laven.¹

Brit.

/leɪv/, U.S.

/leɪv/

Forms: Old English láf, Middle English ( to) lafon, Middle English loave, Middle English law(e, Middle English laf(e, laffe, Middle English–1600s laif, laiff(e, layfe, layff, 1500s le(a)ve, 1600s laiv, Middle English– lave.

Etymology: Old English láf = Old Frisian láva , Old Low German léva , Old High German leiba , Old Norse leif , Gothic laiba < Old Germanic *laiƀâ strong feminine; for the further etymology see leave v.¹

Obsolete exc. Scottish.

1. What is left, is over, or remains; the remainder, the rest.

a. of persons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest > of persons

lavea1000

the other deal1258

remanantc1330

remnanta1375

reliefa1382

residuea1382

remanent1446

remain1483

remaindera1547

a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 867 (Parker MS.) Sio laf wiþ þone here friþ nam.

c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 987 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 91 Syne þe lawe in þar degre war to met set.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 175 All-weildand god resawe My petows spreit..amange the law.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 306 Ye lave sone wnarmyt war.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. ii. 67 Quham followis all the laif in lyke maneir.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 446 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 108 With lordis of scotland lerit and ye laif.

1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 228 As for the leue, thair wes bot lytill leid.

1664 Floddan Field i. 9 Of doughty Knights the lusty lave I never could by name repeat.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i My Peggy speaks sae sweetly, To a' the lave I'm cauld.

1794 Har'st Rig xliii. 17 Old Rodney..didnae loiter like the lave.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xvi. 334 Auld Mucklebacket's gane wi' the lave.

1881 L. B. Walford Dick Netherby v. 57 ‘Gif her ain fayther has his fling at my puir bairn, it's like the lave will follow.’

b. of things.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest

lave971

otherOE

remanantc1350

remnanta1375

surplusc1400

remanent1414

reversionc1450

rest?1473

remain1483

allowance1521

reliquation1658

rump1708

balance1788

971 Blickl. Hom. 111 Hwæt biþ la elles seo laf buton wyrma mete.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 87 Nis þis large relef? nis þis muche laue?

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7116 His wijf fader and moder he gaue O þis hony at ete þe laue.

1427 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 15/1 Þe quhilkis commissaris sal haf ful ande playn power of al þe laif of þe schirefdome.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1306 Half his brede his horse he gaue, And kepid to him self þe laue.

c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 351 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 39 Paulis hed, þat þar wes hyd a-mange þe lafe, a hyrd has tane.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 825 in Wks. (1931) I Androw and Ihone did leif thare possessioun, Thar schippis, & nettis, lyinnes, and all the laue.

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 360 Five hundreth merkis he to him gave, And tuik in hand to pay the leave.

1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty x Excepting some wha a' the lave will nick.

?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 202 Your every Care an' Fear May whistle owre the lave o't.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 138 I'll pay the lave out o' the butter siller.

1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xii. 91 Jist help me oot, an' lea' the lave to me.

†c. in adjectival phrase to lave = remaining, surviving.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > as for the rest [phrase] > remaining or surviving

to lave971

971 Blickl. Hom. 79 Þa hi gyt genaman þæs folces þe þær to lafe wæs..hund teontig þusenda.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 221 Þe niȝon werod, þe þer to lafon were.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14263 Þa nas þer na-mare i þan fehte to laue [c1300 Otho ileued].

†2. In form loove, love. Relict, widow. Obsolete. rare. (In Old English the word had also the sense ‘relict, widow’.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow

widowOE

lavec1325

widow woman1340

relictc1460

widow lady1525

widowess1596

maid-widow1655

feme sole1714

veuve1766

ace of spades1811

sod widow1927

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10846 Sir simond de mounfort..Elianore, þe kinges soster, willames loue þe marschal, Contesse of penbroc, spousede.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 75 Henry..ȝaf hym to wyf Constauns contas of Bretayne, þe loove [Caxton wydowe, L. relictam] of his sone Gaufred.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 173 Constans, Geffray his love [v.r. loove, L. relicta].

