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单词 leaf
释义

leafn.1

Brit. /liːf/, U.S. /lif/
Inflections: Plural leaves /liːvz/.
Forms: 1. Singular

α. Old English Middle English lof (probably transmission error), Old English (in compounds)–1500s lef, Old English– leaf, late Old English læf (Kentish), Middle English leeffe, Middle English leff, Middle English leyf, Middle English leyfe, Middle English lieif, Middle English lif, Middle English lyeaf, Middle English lyeff, Middle English lyf, Middle English lyfe, Middle English 1500s leif, Middle English–1500s leef, Middle English–1500s leefe, Middle English–1500s lefe, Middle English–1500s leffe, Middle English–1500s leof, Middle English–1500s lief, 1500s–1600s leafe, 1500s–1600s leaffe, 1900s– leeaf (Welsh English); Irish English 1800s laafe (Wexford), 1900s– lafe (northern); Scottish pre-1700 laif, pre-1700 laiff, pre-1700 layff, pre-1700 leaf, pre-1700 leafe, pre-1700 lef, pre-1700 leffe, pre-1700 leif, pre-1700 leife, pre-1700 leiff, pre-1700 leiffe, pre-1700 leyff, pre-1700 lief, pre-1700 lif, pre-1700 life, pre-1700 lufe.

β. Middle English leue, Middle English leve- (in compounds), Middle English lyeaue, Middle English lyue, Middle English–1500s leaue, Middle English–1600s (1900s– U.S. regional (southern)) leave, 1900s– leabe (U.S. regional (southern, in African-American usage)).

2. Plural

α. Old English hleofa (Northumbrian), Old English leafo (Northumbrian), Old English leof (Northumbrian), Old English leofo (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English leaf, late Old English leæf (Kentish), early Middle English læfess ( Ormulum), early Middle English lef, Middle English leefes, Middle English lefes, Middle English leffes, 1500s–1600s leaffes, 1500s–1700s leafes, 1600s–1700s leafs; Scottish pre-1700 laiffis, pre-1700 leafes, pre-1700 leaffes, pre-1700 leaffis, pre-1700 leffis, pre-1700 lefis, pre-1700 leiffes, pre-1700 leiffis, pre-1700 leifis, pre-1700 luifis, 1900s– leafs.

β. early Middle English leawes, early Middle English–1500s leues, Middle English leeuys, Middle English leevys, Middle English leuis, Middle English levisse, Middle English lewes, Middle English leweys, Middle English lewyȝs, Middle English lewys, Middle English louos (probably transmission error), Middle English lyeaues, Middle English lywys, Middle English 1600s leeves, Middle English–1500s leeues, Middle English–1500s leuys, Middle English–1500s levis, Middle English–1500s levys, Middle English–1600s leaues, Middle English–1600s leves, 1500s layffys, 1500s– leaves, 1600s leavs; Scottish pre-1700 lavis, pre-1700 leaves, pre-1700 leavis, pre-1700 leaweis, pre-1700 leawes, pre-1700 leeves, pre-1700 leiuys, pre-1700 leivis, pre-1700 leivys, pre-1700 leues, pre-1700 levis, pre-1700 levys, pre-1700 lewis, pre-1700 lewys.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian lāf leaf, foliage, Old Dutch louf leaf (Middle Dutch loof leaf, foliage, Dutch loof foliage, also (now regional: southern) leaf), Old Saxon lōf foliage (Middle Low German lōf foliage), Old High German loub leaf, foliage (Middle High German loup leaf, foliage, German Laub foliage), Old Icelandic lauf leaf, foliage, Old Swedish löf leaf (Swedish löv leaf, foliage), Old Danish løff (Danish løv foliage), Gothic laufs leaf, lauf foliage, further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Russian lupiti (Russian lupit′ ) to peel, strip off, undress, rob, Polish łupić to peel, strip off, rob, Serbian and Croatian lupiti to peel, strip off, strike, knock, Lithuanian lupti to peel, skin, laupyti to tear off, and perhaps further related to the Indo-European base of Early Irish luib plant, Old English lybb (medicinal) drug, poison, charm (see lib n.1) and perhaps also classical Latin liber inner bark of a tree, bast, book (see library n.1).Semantic development. If the Indo-European etymology suggested above is correct, the semantic development is probably linked to the practice of stripping bark, bast, and foliage from plants for use as raw materials and animal feed. Germanic and Old English. A strong neuter in Old English as in most other early Germanic languages, except Gothic, which appears to use a masculine form to denote a single leaf and a neuter to denote leaves collectively or foliage. It has been suggested that this distinction in Gothic may reflect a similar use of the Germanic base, but that in other languages the senses have merged into the neuter form. The general tendency towards the collective use as the main sense appears to support this. In most Germanic languages the sense ‘single leaf’ is now expressed by the respective cognates of blade n. Form history. In Old English as a strong neuter the word is typically unchanged in the nominative and accusative plural (in Northumbrian also with vocalic ending); unchanged plurals are sometimes still attested in early Middle English, but are quickly supplanted by the -s plural. The stem-final inherited voiced fricative was devoiced word-finally in Old English, but voicing was preserved before the vowel of the inflectional endings (although the consonant is written f in both positions). The resulting variation in the paradigm is continued in modern standard