auchtn.

Brit.

/ɔːt/, U.S.

/ɔt/,

/ɑt/, Scottish English

/ɔxt/, Irish English

/ɒːxt/

Forms:

α. early Old English æaht, Old English æhte- (in compounds), Old English ætan (dative plural, in transcript of lost MS), Old English hæht (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) aeht, Old English–early Middle English æht, Old English–early Middle English eaht (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English eht, late Old English ehte- (in compounds), late Old English ęht, late Old English–early Middle English aht, early Middle English acte, early Middle English agte, early Middle English ahhte ( Ormulum), early Middle English ahte, early Middle English æhte, early Middle English echte, early Middle English eȝte, early Middle English ehte, early Middle English hagte, early Middle English hæte, early Middle English heahte, early Middle English heaþt, early Middle English heȝhte, early Middle English heht, Middle English aght, Middle English aghte, Middle English aȝt, Middle English aȝte, Middle English aȝtte, Middle English yhte, 1500s yght; Scottish pre-1700 (1800s– northern) acht, 1900s– aacht (Shetland); Irish English (northern) 1800s– aght, 1900s– acht.

β. early Middle English aihte, early Middle English aite, early Middle English ayȝte, early Middle English ayhte, early Middle English æihte, early Middle English eiht- (in compounds), early Middle English eihte, early Middle English eite, early Middle English eitte, early Middle English eykte, early Middle English haiste, early Middle English hayte, early Middle English nayct, Middle English eȝghte, Middle English eiȝte, Middle English eyȝte.

γ. early Middle English auchte, early Middle English autee (transmission error), early Middle English haute, Middle English ahut (transmission error), Middle English aught, Middle English aughte, Middle English auȝt, Middle English auȝte, Middle English auȝth, Middle English auȝtte, Middle English auht, Middle English auhte, Middle English haut; Scottish pre-1700 1700s–1800s aught, pre-1700 1800s– aucht; Irish English (northern) 1900s– aught.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon ēht property, Old High German ēht property, Old Icelandic ætt family, lineage, Gothic aihts property < a suffixed form (compare -t suffix³ 1) of the Germanic base of owe v.In Old English usually a strong feminine (i -stem) ǣht , very occasionally a strong masculine or neuter or with weak inflection. The Middle English forms reflect shortening of the stem vowel, either in late Old English (ǣ > æ , later a ) or in Middle English (open ē > e ), and the subsequent development of either a palatal or velar glide (see respectively β. and γ. forms), the former chiefly southern and south-west midland and the latter chiefly midland and northern. The form yhte at α. forms (and its early modern English reflex yght) shows assimilation of the shortened -ĕht to the more common type -ĭht (compare e.g. knight n., right n., etc.) and subsequent development of /ɪç/ to /iː/; see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §96. Middle English forms with final -e reflect both the Old English oblique singular form ǣhte and the plural form ǣhta . The form nayct at β. forms shows metanalysis (see N n.).

Scottish and Irish English (northern) in later use.

a. A possession, a thing owned, esp. something valuable or highly prized (frequently in plural). Also (and in later use chiefly) as a mass noun: that which one possesses as one's own; property, goods, possessions; treasure, riches. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun]

goodeOE

auchtOE

havingc1350

facultya1382

substancea1382

propertya1393

haviourc1400

suffisantee1436

aversc1440

propriety1442

livinga1450

goodess1523

gear1535

prog1727

OE Ruin 36 Þær iu beorn monig..seah on sinc, on sylfor, on searogimmas, on ead, on æht, on eorcanstan.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) x. 22 He hæfde mycele æhta [c1200 Hatton ehte; L. possessiones].

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 147 Hit is muche sunne if Mon echte luuieð.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Eorðlich achte [c1230 Corpus Cambr. ahte, a1250 Nero eihte] nis buten eorðe & esken.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 658 Muchel ahte [c1300 Otho mochel deal of heaþten] heo hæfden bi-wunnen.

a1325 (?a1300) in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 23 Hi sal gef ye of my nayct.

c1330 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Auch.) (1952) l. 19 He hiȝt hem eiȝte [c1400 Laud auȝtte, a1425 Linc. Inn eȝghte] and gret noblais.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3395 Bitwene his childre he delt his auȝt.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 4086 (MED) His schippus are richely fraught With flesshe and fysche and other aught.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 16 To gif away my warldys aght.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. ii. 140 Assyngnand ilkane propir howsis and aucht.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem Table 81 The best aucht, sould be given to the maister.