1492 in J. M. Cowper Accts. Churchwardens St. Dunstan's, Canterbury (?1886) 18 Item payde for the buryng of Ellerygges loue..iiij s.

1514 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Rec. off Pett's loove wyth owt west gaat ijd.

1557 Will Jno Shoo Item I give to Counstables love xx^d to Steres love xx^d.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

laven.²

Brit.

/leɪv/, U.S.

/leɪv/

Etymology: < lave v.¹

rare.

a. The sea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun]

sea-floodc893

brimc937

streamc950

foamOE

mereOE

seaOE

sea of (the) oceanc1300

brookc1400

float1477

strand1513

breec1540

burnc1540

broth1558

Thetisie1600

fishpond1604

brine1605

pond1612

Thetisc1620

brack1627

herring-pond1686

tide1791

black water1816

lave1825

briny1831

salt water1839

blue1861

swan's bath1865

puddle1869

ditch1922

oggin1945

1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy (1826) 177 Like the sea-mew that skims o'er the lave.

b. The action of laving, wash.

ΚΠ

1865 Dublin Univ. Mag. 66 350 The crystal lymph Through sands and ivy pulsed with ceaseless lave.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† laveadj.

Forms: Also 1600s loave, 1600s–1700s corruptly leaf.

Etymology: See lave v.²

Obsolete except in combinations.

Of ears: Drooping, hanging.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [adjective] > types of ear

lavea1400

sousing1567

pricking1614

erected1676

erect1735

flapped1841

cauliflowered1947

a1400–50 Alexander 4748 With laith leggis & lange & twa laue eres.

1606 Wily Beguilde 58 An I were a woman I would lug off his laue eares.

1659 Lady Alimony ii. vi. sig. Fi But take especial care You button on your night-cap—Morisco. After th' new fashion With his loave Ears without it.

1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal ii. 9 Here the little Ear, there the lave Ear.

Compounds

lave-ears n. drooping or hanging ears (of a horse). lave-eared adj. (corruptly leaf-eared) having ‘lave-ears’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [adjective] > having drooping ears

lave-eared1570

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > ears or types of

lave-ears1607

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Dii/1 Laue eared, plaudus.

1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus i. i. 345 Thou lave-ear'd ass, that loves dross more than arts!

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 42 Of diseases belonging to the eares of a horsse, and first of the laue eares, or hanging eares.

1685 London Gaz. No. 2092/4 A large strong grey Gelding,..somewhat leaf-ear'd.

1701 London Gaz. No. 3750/4 Stolen or strayed..a strong bay Cart-Horse..very wide Lave-Ear'd.

c1721 W. Gibson True Method dieting Horses viii. 128 This Method is commonly used by the Jockies to Leaf-ear'd Horses, to cause them to carry their Ears more Upright.

1736 Compl. Family-piece iii. 393 Of Diseases in Horses Ears; and first of the Lave Ears, or hanging Ears.

1926 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 431/1 If a poet..was lave-eared; if he had the eyes of a fawn, then you might be sure that he was a poet, and fear the worst.

1932 W. H. Auden Orators ii. 44 The nasty lave-eared pop-eyed bitch.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

lavev.¹

Brit.

/leɪv/, U.S.

/leɪv/

Forms: Old English lafian, gelafian, Middle English lavin, 1500s–1600s Scottish lawe, Middle English– lave.

Etymology: Two distinct formations appear to have coalesced—(1) Old English had lafian to wash by affusion, to pour (water), corresponding formally to Middle Dutch, Dutch laven , Old High German labôn (Middle High German, modern German laben ) to refresh; compare Old High German laba , modern German labe refreshment. By some scholars the Old English, Dutch, and German words are considered to represent a West Germanic adoption of Latin lavāre to wash. This view involves some difficulty, as the numerous Old High German examples refer to refreshment by food, drink, or warmth, so that the assumed primary sense ‘to wash’, if it ever existed, must have been quite forgotten. The Latin origin, however, accounts well for the senses of the Old English word, which perhaps may be only accidentally similar in form to the continental words. (2) In Middle English the representative of the Old English verb blended indistinguishably with the verb < French laver (= Provençal lavar , Spanish lavar , Portuguese lavar , Italian lavare ) < Latin lavāre = Greek λούειν , < Old Aryan root *lou- to wash (whence lather n.).