English in the distinction between the stem forms of the singular and plural (forms in regional varieties show analogical levelling in both directions). Notes on specific senses. Compare classical Latin folium (see folium n.) and its (ultimate) reflex French feuille (see feuille n. and compare foil n.1), which have a similar range of senses, and of which the English word frequently occurs as a translation equivalent. With use with reference to the age of wine (with a cardinal numeral: see sense 3b) compare post-classical Latin folium vintage year (with an ordinal numeral, e.g. vinum..de tercio folio three-year-old wine) and French feuille a year's growth (in a coppice, etc.) (a1402; with an ordinal numeral), vintage year (16th cent., with a cardinal numeral, e.g. vin de deux feuilles two-year-old wine). Compare foil n.1 1b. With use with reference to thin sheets of metal (see sense 6) compare foil n.1 4. With use with reference to a lobe of the lungs (see sense 8) apparently after post-classical Latin folliculum (13th cent. in the passage translated in quot. a1398: see follicle n.), misinterpreted as a derivative of classical Latin folium leaf (see folium n.); compare early modern French feuille lobe of the lungs (1611 in Cotgrave). Specific compounds. Significantly earlier currency of leaf-light adj. at Compounds 1d(b) is perhaps shown by the following example:OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Oxf.) Prol. 5 Þæs weges ongin, þe to Criste læt, ne meg beon begunnen on fruman butan sumre ancsumnysse, ac þa geþingþa halegera mægena and se gewuna þisse halgan drohtnunge, þe gedeþ leafleoht [OE Wells leafluht] and eaþe, þæt ðe ær earfoðe and ancsumlic þuhte.However, this is more likely to show an error for an (otherwise unattested) Old English compound *lēof-lēoht agreeably easy ( < lief adj. + light adj.1).
I. Senses relating to plants.
1.
a. A flattened structure of a higher plant, typically green and blade-like, that is attached to a stem directly or via a stalk, and in most plants is the chief organ of photosynthesis and transpiration; one of the parts of a plant which collectively constitute its foliage.In its most complete form the leaf consists of a blade (lamina), footstalk (petiole), and stipules; in popular language the word leaf denotes the blade alone. In an extended technical sense the word leaf also includes all those structures which are regarded as modified leaves, such as stamens, carpels, floral envelopes, bracts, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun]
leafeOE
foil14..
fillec1450
fulyiec1485
blade1787
phyllome1875
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxxvi. 2 Quoniam tamquam faenum uelociter arescent et sicut holera herbarum cito cadent : for ðon swe swe heg hreðlice adrugiað & swe swe leaf wyrta hreðe fallað.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxi. 19 Uidens fici arborem..uenit ad eam et nihil inuenit in ea nisi folia tantum : gesæh ðone ficbeom..cuom to ðær ilca & næniht infand in ðær uel in ðæm buta leofo anum.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxxxii. 172 Gewring þæt wos of hyre leafon [?a1200 Harl. 6258B leafen] on ane glæsene ampullan.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 177 Eft to-ȝanes wintre heo hebbeð þenne alle leues fallen.
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) 204 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 7 Þare stod a treo with bowes brode and lere, Ake þare nas opon noþur lief ne rinde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 804 Þai cled þam..Wit leues brad bath o figer.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 67 Quhen..lewis [1489 Adv. levys] on the branchis spredis.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 239 (MED) He sholde rude his gomes with lewys of trenne.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 162 They differ also in the color of the leaue.
1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια To Prince sig. A2 They, soone, will cast their leafs.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 480 So from the root Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves More aerie. View more context for this quotation
1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 205 Like leaves one generation drops, and another springs up.
1779 E. Pendleton Let. 10 May in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 282 The Shrubs and even very tall trees in the woods had their leaves and sprouts killed to the Tops.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights viii, in Poems 53 A sudden splendour from behind Flushed all the leaves with rich goldgreen.
1889 P. Geddes & J. A. Thomson Evol. Sex vi. §1 In most phanerogams..male and female organs occur on different leaves (stamens and carpels) of each flower.
1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions vii. 182 Garnish with green leaves and candied cherries.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 954 The sham-hunt is illustrated by kittens chasing the wind-blown withered leaf in the garden.
1975 J. L. Anderson Night of Silent Drums (1992) i. ii. 10 They would..forage for..whatever green leaves of any kind could be found.