1882 Youth's Compan. 25 May 219/1 I fand nae aucht but ane auld penny.

1906 T. P. Ollason Spindrift 121 Da aald wife, my ain aald wife, Haes been a acht ta me.

1984 B. Holton tr. S. Nai'an Men o the Mossflow ii, in Cencrastus No. 16. 29/1 Ma haill aucht an haddin wis tint a whylie syne, sae, wantan ma keep, A'm for Yan'an tae seek a bield wi ma nainfowk.

1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Acht, something worth having: ‘Hid's an acht tae hiv the likes o that.’

2000 J. Fenton Hamely Tongue (ed. 2) 2 Whas acht's thon?

†b. spec. Livestock. Cf. quick-aucht n. at quick adj., n.¹, and adv. Compounds 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock

feec900

auchtOE

orfOE

avers1292

storea1300

bestialc1350

cattlea1400

ware1422

quickc1450

goods1472

stock?1523

chattel1627

live goods1635

team1655

creature1662

livestocka1687

living stock1690

farming stock1749

farm animal1805

fat-stock1881

OE Genesis A (1931) 973 Oðer his to eorðan elnes tilode.., oðer [sc. Abel] æhte heold fæder on fultum.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7802 All þatt hemm wass borenn firrst. Off ahhte þatt wass clene. Þe firrste callf. þe firrste lamb [etc.].

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 4 Ha..wiste..o þe feld hire fostermodres hahte [c1225 Royal ahte].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6765 Ox or ass, or cou or scepe, Hors or ani oþer aght [Vesp. aȝt, Gött. auht, Trin. Cambr. auȝt].

a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 16 (MED) Both land and rent and all his aght, Al erthly gudes, both gold and fe.

1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione Herreȝelda, is the best aucht, oxe, kowe, or vther beast quhilk ane husband-man..hes in his possession, the time of his decease, quhilk aucht and suld be given to his Landis-lorde.

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. B^v Better saucht [= ease] with little aucht, nor care with many kow.

1617 Acts XXII Parl. Iames c. 21. 19 The vnlawful taking from them.., after their decease, vnder the name of Caulps, of their best aucht, whether it bee Oxe, Meare, Horse, or Cowe.

2. The fact of possessing something as one's own; possession, ownership. Chiefly in in a person's aucht (also † on a person's aucht).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > owning > [noun]

auchteOE

owningOE

propertya1393

propriety1486

ownage1576

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 236 Seo..gebohte tyn hida lond hire in æhte in þære stowe seo is cweden Streoneshealh, ðær heo mynster getimbrode.

OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 421) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 264 Ne helpeð þam men ænig wiht, þeah þe he ealne þysne middaneard on his agene æht gestryne, gif deofol nimð þa sawle.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11800 Þurrh þatt te laþe gast himm bæd. All weorelld richess ahhte.

a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 87 For ahte [a1275 Trin. Cambr. aycte] nis non eldere stren ac is godes lone.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 7307 (MED) This Priamus hadde in his yhte [1532 yght] A wif, and Hecuba sche hyhte.

1423 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis..wyth al rycht merkis and marchys that thaim awch tyl haff off ald acht and custumis.

a1500 Sir Degrevant (Cambr.) (1949) l. 842 (MED) I had leuere sche were sauȝth, Þen all þe golde in hys auȝth.

1590 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 213 Saying, her sone sould be schort quhyle in her aucht; as he died within a schort space thairefter.

1691 Hutcheson's 45 Serm. on CXXX Psalm xxi. 239 They wait upon God, as if they never had a day to do well in his aught.

1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. xxxiv. 60 The auld Dog maun die in some body's aught.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vii. 166 The surest gear in their aught.

1868 J. Young Poems & Lyrics 175 The puir untutored wretch..Whase appetite ne'er lets him keep Scarce tippence in his aucht.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 43 Hei hasna a ferdin' in a' his aucht.

1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots 136 Fesh the brawest goun in my aucht an clead him in it.

Compounds

† aucht-greedy adj. Obsolete greedy for property, avaricious.

ΚΠ

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 29 To þe eiht-gradi men he runeð on his herte and þus queð, Gef þu best aihteles þu best unwurð and loð.

Derivatives

† auchtless adj. Obsolete without property, destitute.