Now chiefly poetic.

a. transitive. To wash, bathe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)]

swillc725

wash900

laveOE

bewash1589

elavate1599

to wash up1756

to wash down1877

OE Beowulf 2722 Þegn ungemete till, winedryhten his wætere gelafede.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 48 Lafa þin heafod mid do swa oft swa þe þearf sy.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 145 Hie his fet lauede mid hire hote teres.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 337 She was anone with water laved.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 344 Basons and ewers to laue her dainty hands.

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King With Nector pure his oazie locks he laves.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 159 Who could not endure the liquid test, but were soon laved into a ridiculous aspect.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 44 The wave Where their fair vests Phæacian virgins lave.

1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 181 Tumultuous soon they plunge into the Stream, There lave their reeking Sides.

1827–35 N. P. Willis Leper 152 He took a little water in His hand And laved the sufferer's brow.

1858 J. M. Neale tr. Rhythm of Bernard de Morlaix (1865) 35 Who..Bore with me in defilement And from defilement laved.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 162 Now in waters clear thy feet like ivory laving.

figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. ii. 34 Wee must laue Our Honors in these flattering streames. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 19 And, when the midnight moon did lave Her forehead in the silver wave.1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. ii. 36 In those bitter tears, childhood itself was laved from her soul for ever.

b. intransitive for reflexive. To bathe. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash oneself [verb (intransitive)] > bathe

bathec1000

washa1382

bain1483

lave1701

tub1867

bogy1893

tosh1905

1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man ii. 19 Happy he that..unconfin'd may Lave, and Wanton there.

1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 9 In her chast Current oft the Goddess laves.

1801 J. Foster Let. 17 Feb. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 129 To lave in the stream, the tide of deeper sentiments.

1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 129 The calm lake..Where the young cygnets lave.

†c. to lave a (= with): to be bathed in or covered with (blood, sweat). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > make wet [verb (transitive)] > be wet with

to lave ac1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3733 He swonc i þon fehte þat al he lauede asweote [c1300 Otho leþerede a swote].

a1300 Judas in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 144 He drou hymselve bi the cop, that al it lavede a blode.

2. transitive. Of a river, a body of water: To wash against, to flow along or past.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)] > against land

washc1275

lave1623

1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood ii. i. 67 For this River..commeth to laue the Towne of Namure.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cliii. 39 Guns..Whose low-laid mouthes each mounting billow laves.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 215 The bord'ring Ocean laves Her silent Coast.

a1717 T. Parnell Night Piece on Death 20 A place of graves, Whose wall the silent water laves.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxi. 318 The flood, Jove's offspring, laved his shoulders.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. viii. 183 He leant against a stranded boat,..And counted every rippling wave, As higher yet her sides they lave.

1859 E. Capern Ballads & Songs (new ed.) 47 Where Torridge laves its banks of green.

1887 Spectator 30 July 1016/2 The shire is laved by a sea teeming with fish.

absolute.1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. x. 142 There, through the summer day, Cool streams are laving.

a. To pour out with or as with a ladle; to ladle. Also absol. Const. †in, into, on, upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out > with or as with a ladle

lavec1000

ladle1859

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 124 Hat wæter lafa on.

a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 202 Iesu,..Þe deu of grace vpon me laue.

a1400 Sir Perc. 2250 Thay wolde not lett long thone, Bot lavede in hir with a spone.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 607 He lauez hys gyftes as water of dyche.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 30 This being done, lave and bounce it [the honey and water] very well and often.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 190 The Lead being melted..is laved into the Pan.

a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 81 The Saint..on his Head the hallow'd Water lav'd.

1823 J. G. Lockhart Reginald Dalton III. vi. i. 21 He..laved a few cool drops upon his brow.

1862 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 519 Lave the water..in slight handfuls..gently over the head and face.

