legumen.

Brit.

/ˈlɛɡjuːm/,

/lᵻˈɡjuːm/, U.S.

/ˈlɛɡjum/,

/lᵻˈɡjum/

Forms: 1500s– legume, 1600s legum.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French legume.

Etymology: < Middle French legume, French légume fruit of a leguminous plant (1530), leguminous plant (1575 as a feminine noun (so still regional), 1611 as a masculine noun; 14th cent. as lesgum in sense ‘leguminous plants collectively’), any vegetable used as food (1653 in the source translated in quot. 1653 at sense 1b) < classical Latin legūmen legumen n.¹ Compare earlier legumen n.¹In sense 3 after the specific scientific Latin use of classical Latin legūmen (mid 18th cent. or earlier). Compare Catalan llegum (mid 13th cent.), Spanish †legume (late 14th cent.), Italian legume (first half of the 13h cent. as †legome ; chiefly in plural), Portuguese legume (15th cent.; 13th cent. as †legumlhas , plural noun; chiefly in plural), all in sense ‘fruit of a leguminous plant’, and also (with sense 1b) Spanish legumbre vegetable (c1200; < classical Latin legūmen legumen n.¹).

a. A foodstuff comprising the edible seeds or fruits (pods) of a leguminous plant, as beans, peas, lentils, etc.; a pulse (pulse n.¹ 1b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun]

pulse1297

pulse corn1297

codwarea1398

legumen?a1425

pedware1577

legume1597

bullet1929

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pulse

pulse1297

legumen?a1425

legume1597

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. ii. ii. sig. E ^v All sorts of water Fowles, Cheese, Fruites, all sorts of legumes, all sorts of bread, excepting bread of wheate.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 621 The boyling of Legums.

1704 tr. A. de Ovalle Of Kingdom of Chile in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 7/2 There is a great Plenty of Legumes, and Garden-product.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 263 Farinaceous Legumes, as Pease, Beans, &c.

1792 A. Young Trav. France 443 Chesnuts, maiz, harricots, and other legumes, form principal objects of consumption.

1894 F. W. Woll tr. G. Grotenfelt Princ. Mod. Dairy Pract. i. vii. 160 Of concentrated feed stuffs, the cereals or the flour-mill refuse-products may safely be fed, but not pea-meal, bean-meal, or any other legumes.

1920 G. E. Cornforth Good Food 99 Cooked legumes are about one third as nutritious as dry ones.

1981 J. Halliday & J. Halliday in K. Thear & A. Fraser Compl. Bk. Livestock & Poultry (1988) iv. 84/2 The basic ingredients used in cereal rations include bran, rolled oats, flaked maize and a high-protein legume such as kibbled beans or seed cake.

2011 New Yorker 14 Nov. 12/1 Meat and fish are prohibited, and vegetables, nuts, and legumes are served strictly and respectfully within season.

b. More generally: any vegetable used as food. Chiefly in plural.Always less common than sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > [noun]

garden stuff1599

legume1653

kitchen-tillage1669

vegetive1678

olitory1696

vegetable food1700

kitchen stuffc1710

vegetable1727

veg1844

veggie1907

weggebobble1922

1653 I. D. G. tr. F. P. de la Varenne French Cook Alphabet. Table sig. A11^v Legumes. They are all kinds of pot hearbs, as also any fruit growing in a garden, as cowcombers, artichocks, cabbidge, meloens, pompkins, &c.

1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Dict. in Compl. Gard'ner sig. Ai In those early times 'tis probable, they knew no other Gardens than those of Fruits and Legumes.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Turnips Turneps are a legume used in several sauces.

1788 Ann. Agric. 9 47 A great quantity of legumes of all sorts, chiefly carrots and turnips.

1826 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. (ed. 2) II. ii. 56 The tyrants of Sicily claimed a tenth of the corn, but not a tenth of..hay or legumes.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 696 The dry edible fruit and other species of food, which we call by the general name of legumes.

1987 L. Thornton Imagining Argentina (1988) 190 As she pulled the carrots and other legumes she stood up from time to time.

2. A leguminous plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun]

victualc1374

fruita1400

vegetive1678

legume1687

vegetable1727

veg1844

veggie1907

weggebobble1922

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > leguminous plant

legumen1676

legume1687

leguminoid1873

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 288 These are divided I. into such Legumes as climb, and run up sticks, or perches, as the Kidney Beans, Pease, Tares, Vetches, Lentills [etc.].