ΚΠ

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 29 To þe eiht-gradi men he runeð on his herte and þus queð, Gef þu best aihteles þu best unwurð and loð.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aucht
释义	auchtn. Brit. /ɔːt/, U.S. /ɔt/, /ɑt/, Scottish English /ɔxt/, Irish English /ɒːxt/ Forms: α. early Old English æaht, Old English æhte- (in compounds), Old English ætan (dative plural, in transcript of lost MS), Old English hæht (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) aeht, Old English–early Middle English æht, Old English–early Middle English eaht (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English eht, late Old English ehte- (in compounds), late Old English ęht, late Old English–early Middle English aht, early Middle English acte, early Middle English agte, early Middle English ahhte ( Ormulum), early Middle English ahte, early Middle English æhte, early Middle English echte, early Middle English eȝte, early Middle English ehte, early Middle English hagte, early Middle English hæte, early Middle English heahte, early Middle English heaþt, early Middle English heȝhte, early Middle English heht, Middle English aght, Middle English aghte, Middle English aȝt, Middle English aȝte, Middle English aȝtte, Middle English yhte, 1500s yght; Scottish pre-1700 (1800s– northern) acht, 1900s– aacht (Shetland); Irish English (northern) 1800s– aght, 1900s– acht. β. early Middle English aihte, early Middle English aite, early Middle English ayȝte, early Middle English ayhte, early Middle English æihte, early Middle English eiht- (in compounds), early Middle English eihte, early Middle English eite, early Middle English eitte, early Middle English eykte, early Middle English haiste, early Middle English hayte, early Middle English nayct, Middle English eȝghte, Middle English eiȝte, Middle English eyȝte. γ. early Middle English auchte, early Middle English autee (transmission error), early Middle English haute, Middle English ahut (transmission error), Middle English aught, Middle English aughte, Middle English auȝt, Middle English auȝte, Middle English auȝth, Middle English auȝtte, Middle English auht, Middle English auhte, Middle English haut; Scottish pre-1700 1700s–1800s aught, pre-1700 1800s– aucht; Irish English (northern) 1900s– aught. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon ēht property, Old High German ēht property, Old Icelandic ætt family, lineage, Gothic aihts property < a suffixed form (compare -t suffix³ 1) of the Germanic base of owe v.In Old English usually a strong feminine (i -stem) ǣht , very occasionally a strong masculine or neuter or with weak inflection. The Middle English forms reflect shortening of the stem vowel, either in late Old English (ǣ > æ , later a ) or in Middle English (open ē > e ), and the subsequent development of either a palatal or velar glide (see respectively β. and γ. forms), the former chiefly southern and south-west midland and the latter chiefly midland and northern. The form yhte at α. forms (and its early modern English reflex yght) shows assimilation of the shortened -ĕht to the more common type -ĭht (compare e.g. knight n., right n., etc.) and subsequent development of /ɪç/ to /iː/; see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §96. Middle English forms with final -e reflect both the Old English oblique singular form ǣhte and the plural form ǣhta . The form nayct at β. forms shows metanalysis (see N n.). Scottish and Irish English (northern) in later use. 1. a. A possession, a thing owned, esp. something valuable or highly prized (frequently in plural). Also (and in later use chiefly) as a mass noun: that which one possesses as one's own; property, goods, possessions; treasure, riches. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] goodeOE auchtOE havingc1350 facultya1382 substancea1382 propertya1393 haviourc1400 suffisantee1436 aversc1440 propriety1442 livinga1450 goodess1523 gear1535 prog1727 OE Ruin 36 Þær iu beorn monig..seah on sinc, on sylfor, on searogimmas, on ead, on æht, on eorcanstan. OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) x. 22 He hæfde mycele æhta [c1200 Hatton ehte; L. possessiones]. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 147 Hit is muche sunne if Mon echte luuieð. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 159 Eorðlich achte [c1230 Corpus Cambr. ahte, a1250 Nero eihte] nis buten eorðe & esken. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 658 Muchel ahte [c1300 Otho mochel deal of heaþten] heo hæfden bi-wunnen. a1325 (?a1300) in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 23 Hi sal gef ye of my nayct. c1330 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Auch.) (1952) l. 19 He hiȝt hem eiȝte [c1400 Laud auȝtte, a1425 Linc. Inn eȝghte] and gret noblais. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3395 Bitwene his childre he delt his auȝt. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 4086 (MED) His schippus are richely fraught With flesshe and fysche and other aught. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 16 To gif away my warldys aght. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. ii. 140 Assyngnand ilkane propir howsis and aucht. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem Table 81 The best aucht, sould be given to the maister. 1882 Youth's Compan. 25 May 219/1 I fand nae aucht but ane auld penny. 1906 T. P. Ollason Spindrift 121 Da aald wife, my ain aald wife, Haes been a acht ta me. 1984 B. Holton tr. S. Nai'an Men o the Mossflow ii, in Cencrastus No. 16. 29/1 Ma haill aucht an haddin wis tint a whylie syne, sae, wantan ma keep, A'm for Yan'an tae seek a bield wi ma nainfowk. 1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Acht, something worth having: ‘Hid's an acht tae hiv the likes o that.’ 2000 J. Fenton Hamely Tongue (ed. 2) 2 Whas acht's thon? †b. spec. Livestock. Cf. quick-aucht n. at quick adj., n.¹, and adv. Compounds 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock feec900 auchtOE orfOE avers1292 storea1300 bestialc1350 cattlea1400 ware1422 quickc1450 goods1472 stock?1523 chattel1627 live goods1635 team1655 creature1662 livestocka1687 living stock1690 farming stock1749 farm animal1805 fat-stock1881 OE Genesis A (1931) 973 Oðer his to eorðan elnes tilode.., oðer [sc. Abel] æhte heold fæder on fultum. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7802 All þatt hemm wass borenn firrst. Off ahhte þatt wass clene. Þe firrste callf. þe firrste lamb [etc.]. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 4 Ha..wiste..o þe feld hire fostermodres hahte [c1225 Royal ahte]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6765 Ox or ass, or cou or scepe, Hors or ani oþer aght [Vesp. aȝt, Gött. auht, Trin. Cambr. auȝt]. a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 16 (MED) Both land and rent and all his aght, Al erthly gudes, both gold and fe. 1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione Herreȝelda, is the best aucht, oxe, kowe, or vther beast quhilk ane husband-man..hes in his possession, the time of his decease, quhilk aucht and suld be given to his Landis-lorde. a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. B^v Better saucht [= ease] with little aucht, nor care with many kow. 1617 Acts XXII Parl. Iames c. 21. 19 The vnlawful taking from them.., after their decease, vnder the name of Caulps, of their best aucht, whether it bee Oxe, Meare, Horse, or Cowe. 2. The fact of possessing something as one's own; possession, ownership. Chiefly in in a person's aucht (also † on a person's aucht). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > [noun] auchteOE owningOE propertya1393 propriety1486 ownage1576 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 236 Seo..gebohte tyn hida lond hire in æhte in þære stowe seo is cweden Streoneshealh, ðær heo mynster getimbrode. OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 421) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 264 Ne helpeð þam men ænig wiht, þeah þe he ealne þysne middaneard on his agene æht gestryne, gif deofol nimð þa sawle. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11800 Þurrh þatt te laþe gast himm bæd. All weorelld richess ahhte. a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 87 For ahte [a1275 Trin. Cambr. aycte] nis non eldere stren ac is godes lone. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 7307 (MED) This Priamus hadde in his yhte [1532 yght] A wif, and Hecuba sche hyhte. 1423 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 11/2 Twa forestar stedis..wyth al rycht merkis and marchys that thaim awch tyl haff off ald acht and custumis. a1500 Sir Degrevant (Cambr.) (1949) l. 842 (MED) I had leuere sche were sauȝth, Þen all þe golde in hys auȝth. 1590 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 213 Saying, her sone sould be schort quhyle in her aucht; as he died within a schort space thairefter. 1691 Hutcheson's 45 Serm. on CXXX Psalm xxi. 239 They wait upon God, as if they never had a day to do well in his aught. 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. xxxiv. 60 The auld Dog maun die in some body's aught. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vii. 166 The surest gear in their aught. 1868 J. Young Poems & Lyrics 175 The puir untutored wretch..Whase appetite ne'er lets him keep Scarce tippence in his aucht. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 43 Hei hasna a ferdin' in a' his aucht. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots 136 Fesh the brawest goun in my aucht an clead him in it. Compounds † aucht-greedy adj. Obsolete greedy for property, avaricious. ΚΠ a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 29 To þe eiht-gradi men he runeð on his herte and þus queð, Gef þu best aihteles þu best unwurð and loð. Derivatives † auchtless adj. Obsolete without property, destitute. ΚΠ a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 29 To þe eiht-gradi men he runeð on his herte and þus queð, Gef þu best aihteles þu best unwurð and loð. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOE
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