†b. intransitive. To run, stream. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously > in (a) stream(s)

yetOE

strikea1225

streama1250

lavec1425

welterc1480

souse1591

spew1670

c1425 Festivals Ch. 220 in Leg. Rood (1871) 217 Dropes rede as ripe cherrees, þat fro his flesshe gan lave.

†4. transitive. To draw (water) out or up with a bucket, ladle, or scoop; to bale. Also with out, up, with complement, and absol. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > extract liquid [verb (transitive)] > in buckets, esp. from a well

ladec950

draw?a1300

lavec1374

raise1607

bucket1640

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. metr. xii. (E.E.T.S.) 107 [Orpheus] spak and song in wepynge alle þat euer he hadde resceyued and laued oute of þe noble welles of hys modir calliope.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 415 Þat lorde was woned to..lave up water of pitts.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 154 Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest, Scopen out the scaþel water.

1458 in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 41 With xi. laborers lavyng at onys.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 216 Thou fylde faster than fyftenesum mycht lawe.

1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 6 To laue water out of this rotten boate.

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) i. ii. iv. vii. 148 When I haue laved the Sea dry, thou shalt vnderstand the mystery of the Trinity.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 170 As now we were almost sinking..wearied with pumping, & laving out the Water.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 365 A fourth with Labour, laves, Th' intruding Seas, and Waves ejects on Waves.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 3 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) It were Folly and unreasonable Charge..to Lave, or fill 20 or 30 Tubs of Water per Hour.

in extended use.1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 5 It [a storm of wind] was yet so violent, that it laved water out of the River Cherwell, and cast it quite over the Bridge at Magdalen College.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† lavev.²

Etymology: Compare Old Norse lafa to droop.

Obsolete. rare.

Of the ears: To droop, hang down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [verb (intransitive)] > types of ear

lave1598

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 7 His Eares hang lauing like a new-lug'd swine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹971