2015 BBC Gardeners' World (Special Subscriber ed.) Aug. 24/4 Often mistaken for silver birch, the hairy birch, Betula pubescens, has more rounded leaves with finer teeth.
b. In various figurative senses, esp. with allusion to growth or thriving.
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 239 Hwich soreȝe bið þer hwen alle þe leaues schule beon to warpled & alþet fulðe schaweð him.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 62 (MED) Þis is þet uerþe lyeaf of þise boȝe þet is propreliche ycleped todraȝynge.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 139 On limitoures and listres lesynges I ymped, Tyl þei bere leues of low speche lordes to plese.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §41 Ne by the branches ne the leues of Confessioun.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 85 [The new law] vendengith and tvnnith, and abandoneth both rynde and leeffe and gaderith the fruytes.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 354 This is the state of Man; to day he puts forth The tender Leaues of hopes, to morrow Blossomes. View more context for this quotation
1640 Bp. H. King Serm. 33 He plants us in our severall vocations, and by the irrigation of His grace quickens our Root, and our Leaf, our faith, and our works which are the germination and fruit of that faith.
1705 A. Symson Tripatriarchicon 11 A faith prolifical, Yielding not only leaves, but fruits with-all, I mean good works.
1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. Ded. p. vi The Barren Leaves of misgrafted Free-thinking.
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth III. iv. 110 Yet our love hath lost no leaf, thank God.
1882 J. L. Watson Life R. S. Candlish xiv. 148 How the leaves fall when the autumn of one's friendship has begun.
1901 Living Age 23 Mar. 774/2 When one begins to avoid the luxury of the fledgling emotions, the first leaf of youth is flown.
1996 Hope Mag. Nov. 71/1 In their tossed-up word salads, I sometimes catch glimpses of continuous themes, diced-up apples of desire, green leaves of love.
2010 R. Westerwelle What so ever you Do 157 Not only will you bear fruit, but also your leaf will not wither.
2. A petal. Now chiefly in rose leaf n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal
leafeOE
fall1629
petalum1687
petal1712
petalon1720
flower-leaf1727
leafit1830
leaflet1855
phyllode1874
eOE Prose Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn II (2009) 74 Ðeah ðe hio sie mid ðære beorhtestan lilian blostmum ofbræded, ond æghwylc blostman leaf hæbbe xii sunnan, ond æghwylc blostma hæbbe xii monan.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. ii. 180 Wiþ sarum magan, rosan leafa, v oþþe vii oððe nigon, & pipores corna emfela.
a1325 Diuersa Cibaria in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 46 (MED) Rosee: Milke of alemauns; leues of roseen so þat hit sauoure of þe roseen; kanele, flour of rys oþer of amydon, [etc.].
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xci. 982 In þe myddil þerof [sc. þe lily] is þe seed..and is wonderliche white, and is closed aboute with benefice of leues of þe flour þat þe seed may be kept.
c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 172 (MED) Roses or the..leves bene fully sprongene..shall be gaderid, and of the rede levys shrede small and of hony..is made mel rosett.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 48v As a rose faire Þat with lefes of þe lylly were lappit by twene.
c1600 Acct.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary (1896) 32 80 Take the leaues of Blew violetes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 92 This Fellow..Vpbraided me about the Rose I weare, Saying, the sanguine colour of the Leaues Did represent my Masters blushing cheekes. View more context for this quotation
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. i. 2 The Corolla, Foliation, vulgarly called, the Leaves of the Flower.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 104 Pure as lines of green that streak the white Of the first snowdrop's inner leaves.
1984 European Garden Flora II. 17/1 Inner leaves of the rosette bright red.
3.
a. The foliage of a plant or tree; leaves collectively. Now chiefly as in (full) leaf: the state or condition of having a full complement of leaves or foliage. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaves or foliage
shadec1000
leafOE
felourea1400
filourc1400
hair1551
leafage1599
foliage1601
umbrage1657
foliature1682
folia1730
greenery1826
leafery1834
feather1842
leafdom1856
leaf mass1857
greening1895
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective]
in (full) leafOE
leavedc1300
leavy?1440
leafya1522
leavish1530
leafed1552
fronded1640
folious1658
foliaceous1676
frondent1677
furnished1712
foliose1727
leaf-strewn1730
foliaged1816
foliiferous1828
frondous1828
frondiparous1866
OE Monastic Canticles (Durh. B.iii.32) (1976) xxii. 8 Non timebit cum venerit aestas; Sed erit folium eius viride : hit ne ondræt þænne cemð sumor ac bið leaf his grene.
lOE Canterbury Psalter i. 3 Lignum..Quod fructum suum dabit in tempore suo et folium eius non decidet : treow..þet his wæstm uel blæd sceal giuan on his timan & his læf ne sceal tofallan.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16859 (MED) Þe rode it was wit leif [a1400 Gött. lieif] and barc florist ful selcuthli.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 77 (MED) As bornyst syluer þe lef on slydez Þat þike con trylle on vch a tynde.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 56 Pearserthnut..is in leafe and braunch bearing like to Cicer.