1693 T. Robinson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 826 The Arachydna's, and some other Legumes, which flower above, but seed under ground.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Legumes,..in Botany it is that Species of Plants, which we call Pulse.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce ii. 137 The legumes of temperate climates are familiar plants.

1969 S. G. Harrison et al. Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 44/1 Cowpea..is an annual legume, originating in Africa.

1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet xxx. 365 Various legume seeds have proved the best sources [of vegetable protein] so far.

2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Nov. d4/5 Cover cropping, planting grasses and legumes that fix nitrogen between cash crops, can make a tremendous difference in soil.

3. Botany. A fruit or seed-pod of the type characteristic of plants of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae (cf. leguminous adj. 2a), derived from a single pistil and comprising a single carpel, dry when mature, and dehiscent (splitting) along two seams or sutures; = legumen n.¹ 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > leguminous plant > pod of

legume1751

legumen1751

1751 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. II. 474 The legume of the Mimosa is articulated, and the leaves are sensitive.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. iii. 38 A cylindric membrane surrounds the germ, or embryo of the legume or pod.

1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 29 Legume long, compress'd, cloath'd with a double bark.

1834 R. Wight & G. A. Walker-Arnott Prodromus Floræ Peninsulæ Indiæ Orientalis 278 As to the genus, we have some doubts if it ought to be left in Acacia; but the legume being dehiscent and the valves not jointed, it cannot be placed in Mimosa.

1865 J. Buckman Sci. & Pract. in Farm Cultiv. xvii. 110 Varied as is the seed-pod, yet..its type is simple, there being no structural difference between the straight legume of the pea and the spirally-twisted one of the lucerne and medicks.

1938 H. E. Hayward Struct. Econ. Plants iv. 104 The principal dehiscent dry fruits are the follicle, legume, capsule, and silique.

1971 T. T. Kozlowski Growth & Devel. Trees II. viii. 342 An example of a dry dehiscent fruit is the legume which consists of one carpel that splits along two seams (e.g., fruits of Gleditsia, Robinia).