n.²1825

adj.a1400

v.¹OE

v.²1598

单词	lave
释义	laven.¹ Brit. /leɪv/, U.S. /leɪv/ Forms: Old English láf, Middle English ( to) lafon, Middle English loave, Middle English law(e, Middle English laf(e, laffe, Middle English–1600s laif, laiff(e, layfe, layff, 1500s le(a)ve, 1600s laiv, Middle English– lave. Etymology: Old English láf = Old Frisian láva , Old Low German léva , Old High German leiba , Old Norse leif , Gothic laiba < Old Germanic laiƀâ strong feminine; for the further etymology see leave v.¹ Obsolete* exc. Scottish. 1. What is left, is over, or remains; the remainder, the rest. a. of persons. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest > of persons lavea1000 the other deal1258 remanantc1330 remnanta1375 reliefa1382 residuea1382 remanent1446 remain1483 remaindera1547 a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 867 (Parker MS.) Sio laf wiþ þone here friþ nam. c1480 (a1400) St. Andrew 987 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 91 Syne þe lawe in þar degre war to met set. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 175 All-weildand god resawe My petows spreit..amange the law. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 306 Ye lave sone wnarmyt war. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. ii. 67 Quham followis all the laif in lyke maneir. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 446 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 108 With lordis of scotland lerit and ye laif. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 228 As for the leue, thair wes bot lytill leid. 1664 Floddan Field i. 9 Of doughty Knights the lusty lave I never could by name repeat. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i My Peggy speaks sae sweetly, To a' the lave I'm cauld. 1794 Har'st Rig xliii. 17 Old Rodney..didnae loiter like the lave. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xvi. 334 Auld Mucklebacket's gane wi' the lave. 1881 L. B. Walford Dick Netherby v. 57 ‘Gif her ain fayther has his fling at my puir bairn, it's like the lave will follow.’ b. of things. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest lave971 otherOE remanantc1350 remnanta1375 surplusc1400 remanent1414 reversionc1450 rest?1473 remain1483 allowance1521 reliquation1658 rump1708 balance1788 971 Blickl. Hom. 111 Hwæt biþ la elles seo laf buton wyrma mete. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 87 Nis þis large relef? nis þis muche laue? a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7116 His wijf fader and moder he gaue O þis hony at ete þe laue. 1427 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 15/1 Þe quhilkis commissaris sal haf ful ande playn power of al þe laif of þe schirefdome. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1306 Half his brede his horse he gaue, And kepid to him self þe laue. c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 351 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 39 Paulis hed, þat þar wes hyd a-mange þe lafe, a hyrd has tane. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 825 in Wks. (1931) I Androw and Ihone did leif thare possessioun, Thar schippis, & nettis, lyinnes, and all the laue. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 360 Five hundreth merkis he to him gave, And tuik in hand to pay the leave. 1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty x Excepting some wha a' the lave will nick. ?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 202 Your every Care an' Fear May whistle owre the lave o't. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 138 I'll pay the lave out o' the butter siller. 1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xii. 91 Jist help me oot, an' lea' the lave to me. †c. in adjectival phrase to lave = remaining, surviving. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > as for the rest [phrase] > remaining or surviving to lave971 971 Blickl. Hom. 79 Þa hi gyt genaman þæs folces þe þær to lafe wæs..hund teontig þusenda. a1175 Cott. Hom. 221 Þe niȝon werod, þe þer to lafon were. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14263 Þa nas þer na-mare i þan fehte to laue [c1300 Otho ileued]. †2. In form loove, love. Relict, widow. Obsolete. rare. (In Old English the word had also the sense ‘relict, widow’.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow widowOE lavec1325 widow woman1340 relictc1460 widow lady1525 widowess1596 maid-widow1655 feme sole1714 veuve1766 ace of spades1811 sod widow1927 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10846 Sir simond de mounfort..Elianore, þe kinges soster, willames loue þe marschal, Contesse of penbroc, spousede. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 75 Henry..ȝaf hym to wyf Constauns contas of Bretayne, þe loove [Caxton wydowe, L. relictam] of his sone Gaufred. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 173 Constans, Geffray his love [v.r. loove, L. relicta]. 1492 in J. M. Cowper Accts. Churchwardens St. Dunstan's, Canterbury (?1886) 18 Item payde for the buryng of Ellerygges loue..iiij s. 1514 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Rec. off Pett's loove wyth owt west gaat ijd. 1557 Will Jno Shoo Item I give to Counstables love xx^d to Steres love xx^d. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). laven.² Brit. /leɪv/, U.S. /leɪv/ Etymology: < lave v.¹ rare. a. The sea. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun] sea-floodc893 brimc937 streamc950 foamOE mereOE seaOE sea of (the) oceanc1300 brookc1400 float1477 strand1513 breec1540 burnc1540 broth1558 Thetisie1600 fishpond1604 brine1605 pond1612 Thetisc1620 brack1627 herring-pond1686 tide1791 black water1816 lave1825 briny1831 salt water1839 blue1861 swan's bath1865 puddle1869 ditch1922 oggin1945 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy (1826) 177 Like the sea-mew that skims o'er the lave. b. The action of laving, wash. ΚΠ 1865 Dublin Univ. Mag. 66 350 The crystal lymph Through sands and ivy pulsed with ceaseless lave. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † laveadj. Forms: Also 1600s loave, 1600s–1700s corruptly leaf. Etymology: See lave v.² Obsolete except in combinations. Of ears: Drooping, hanging. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [adjective] > types of ear lavea1400 sousing1567 pricking1614 erected1676 erect1735 flapped1841 cauliflowered1947 a1400–50 Alexander 4748 With laith leggis & lange & twa laue eres. 1606 Wily Beguilde 58 An I were a woman I would lug off his laue eares. 1659 Lady Alimony ii. vi. sig. Fi But take especial care You button on your night-cap—Morisco. After th' new fashion With his loave Ears without it. 1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal ii. 9 Here the little Ear, there the lave Ear. Compounds lave-ears n. drooping or hanging ears (of a horse). lave-eared adj. (corruptly leaf-eared) having ‘lave-ears’. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [adjective] > having drooping ears lave-eared1570 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > ears or types of lave-ears1607 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Dii/1 Laue eared, plaudus. 1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus i. i. 345 Thou lave-ear'd ass, that loves dross more than arts! 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 42 Of diseases belonging to the eares of a horsse, and first of the laue eares, or hanging eares. 1685 London Gaz. No. 2092/4 A large strong grey Gelding,..somewhat leaf-ear'd. 1701 London Gaz. No. 3750/4 Stolen or strayed..a strong bay Cart-Horse..very wide Lave-Ear'd. c1721 W. Gibson True Method dieting Horses viii. 128 This Method is commonly used by the Jockies to Leaf-ear'd Horses, to cause them to carry their Ears more Upright. 1736 Compl. Family-piece iii. 393 Of Diseases in Horses Ears; and first of the Lave Ears, or hanging Ears. 1926 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 431/1 If a poet..was lave-eared; if he had the eyes of a fawn, then you might be sure that he was a poet, and fear the worst. 1932 W. H. Auden Orators ii. 44 The nasty lave-eared pop-eyed bitch. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). lavev.¹ Brit. /leɪv/, U.S. /leɪv/ Forms: Old English lafian, gelafian, Middle English lavin, 1500s–1600s Scottish lawe, Middle English– lave. Etymology: Two distinct formations appear to have coalesced—(1) Old English had lafian to wash by affusion, to pour (water), corresponding formally to Middle Dutch, Dutch laven , Old High German labôn (Middle High German, modern German laben ) to refresh; compare Old High German laba , modern German labe refreshment. By some scholars the Old English, Dutch, and German words are considered to represent a West Germanic adoption of Latin lavāre to wash. This view involves some difficulty, as the numerous Old High German examples refer to refreshment by food, drink, or warmth, so that the assumed primary sense ‘to wash’, if it ever existed, must have been quite forgotten. The Latin origin, however, accounts well for the senses of the Old English word, which perhaps may be only accidentally similar in form to the continental words. (2) In Middle English the representative of the Old English verb blended indistinguishably with the verb < French laver (= Provençal lavar , Spanish lavar , Portuguese lavar , Italian lavare ) < Latin lavāre = Greek λούειν , < Old Aryan root lou- to wash (whence lather n.). Now chiefly poetic. 1. a. transitive. To wash, bathe. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)] swillc725 wash900 laveOE bewash1589 elavate1599 to wash up1756 to wash down1877 OE Beowulf* 2722 Þegn ungemete till, winedryhten his wætere gelafede. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 48 Lafa þin heafod mid do swa oft swa þe þearf sy. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 145 Hie his fet lauede mid hire hote teres. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 337 She was anone with water laved. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 344 Basons and ewers to laue her dainty hands. View more context for this quotation 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King With Nector pure his oazie locks he laves. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 159 Who could not endure the liquid test, but were soon laved into a ridiculous aspect. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 44 The wave Where their fair vests Phæacian virgins lave. 1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 181 Tumultuous soon they plunge into the Stream, There lave their reeking Sides. 1827–35 N. P. Willis Leper 152 He took a little water in His hand And laved the sufferer's brow. 1858 J. M. Neale tr. Rhythm of Bernard de Morlaix (1865) 35 Who..Bore with me in defilement And from defilement laved. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 162 Now in waters clear thy feet like ivory laving. figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. ii. 34 Wee must laue Our Honors in these flattering streames. View more context for this quotation1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 19 And, when the midnight moon did lave Her forehead in the silver wave.1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. ii. 36 In those bitter tears, childhood itself was laved from her soul for ever. b. intransitive for reflexive. To bathe. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash oneself [verb (intransitive)] > bathe bathec1000 washa1382 bain1483 lave1701 tub1867 bogy1893 tosh1905 1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man ii. 19 Happy he that..unconfin'd may Lave, and Wanton there. 1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 9 In her chast Current oft the Goddess laves. 1801 J. Foster Let. 17 Feb. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 129 To lave in the stream, the tide of deeper sentiments. 