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie iii. f. 26 A Sycamore..in leafe it ressembleth ye Mulberie tree.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 25 I haue liu'd long enough: my way of life Is falne into the Seare, the yellow Leafe . View more context for this quotation
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 362 The year began in March with the coming of the leaf.
1745 W. Ellis Agric. Improv'd II. July 100 The Ash..comes into full Leaf as late as the Oak.
1768 G. White Let. 18 Apr. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 47 When the leaf is out.
1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 44 Ere yet the green leaf of her days was come.
1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 19 All in full leaf and beauty.
1920 P. J. Fryer Insect Pests & Fungus Dis. Fruit & Hops xli. 600 An excellent and powerful winter spray for all fungus diseases... It is much too powerful to use when trees are in leaf.
1976 Jrnl. Ecol. 64 1087 Most plants are in leaf by early April.
2002 Independent 4 May (Mag.) 36/3 The deciduous ones are in full leaf, covering the ground and looking their fresh best.
†b. figurative. With modifying numeral indicating the age of a wine in years. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > [noun] > season or year
leaf1432
vint1639
vintage1746
Heurige1834
year1934
1432 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §43. m. 5 Whanne þe wynes of Gascoigne and Guyen were wele and truly made..þan were þei faire, fyne, wele drinkyng and lastyng, of .iiij. or .v. leves.
1594 H. Plat Jewell House 71 Wine of nine or ten leaues (as they terme it) which is so many yeares olde.
1684 J. Strype tr. J. Lightfoot Horæ Hebraicæ in Wks. II. 411 Wine of three leaves. The Gloss is, Of three years: because from the time that the Vine had produced that Wine, it had put forth its leaves three times.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Wine In France, the Wines that keep best,..are reckon'd superannuated at five or six Leaves old.
4. spec. The leaves of a plant cultivated for commercial purposes.
a. The leaves of the tobacco plant, or of other plants used for smoking. Cf. leaf tobacco n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > tobacco leaf
leaf1595
leaf tobacco1600
1595 A. Chute Tabacco 38 Tabacco hath both floure, seed, and leafe.
a1618 J. Sylvester Tobacco Battered in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1145 Impose so deep a Taxe On all these Ball, Leafe, Cane, and Pudding-packs.
1688 J. Harrison Let. 5 Oct. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) VI. 272 The Tobacco called Aronoco consisting of a very thin and fine leaf hath not subtance enough to drink in the mixture the Tobacconists call by the name of Liquor.
1703 tr. L. de Lahontan New Voy. N.-Amer. II. 53 They are forc'd to buy up Brasil Tobaco, which they mix with a certain Leaf..call'd Sagakomi.
1770 L. Carter Diary 31 Aug. (1965) I. 480 My Tobacco every year is thicker in the leaf..than any they make.
1841 Southern Planter July 119/2 Many planters fire their tobacco until the oil is removed and the leaf made stiff.
1889 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang Bit of leaf (prison), a small quantity of tobacco.
1943 Eng. Jrnl. 32 343/1 The leaf—that is, unrolled tobacco—got its name from the Carib Indians.
1972 Guardian 29 Jan. 9/2 Mr Williams had three previous convictions for possession of cannabis... ‘A man..let me have some leaf for five shillings.’
2008 B. Yeargin N. Carolina Tobacco 154 Japan's interest in U.S. leaf goes back more than half a century.
b. The leaves of the tea plant. Cf. leaf tea n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > tea-plant > [noun] > leaf or leaves
tea1655
leaf?1660
Paraguay tea1737
flashes1880
?1660 T. Garway Exact Descr. Leaf Tea (single sheet) All Persons of Eminency and Quality, Gentlemen and others, who have occasion for Tea in Leaf may be supplyed.
1756 J. Hanway Jrnl. Eight Days Journey 205 Bohea tea is gathered at different times, viz. the first in April, the leaf being yet young and green.
1784 R. Twining Observ. Tea & Window Act 41 In every chest of Tea a dissimilarity of leaf may be discovered.
1875 Sat. Rev. 40 553/1 For green tea the leaf is ‘fired’ within two hours of picking.
1923 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 340 48 Some of the leaf which is brought to Twatulia, the tea market of the island, is ready for packing and shipment.
1990 K. B. Chow & I. Kramer All Tea in China 85 Smaller producers bring their leaf to local factories which are generally well equipped.
