argument as caption or heading

lemma1616

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of discourse > text indicating topic

text1579

lemma1616

1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 351 I will onely speake An Epigramme I here haue made: It is Vnto true Souldiers. That's the lemma. Marke it.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Lemma, an argument.

1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. Pref. sig. A7 The Discourses seem to divert a little from the subject which the Lemma's of the Chapters promise.

1679 Bp. T. Barlow Popery 25 The lemma or title to that impious extravagant of Pope Boniface the eighth.

1722 J. Swift Let. to Oxford 11 Oct. in Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 53 I have hitherto taken up with a scurvy print of you, under which I have placed this lemma: Veteres actus primamque [etc.].

1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. ix. 201 In the year 1445, several pageaunts were exhibited..with verses written by Lydgate, on the following lemmata. Ingredimini et replete terram [etc.].

b. The heading or theme of a scholium, annotation, or gloss.

ΚΠ

1896 W. G. Rutherford Schol. Aristoph. I. p. vii Adequate information about..the lemmas, the spelling, the accentuation [of scholia].

1896 W. G. Rutherford Schol. Aristoph. I. p. xxvii He marks off the lemma from the body of the note in cases in which a lemma is given.

Draft additions 1997

c. Lexicography. [Used earlier in this sense in German and Italian] A lexical item as it is presented, usually in a standardized form, in a dictionary entry; a definiendum.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > dictionary > parts of a dictionary entry > lemma

entry word1890

lemma1951

1951 tr. Busa Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Hymnorum Ritualium Varia Specimina Concordantiarum Introd. 20 Five stages..of compiling a concordance:..3—indicating on each card the respective entry (lemma); 4—the selection and placing in alphabetical order of all the cards according to the lemma and its purely material quality.

1967 Computers & Humanities 2 79 Punched cards: one word per occurrence, abstract sentences limited to 10 lines: main entry word, run-on entry, inflected form, reference and dating in print; lemma, text code number and dating punched.

1974 R. W. Burchfield in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1973 18 Dictionary editors in this country probably cannot be required to move lower-case lemmata, or to delete literary examples showing a trade mark used more or less generically, provided that the entry accurately reflects usage.

1979 Amer. Speech 1976 51 138 The pages are pleasingly uncluttered.., with just enough contrast between the boldface lemmas and the lightface commentaries.

1983 R. R. K. Hartmann Lexicogr. i. 7 The ‘lemma’..a distillation of the word from which all non-essential features have been eliminated.

1992 Appl. Linguistics 13 4 In the lemma, the lexical entry's meaning and syntax are represented.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lemman.²

Brit.

/ˈlɛmə/, U.S.

/ˈlɛmə/

Forms: Plural lemmata /ˈlɛmətə/.

Etymology: < Greek λέμμα, < λέπειν to peel.

†a. The husk or shell of a fruit.

ΚΠ

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Lemma, in pharmacy, a term used to express the husk or shell of certain fruits, as the almond..; and in general, whatever is taken off in decortication. Thus the husks of oats, barley, &c. are the lemmata of those seeds.

b. Embryology. (See quot.)

ΚΠ

1880 F. P. Pascoe Zool. Classif. (ed. 2) Gloss. 280 Lemma, the primary or outer layer of the germinal vesicle.

2. Botany. In grasses, the lower bract of a floret.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of

bladec1450

grass root1474

bent1577

chat1601

grasstop1659

knee1678

locusta1707

straw1776

spikelet1793

strap1793

sheath-scale1796

spiket1796

stragule1821

scutellum1832

scobina1839

rachilla1842

chaff-scale1856

coleorhiza1866

hypoblast1882

lemma1906

1906 C. V. Piper in Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium X. 8 We have taken the liberty to introduce the word lemma to apply to the..‘flowering glume’ of authors.

1934 A. Arber Gramineae vii. 110 The idea that the grass flower is unique, and requires a special vocabulary..has led to..a series of names [for bracts], such as gluma florifera, palea inferior, flowering glume and lemma, of which the two latter are the more generally familiar in England and America.