1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 129 The calm lake..Where the young cygnets lave. †c. to lave a (= with): to be bathed in or covered with (blood, sweat). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > make wet [verb (transitive)] > be wet with to lave ac1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3733 He swonc i þon fehte þat al he lauede asweote [c1300 Otho leþerede a swote]. a1300 Judas in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 144 He drou hymselve bi the cop, that al it lavede a blode. 2. transitive. Of a river, a body of water: To wash against, to flow along or past. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)] > against land washc1275 lave1623 1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood ii. i. 67 For this River..commeth to laue the Towne of Namure. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cliii. 39 Guns..Whose low-laid mouthes each mounting billow laves. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 215 The bord'ring Ocean laves Her silent Coast. a1717 T. Parnell Night Piece on Death 20 A place of graves, Whose wall the silent water laves. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxi. 318 The flood, Jove's offspring, laved his shoulders. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. viii. 183 He leant against a stranded boat,..And counted every rippling wave, As higher yet her sides they lave. 1859 E. Capern Ballads & Songs (new ed.) 47 Where Torridge laves its banks of green. 1887 Spectator 30 July 1016/2 The shire is laved by a sea teeming with fish. absolute.1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. x. 142 There, through the summer day, Cool streams are laving. 3. a. To pour out with or as with a ladle; to ladle. Also absol. Const. †in, into, on, upon. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out > with or as with a ladle lavec1000 ladle1859 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 124 Hat wæter lafa on. a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 202 Iesu,..Þe deu of grace vpon me laue. a1400 Sir Perc. 2250 Thay wolde not lett long thone, Bot lavede in hir with a spone. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 607 He lauez hys gyftes as water of dyche. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 30 This being done, lave and bounce it [the honey and water] very well and often. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 190 The Lead being melted..is laved into the Pan. a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 81 The Saint..on his Head the hallow'd Water lav'd. 1823 J. G. Lockhart Reginald Dalton III. vi. i. 21 He..laved a few cool drops upon his brow. 1862 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 519 Lave the water..in slight handfuls..gently over the head and face. †b. intransitive. To run, stream. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously > in (a) stream(s) yetOE strikea1225 streama1250 lavec1425 welterc1480 souse1591 spew1670 c1425 Festivals Ch. 220 in Leg. Rood (1871) 217 Dropes rede as ripe cherrees, þat fro his flesshe gan lave. †4. transitive. To draw (water) out or up with a bucket, ladle, or scoop; to bale. Also with out, up, with complement, and absol. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > extract liquid [verb (transitive)] > in buckets, esp. from a well ladec950 draw?a1300 lavec1374 raise1607 bucket1640 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. metr. xii. (E.E.T.S.) 107 [Orpheus] spak and song in wepynge alle þat euer he hadde resceyued and laued oute of þe noble welles of hys modir calliope. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 415 Þat lorde was woned to..lave up water of pitts. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 154 Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest, Scopen out the scaþel water. 1458 in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 41 With xi. laborers lavyng at onys. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 216 Thou fylde faster than fyftenesum mycht lawe. 1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 6 To laue water out of this rotten boate. 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) i. ii. iv. vii. 148 When I haue laved the Sea dry, thou shalt vnderstand the mystery of the Trinity. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 170 As now we were almost sinking..wearied with pumping, & laving out the Water. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 365 A fourth with Labour, laves, Th' intruding Seas, and Waves ejects on Waves. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 3 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) It were Folly and unreasonable Charge..to Lave, or fill 20 or 30 Tubs of Water per Hour. in extended use.1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 5 It [a storm of wind] was yet so violent, that it laved water out of the River Cherwell, and cast it quite over the Bridge at Magdalen College. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † lavev.² Etymology: Compare Old Norse lafa to droop. Obsolete. rare. Of the ears: To droop, hang down. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [verb (intransitive)] > types of ear lave1598 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 7 His Eares hang lauing like a new-lug'd swine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹971n.²1825adj.a1400v.¹OEv.²1598
随便看	highfenced highfibre highfield highfinished highfive highfiving highflash highflashpoint highflavoured highflown highflushed highflux highflyer highflyer moth highflyer walnut highflyers highflying highflying tory highforeheaded highfrequency alternator highfrequency amplification highfrequency driver highfrequency heating highfrequency induction furnace highfrequency resistance

laven.1

laven.2

† laveadj.

Compounds

lavev.1

† lavev.2

laven.¹

laven.²

lavev.¹

† lavev.²