2001 Guardian 13 July ii. 7/3 There's leaf tea and broken leaf tea. We're only dealing with the leaf here.
II. Senses relating to things resembling, suggestive of, or connected with a leaf or leaves.
5. A sheet of paper, parchment, etc., esp. as part of a book or document where each side of the sheet is a page; a folio. Also: the material written or printed on such a leaf. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > leaf
leafOE
pagec1485
side1530
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > one of folds or folded sheet
leafOE
turn-over1829
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xlii. 68 Feower leafum oþþe fifum..of þære boce geræddum, ealle endemes heora nihtsang singan.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. i. 30 Man scof þara boca leaf, þe of Hibernia coman.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 3 Ich..habbe ired ant araht moni mislich leaf.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 24 Laȝamon leide þeos boc & þa leaf [c1300 Otho leues] wende.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 1 And ine huyche half of þe lyeaue be tuaye lettres of þe abece. Þet is to wytene .A. and .b. .A. betocneþ þe uerste half of þe leaue .b. þe oþerhalf.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvi. l. 104 He wol deuiny sone, And preouen it by here apocalips..And bote þe ferste leef [c1400 Cambr. Dd.3.13 word] be lesynge leyf me neuere after!
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 67 Who so list it noght yhere Turne ouer the leef, and chese another tale.
1490 W. Caxton in tr. Boke yf Eneydos Prol. sig. Aj I..toke a penne & ynke and wrote a leef or tweyne.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. B.vij Read the .xvj. lyne the fyrste syde of the .xij. leif.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti i, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. A2 Happy ye leaues when as those lilly hands..Shall handle you.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 118 [They] Are not within the Leafe of pitty writ. View more context for this quotation
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. 202 It will be fit to have a Book in Folio, that a sheet of Paper makes but two Leafs.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 131 I..began the other Page in the same manner, and so turned over the Leaf.
1765 Minutes of Court of Bank of Eng. 19 Dec. Ordered that..the servant be desired to write his Master's name and his own in a leaf of the Cheque Book.
1818 H. Parry Art of Bookbinding 31 Common marble paper pasted between the first and second leaf of the end-papers.
1864 Godey's Lady's Bk. Mar. 296 Fold the paper over, and press it heavily between the leaves of a book.
1920 Times 5 Nov. 13/4 There would have been ample time to prevent its appearance in the book itself..by cancelling the leaf on which it was printed.
1993 Martha Stewart Living Dec. 32 Glue your picture to the inside leaf of a card and..cut a peek-a-boo window in the front leaf.
2003 M. Belson On the Press Gloss. 347 Perfect binding: a style of unsewn binding in which the leaves of the book are held together at the binding edge by adhesive.
6.
a. Metal , esp. gold or silver, in the form of a thin sheet (in earlier use) or a very thin foil (in current use). Cf. gold leaf n., silver-leaf n.Earliest in gold leaf n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > gilding > gold or silver leaf
leafOE
platec1391
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 210 Þeah..þa ricestan hatan him reste gewyrcan of marmanstane & of oðrum goldfrætewum..& mid dieorwyrðum wyrtgemengnessum eall geseted & mid goldleafum geþread ymbutan.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 23v Electum, a lefe of golde.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 10 Vpon a Stith with a Mallet it [sc. gold] is brought into most thin leafe or plate.
1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 166 The leafe of Milan is made of Iron.
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck at Bleck Lettanie that is as thinne as a leafe of gold.
1672 N. Grew Let. 12 Mar. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1971) VIII. 588 Gold, wch..beeing beaten into Leaves, rides upon ye least breath of ayre.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 344 Put it into several Leafs of the finest Gold.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Mould, among Gold-Beaters, a certain Number of Leaves of Velom..between which they put the Leaves of Gold and Silver.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 135 Leaf Metal (except of Gold) the packet to contain 250 leaves.
1884 Manufacturer & Builder Mar. 68/1 Each book will contain twenty-five leaves of gold, about 3½ inches square.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xi. 252 Dutch metal is an alloy of copper..and zinc..in the form of a thin leaf.
1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print xi. 129 (caption) The rabbit's foot is used in manipulating the extremely thin leaves of gold.
2005 K. Admas Compl. Bk. Glass Beadmaking 24/1 Silver, gold, palladium, and copper leaf are sold in books.
b. A thing that resembles a leaf in being flat and thin; a sheet or layer of something; a lamina. Cf. lantern-leaves n. at lantern n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > thin plate or layer
foil?c1390
spelt?a1400
leafc1475
lamin1489
lamea1586
shell1585
lamina1656
lamel1676
lamella1678
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 24v Tunica cornea..þis tunicle is compouned of foure riȝt sutil leues or skynnes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. vi. 571 The first who couered all the walls..with leaues of marble [Fr. de marbre].
1640 in J. Entick Hist. London (1767) II. 175 Horns of lanthorn, the 1000 leaves.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 142 The Sheds here were..lined with broad Leaves of Teke (the Timber Ships are built with).
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Exfoliative Trepan, one proper to scrape, and at the same time to pierce a bone, and so to exfoliate or raise several leaves or flakes one after another.