1997 L. R. Berg Introd. Bot. ix. 158/2 Pea pods are legumes, as are green beans, although both are generally harvested before the fruit has dried out and split open.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	legume
释义	legumen. Brit. /ˈlɛɡjuːm/, /lᵻˈɡjuːm/, U.S. /ˈlɛɡjum/, /lᵻˈɡjum/ Forms: 1500s– legume, 1600s legum. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French legume. Etymology: < Middle French legume, French légume fruit of a leguminous plant (1530), leguminous plant (1575 as a feminine noun (so still regional), 1611 as a masculine noun; 14th cent. as lesgum in sense ‘leguminous plants collectively’), any vegetable used as food (1653 in the source translated in quot. 1653 at sense 1b) < classical Latin legūmen legumen n.¹ Compare earlier legumen n.¹In sense 3 after the specific scientific Latin use of classical Latin legūmen (mid 18th cent. or earlier). Compare Catalan llegum (mid 13th cent.), Spanish †legume (late 14th cent.), Italian legume (first half of the 13h cent. as †legome ; chiefly in plural), Portuguese legume (15th cent.; 13th cent. as †legumlhas , plural noun; chiefly in plural), all in sense ‘fruit of a leguminous plant’, and also (with sense 1b) Spanish legumbre vegetable (c1200; < classical Latin legūmen legumen n.¹). 1. a. A foodstuff comprising the edible seeds or fruits (pods) of a leguminous plant, as beans, peas, lentils, etc.; a pulse (pulse n.¹ 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] pulse1297 pulse corn1297 codwarea1398 legumen?a1425 pedware1577 legume1597 bullet1929 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pulse pulse1297 legumen?a1425 legume1597 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. ii. ii. sig. E ^v All sorts of water Fowles, Cheese, Fruites, all sorts of legumes, all sorts of bread, excepting bread of wheate. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 621 The boyling of Legums. 1704 tr. A. de Ovalle Of Kingdom of Chile in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 7/2 There is a great Plenty of Legumes, and Garden-product. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 263 Farinaceous Legumes, as Pease, Beans, &c. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 443 Chesnuts, maiz, harricots, and other legumes, form principal objects of consumption. 1894 F. W. Woll tr. G. Grotenfelt Princ. Mod. Dairy Pract. i. vii. 160 Of concentrated feed stuffs, the cereals or the flour-mill refuse-products may safely be fed, but not pea-meal, bean-meal, or any other legumes. 1920 G. E. Cornforth Good Food 99 Cooked legumes are about one third as nutritious as dry ones. 1981 J. Halliday & J. Halliday in K. Thear & A. Fraser Compl. Bk. Livestock & Poultry (1988) iv. 84/2 The basic ingredients used in cereal rations include bran, rolled oats, flaked maize and a high-protein legume such as kibbled beans or seed cake. 2011 New Yorker 14 Nov. 12/1 Meat and fish are prohibited, and vegetables, nuts, and legumes are served strictly and respectfully within season. b. More generally: any vegetable used as food. Chiefly in plural.Always less common than sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > [noun] garden stuff1599 legume1653 kitchen-tillage1669 vegetive1678 olitory1696 vegetable food1700 kitchen stuffc1710 vegetable1727 veg1844 veggie1907 weggebobble1922 1653 I. D. G. tr. F. P. de la Varenne French Cook Alphabet. Table sig. A11^v Legumes. They are all kinds of pot hearbs, as also any fruit growing in a garden, as cowcombers, artichocks, cabbidge, meloens, pompkins, &c. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Dict. in Compl. Gard'ner sig. Ai In those early times 'tis probable, they knew no other Gardens than those of Fruits and Legumes. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Turnips Turneps are a legume used in several sauces. 1788 Ann. Agric. 9 47 A great quantity of legumes of all sorts, chiefly carrots and turnips. 1826 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. (ed. 2) II. ii. 56 The tyrants of Sicily claimed a tenth of the corn, but not a tenth of..hay or legumes. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 696 The dry edible fruit and other species of food, which we call by the general name of legumes. 1987 L. Thornton Imagining Argentina (1988) 190 As she pulled the carrots and other legumes she stood up from time to time. 2. A leguminous plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun] victualc1374 fruita1400 vegetive1678 legume1687 vegetable1727 veg1844 veggie1907 weggebobble1922 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > leguminous plant legumen1676 legume1687 leguminoid1873 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 288 These are divided I. into such Legumes as climb, and run up sticks, or perches, as the Kidney Beans, Pease, Tares, Vetches, Lentills [etc.]. 1693 T. Robinson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 826 The Arachydna's, and some other Legumes, which flower above, but seed under ground. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Legumes,..in Botany it is that Species of Plants, which we call Pulse. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce ii. 137 The legumes of temperate climates are familiar plants. 1969 S. G. Harrison et al. Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 44/1 Cowpea..is an annual legume, originating in Africa. 1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet xxx. 365 Various legume seeds have proved the best sources [of vegetable protein] so far. 2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Nov. d4/5 Cover cropping, planting grasses and legumes that fix nitrogen between cash crops, can make a tremendous difference in soil. 3. Botany. A fruit or seed-pod of the type characteristic of plants of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae (cf. leguminous adj. 2a), derived from a single pistil and comprising a single carpel, dry when mature, and dehiscent (splitting) along two seams or sutures; = legumen n.¹ 3. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > leguminous plant > pod of legume1751 legumen1751 1751 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. II. 474 The legume of the Mimosa is articulated, and the leaves are sensitive. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. iii. 38 A cylindric membrane surrounds the germ, or embryo of the legume or pod. 1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 29 Legume long, compress'd, cloath'd with a double bark. 1834 R. Wight & G. A. Walker-Arnott Prodromus Floræ Peninsulæ Indiæ Orientalis 278 As to the genus, we have some doubts if it ought to be left in Acacia; but the legume being dehiscent and the valves not jointed, it cannot be placed in Mimosa. 1865 J. Buckman Sci. & Pract. in Farm Cultiv. xvii. 110 Varied as is the seed-pod, yet..its type is simple, there being no structural difference between the straight legume of the pea and the spirally-twisted one of the lucerne and medicks. 1938 H. E. Hayward Struct. Econ. Plants iv. 104 The principal dehiscent dry fruits are the follicle, legume, capsule, and silique. 1971 T. T. Kozlowski Growth & Devel. Trees II. viii. 342 An example of a dry dehiscent fruit is the legume which consists of one carpel that splits along two seams (e.g., fruits of Gleditsia, Robinia). 1997 L. R. Berg Introd. Bot. ix. 158/2 Pea pods are legumes, as are green beans, although both are generally harvested before the fruit has dried out and split open. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1597
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