1934 A. Arber Gramineae viii. 141 In Ichnanthus the lemma may show remarkable winglike appendages at the base.

1968 F. W. Gould Grass Systematics ii. 51 Glumes, lemmas, and paleas are floral bracts.

1968 F. W. Gould Grass Systematics ii. 53 Lemma characters of taxonomic importance are shape, texture, size in respect to the glumes, nervation, awn development, and surface features.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lemma
释义	lemman.¹ Brit. /ˈlɛmə/, U.S. /ˈlɛmə/ Forms: Plural lemmas, lemmata /ˈlɛmətə/. Etymology: < (either directly or through Latin) Greek λῆμμα, plural λήμματα ( < root of λαμβάνειν to take, perfect passive εἴλημμαι) something received or taken; something taken for granted; an argument, title. Compare French lemme. 1. Mathematics, etc. A proposition assumed or demonstrated which is subsidiary to some other. See also quot. a1856. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > proposition > in relation to another corollaryc1374 converse1570 lemma1570 dual1910 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition subalternc1475 particulara1500 lemma1570 hypothesis1596 subalternate1651 under-proposition1691 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 346^v The Mathematicall occasion, whereby..Hippocrates..was led to the former Lemma. 1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons i. 8 in Elements Philos. The sixth Definition is but a Lemma. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 194 We must first lay down this Lemma or Preparatory proposition. 1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 367 From these Lemmata..are deduced the following Propositions. 1822 R. Whately Misc. Remains (1864) 73 I lay down, then, these Lemmas: 1st [etc.]. 1845 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 756/2 Whatever is—so much I conceive to have been a fundamental lemma for Hazlitt—is wrong. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xiv. 267 Lemmata, that is, propositions borrowed from another science in order to serve as subsidiary propositions in the science of which we treat. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 189 The foregoing lemma. 2. a. The argument or subject of a literary composition, prefixed as a heading or title; also, a motto appended to a picture, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > heading head1560 lemma1616 heading1754 capitular1846 capitulary1846 caption1848 subtitle1907 society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > heading > argument as caption or heading lemma1616 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of discourse > text indicating topic text1579 lemma1616 1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 351 I will onely speake An Epigramme I here haue made: It is Vnto true Souldiers. That's the lemma. Marke it. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Lemma, an argument. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. Pref. sig. A7 The Discourses seem to divert a little from the subject which the Lemma's of the Chapters promise. 1679 Bp. T. Barlow Popery 25 The lemma or title to that impious extravagant of Pope Boniface the eighth. 1722 J. Swift Let. to Oxford 11 Oct. in Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 53 I have hitherto taken up with a scurvy print of you, under which I have placed this lemma: Veteres actus primamque [etc.]. 1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. ix. 201 In the year 1445, several pageaunts were exhibited..with verses written by Lydgate, on the following lemmata. Ingredimini et replete terram [etc.]. b. The heading or theme of a scholium, annotation, or gloss. ΚΠ 1896 W. G. Rutherford Schol. Aristoph. I. p. vii Adequate information about..the lemmas, the spelling, the accentuation [of scholia]. 1896 W. G. Rutherford Schol. Aristoph. I. p. xxvii He marks off the lemma from the body of the note in cases in which a lemma is given. Draft additions 1997 c. Lexicography. [Used earlier in this sense in German and Italian] A lexical item as it is presented, usually in a standardized form, in a dictionary entry; a definiendum. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > dictionary > parts of a dictionary entry > lemma entry word1890 lemma1951 1951 tr. Busa Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Hymnorum Ritualium Varia Specimina Concordantiarum Introd. 20 Five stages..of compiling a concordance:..3—indicating on each card the respective entry (lemma); 4—the selection and placing in alphabetical order of all the cards according to the lemma and its purely material quality. 1967 Computers & Humanities 2 79 Punched cards: one word per occurrence, abstract sentences limited to 10 lines: main entry word, run-on entry, inflected form, reference and dating in print; lemma, text code number and dating punched. 1974 R. W. Burchfield in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1973 18 Dictionary editors in this country probably cannot be required to move lower-case lemmata, or to delete literary examples showing a trade mark used more or less generically, provided that the entry accurately reflects usage. 1979 Amer. Speech 1976 51 138 The pages are pleasingly uncluttered.., with just enough contrast between the boldface lemmas and the lightface commentaries. 1983 R. R. K. Hartmann Lexicogr. i. 7 The ‘lemma’..a distillation of the word from which all non-essential features have been eliminated. 1992 Appl. Linguistics 13 4 In the lemma, the lexical entry's meaning and syntax are represented. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lemman.² Brit. /ˈlɛmə/, U.S. /ˈlɛmə/ Forms: Plural lemmata /ˈlɛmətə/. Etymology: < Greek λέμμα, < λέπειν to peel. 1. †a. The husk or shell of a fruit. ΚΠ 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Lemma, in pharmacy, a term used to express the husk or shell of certain fruits, as the almond..; and in general, whatever is taken off in decortication. Thus the husks of oats, barley, &c. are the lemmata of those seeds. b. Embryology. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1880 F. P. Pascoe Zool. Classif. (ed. 2) Gloss. 280 Lemma, the primary or outer layer of the germinal vesicle. 2. Botany. In grasses, the lower bract of a floret. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of bladec1450 grass root1474 bent1577 chat1601 grasstop1659 knee1678 locusta1707 straw1776 spikelet1793 strap1793 sheath-scale1796 spiket1796 stragule1821 scutellum1832 scobina1839 rachilla1842 chaff-scale1856 coleorhiza1866 hypoblast1882 lemma1906 1906 C. V. Piper in Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium X. 8 We have taken the liberty to introduce the word lemma to apply to the..‘flowering glume’ of authors. 1934 A. Arber Gramineae vii. 110 The idea that the grass flower is unique, and requires a special vocabulary..has led to..a series of names [for bracts], such as gluma florifera, palea inferior, flowering glume and lemma, of which the two latter are the more generally familiar in England and America. 1934 A. Arber Gramineae viii. 141 In Ichnanthus the lemma may show remarkable winglike appendages at the base. 1968 F. W. Gould Grass Systematics ii. 51 Glumes, lemmas, and paleas are floral bracts. 1968 F. W. Gould Grass Systematics ii. 53 Lemma characters of taxonomic importance are shape, texture, size in respect to the glumes, nervation, awn development, and surface features. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1570n.²1753
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lemman.1

Draft additions 1997

lemman.2

lemman.¹

lemman.²