1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund II. iv. ix. 199 The modern buildings at Rome..appear to be all porphyry, marble..when, in reality, they have no more of these stones than a thin superficial leaf.
1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors iii. 57 The bones, or rather, slabs of whalebone radiate in leaves that lie edgewise to the mouth.
1880 Chambers's Encycl. (U.S. ed.) at Deals When a deal is sawed into twelve or more thin planks, they are called ‘leaves’.
1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 59 To 1 pint brown stock add..8 leaves of gelatine, and 2 whites of eggs.
1990 Pract. Woodworking Mar. 54/2 Obtain a leaf of two contrasting veneers..from your veneer supplier.
2005 Wood Digest Dec. Each leaf of veneer is edge glued together by the splicer to form a complete face.
c. Each of the metal strips of a leaf spring.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > spring > part of
springhead1843
leaf1846
spring gaiter1917
1846 Mech. Mag. 31 Jan. 84/1 The spring 1 may contain 12 leaves from ¼ to ⅜ths of an inch thick.
1905 R. T. Sloss Bk. Automobile vi. 124 The friction of the leaves decreases with the tension of the spring.
1936 F. Clune Roaming round Darling ix. 78 We left the car to have a couple of extra leaves inserted in the springs.
2015 Brant News (Brantford, Ont.) (Nexis) 24 June (Shopping section) 1 Broken leaves, if ignored, can end up sliding out of the spring pack and..rubbing on the inside of the tire.
d. spec. A thin sheet of soap or other detergent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap
soft soap?a1425
washing-ball1538
ball1575
tablet1582
musk ball1589
liquid soap1600
soap-ball1601
wash-ball1601
savonette1702
brick soap1753
bar-soap1824
bar1834
sand-ball1846
soap powder1865
leaf1882
soap leaf1909
soap flakes1926
shower gel1970
1882 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 16 Mar. A novelty is a small pocketbook with leaves of soap.
1898 Zion's Herald 7 Dec. 1560 You find that the sheets are not paper, but leaves of soap.
1925 G. Martin Mod. Soap & Detergent Industry II. i. ii. 35 Soap Leaves are prepared by passing continuous paper sheets over rollers through a hot solution of soap.
1959 Which? Nov. 152/2 There were differences between these shampoos and some of the powder or leaf varieties.
2005 Mail on Sunday 7 Feb. Pamper her with a heartshaped gift-box containing..rosewater soap leaves.
7.
a. Each of a pair or series of parts connected at one side or end by a hinge; a flap. Now only in specific uses in senses 7b, 7c, 7d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [noun] > that which hangs or is suspended > something suspended at the side
leaf1367
flap1565
flappet?1578
1367 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 81 2 bemys [with the] levys, 13 s. 4 d.
a1400 Prose Life Christ (Pepys) (1922) 4 (MED) Þai senten hym a lef of tables [L. pugillarem], & he wrot þere onne þat his name scholde be nempned Jon.
1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 46 A beme þat y weye þer-with, and ij leuys.
c1524 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 118 A Spear with 2 leues.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOOviii He..wrote them in a payre of tables of stone, whiche tables had two leaues, or two bredes.
1573 Will of Henry Hamer in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1860) II. 205 One mucke weyne wth leaves.
b. Each of two or more hinged, folding, or sliding parts of a folding door, window, gate, or shutter; (also) one half of a double door, gate, or window.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > folding gate > one of parts of
leafc1380
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > shutter > parts of shutter
leafc1380
back-flap1823
back-fold1851
back-shutter-
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > leaf of door
valvea1387
leaf1611
impost1730
folding1757
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1327 Þe wyndowes wern y-mad of iaspre..þe leues were masalyne.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xvi. 3 & þennys risynge he [sc. Sampson] tooc boþe lefis of þe ȝate.
1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 170 (MED) Item, for ij bordes to þe leves of þe same wendowes..ix d.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin (1899) xv. 254 (MED) Stronge yates covered with Iren nailed, that shet with two leves well and strongly barred.
1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 265 Puttyng backe the leafe of a window with his dagger.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xli. 24 And the doores had two leaues a piece, two turning leaues. View more context for this quotation
1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride ii. i. 16 The Iron Gates..are still wide stretch'd..And staring on us with unfolded Leaves.
1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 102 Coach-Gates..are usually made with two Leaves or Folding-doors.
1794 tr. P. N. Chantreau Philos., Polit., & Lit. Trav. Russia II. viii. 118 The two leaves of the door opened, the Emperor came in.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xli. 370 Two..personages in black flung open each a leaf of the door.
1887 Times 25 Aug. 4/5 One leaf of each pair of gates.
1923 N. Amer. Rev. Dec. 835 One leaf of the big gate in the high board fence was pulled back.
1988 Do it Yourself Apr. 6/2 The sliding leaf is fitted with adjustable rollers running on tracks fitted to the cill/threshold.
2011 D. Shan Chinese Vernacular Dwellings 28 A pair of drum stones stood outside of the wooden leaves of the gate.
c. The part of a drawbridge or bascule bridge which is raised on a hinge.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > lifting-bridge > part of
leaf1442
1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §14. m. 11 Bilde anothir brigge..with a draght lef contenyng the space of .iiij. fete..for the voidyng thorugh of the mastes of the shippes..and that every shipmen..may lafully lifte up and close the seid lef.
1653 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 117 Liberty..to alter the drawe bridge..to make it to rise in two leaves.
1755 J. Smeaton Diary 7 July in Journey to Low Countries (1938) 55 This little flap is intended for the passage of small vessels, to save the trouble of drawing the great leaves.
1791 Selby Bridge Act 34 The leaf or leaves of the said bridge.
1829 G. Poulson Beverlac 134 The men of Kingston-upon-Hull attempted to make them pay a toll for lifting up the leaf, or trap, of the bridge.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 30 June 5/2 The ponderous bascules or leaves of the bridge were seen to rise steadily.
1914 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 63/1 The rising leaf will be one hundred and sixty feet in length.
1991 New Civil Engineer 3 Oct. 15/2 A controversial crossing of High Victorian Gothic profile equipped with the latest in steam powered, hydraulically driven bascule leaves.
2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 12 July ii. 1/1 Among the hallmarks of Chicago are its trunnion bascule bridges, in which the bridge leaves are hinged on opposite river banks.
d. A hinged, sliding, or removable section forming an extension to a table. Cf. table leaf n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > table with leaf or flap > leaf or flap
leaf1501
table leaf1676
table flap1828
1501 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 477 Ane comptour burd with ane leif.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Triplex, three folde, treble, a table with thre leaues.
1577 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 414 A table withe two leves vjs. viijd.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 28 May (1972) VI. 109 Here I saw one pretty piece of household stuff; as the company encreaseth, to put a larger leaf upon an Ovall table.
1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 244 The Leaf has in It 8 Desks..with Springs under the Edge of the Leaf, so Contriv'd, that they may Open, and Shut at Pleasure.
1716 I. Newton Let. in Corr. (1976) VI. 378 The vein of silver ore..is..a broad flat vein like the leafe of a Table.
1789 T. Jefferson Let. 16 Nov. in Papers (1958) XV. 546 The bed of the table when the leaves are shut is to be 2 ft. 6 In. by 3 f.
1830 F. Marryat King's Own III. i. 10 He has finished the spare-leaf of the dining-table.
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 652/2 The table was cleared off, and the leaves taken out.
1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 182/2 If the leaves of a gate-leg table mar the finish on the legs.., insert rubber-headed tacks in the underside of the leaves.
1981 D. B. Webster Canad. Georgian Furnit. 24 Constructed with an extra swing leg to support the hinged leaf, this table is of mahogany and pine.
2002 Yachting Oct. 128/2 A cleverly designed leaf slides seamlessly into place to create an alfresco dining table.
e. Firearms. A hinged projection on a gun barrel for use in aiming. Cf. leaf sight n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > sight > types of
dispart1578
telescopic sight1674
plain sight1686
aim-frontlet1745
hausse1787
foresight1806
gloaming sight1817
night-sight1822
bead1831
leaf1832
backsight1847
globe sight1847
pendulum hausse1850
hindsight1851
tangent scale1859
tangent1861
tangent backsight1862
training pendulum1862
training level1863
peep sight1866
dispart-sight1867
notch sight1867
buck-horn1877
orthoptic1881
aperturea1884
pinball-sighta1884
dispart patch1884
sight bar1884
flap-sight1887
barley-corn1896
ring sight1901
riflescope1902
spotting scope1904
tangent sight1908
Aldis sight1918
wind-sight1923
scope sight1934
gyro-sight1942
1832 New Sporting Mag. Sept. 329/2 If the shots are on the right of the object fired at, shift the sight a trifle to the left, and if on the contrary to the right, and so proceed with the leaves of the folding sight to the other distances.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Sept. 3/1 Half the company with the leaf of the sight raised and half with it down.
1985 Christie's Sale Catal. Mod. & Vintage Firearms 20 Mar. 10 Figured and chequered stock with pistolgrip,..Lyman peep-sight, ivory-faced trapeziform-sight with two folding leaves.
2012 W. van Zwoll Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Rifles xxiii. 139 No folding leaves, please; open sights aren't for long shooting!
†8. A part (probably a lobe) of the lung. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > lungs > lobe of
lapc1000
leafa1398
lobe?1541
lappet1609
fin1615
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxiii. 211 Þanne to schape þe voys aier is ifonge in þe leues of þe longen [L. in folliculo pulmonis].
9.
a. Decorative Arts and Architecture. A representation of a leaf; an object, ornament, or motif resembling a leaf, esp. as carved ornamentation on a pillar or column. Cf. leafage n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > foliage > leaf
leafc1400
water-leaf1444
acanthus1592
oak leaf1649
lotus leaf1739
raffle leaf1772
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1464 (MED) Pinacles pyȝt þer apert..al bolled abof wyth braunches and leves.
1459 Inventory Fastolf's Wardrobe in Paston Lett. (1904) III. 177 j. close bedde of palle grene and whyte, with levys of golde.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clvii The..embowes were of very strange worke, with leaues, balles, & other garnishinges.
1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 20v A foliature of oke leaues and acornes winding about their chapters standing vpon their subiect Plynths.
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 106 The leaves and foliate works are commonly thus contrived.
1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. i. xxix. 70 The Chapter had this in particular, that its stalks and flexures of the leaves were made in the form of Ramms horns.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Leaves, in Architecture, an Ornament in the Corinthian Capital, and thence borrowed into the Composite.
1740 E. Robinson Let. in M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 73 Her clothes were embroidered upon white satin, with vine leaves..and rose-buds.
1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. I. 269 Carolytic columns have foliated shafts, decorated with leaves and branches winding spirally around them.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 993 Leaves, ornaments imitated from natural leaves, whereof the ancients used two sorts, natural and imaginary.
1904 R. Sturgis Lübke's Outl. Hist. Art I. 272 A coarser form of the Ionic capital crowns the two rows of daintily curved acanthus leaves.
1951 N. Marsh Opening Night iii. 62 There was a tarnished looking-glass, upon the surface of which someone had..painted a number of water-lilies and leaves.
1991 Atlantic July 103/2 The lobby is worth a visit..for its swags of leaves, fruits, and flowers, carved in the early 1920s.
2010 Oxoniensia 74 106 The leaves of the capital are arranged facing outward towards the viewer.
b. Geometry. A loop formed by a curve, esp. that of a strophoid. Cf. foliate adj. 2b. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > other
amblygon1570
obliquea1608
triangulate1610
pelecoid1706
leaf1716
oblongitude1739
hexagram1863
polystigm1863
tetragram1863
tetrastigm1863
trigram1882
tetromino1954
tromino1954
tetrabolo1961
Penrose tile1975
1716 A. de Moivre in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 330 Whereas the Foliate is exactly quadrable, the whole Leaf thereof being but one third of the Square of AB.
1795 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. I. 533 Foliate, a curve of the 2d order..consisting of two infinite legs crossing each other, forming a kind of leaf.
1895 Amer. Math. Monthly 2 365 Find..in the leaf of the strophoid whose axis is a the axis of an inscribed leaf of the lemniscata.
2010 H. R. Beyer Calculus & Anal. 237 Approximate the area..enclosed by the Cartesian leaf.
10. A layer of fat surrounding the kidneys of a pig. Also in extended use.Cf. leaf fat n., leaf lard n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > fat
sueta1325
greasea1340
tallowa1382
leaf?c1425
fat1539
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by parts > fat round kidneys
midgeneOE
leaf1552
fleck1575
leaf fat1702
flare1847
?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 425 Take the lefe of porke sethen..and grynde hit smalle.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 85 (MED) Medill hem wyth þe leef-grees of a swyn.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Leaffe or fat of a swyne, vnctum.
1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 207 Leaves of ij swyne iiijd.
1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 8 What say you to a leafe or flecke of a brawn new kild?
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World v. 106 I heard of a Monstrous Green Turtle... The leaves of Fat afforded 8 Gallons of Oyl.
1753 Scots Mag. Jan. 48/2 The fore chine weighed 64, and the leaves 75 pounds.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 328 A moist thick lobe, a word especially applicable to the liver and lungs and the leaves of fat.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Leeaf, or Leaf, the inside layer of fat in a pig or a goose. ‘Geease-leeaf.’
1886 Harper's Mag. July 206/2 Lard, ‘made from hog round, say head, gut, leaf, and trimming’, is..in demand.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 214/2 The finest quality [of lard], used for making oleomargarine, is got from the leaf.
1934 F. Allen in Meat Trade II. iv. 113 The leaf, or flair, of the pig is generally regarded as producing the best lard.
1955 W. G. R. Francillon Good Cookery iii. 53 The leaf or caul (a lining of fat taken from the inside of the animal)..should be placed over the joint before baking.
2006 Mercury (Leicester) (Nexis) 13 Jan. 16 I was taught how to take the leaf (fat) out and to render it down.
†11. A disease of sheep attributed to the ingestion of oak or hawthorn leaves; = leaf-sickness n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep
pocka1325
soughta1400
pox1530
mad1573
winter rot1577
snuffa1585
leaf1587
leaf-sickness1614
redwater1614
mentigo1706
tag1736
white water1743
hog pox1749
rickets1755
side-ill1776
resp1789
sheep-fag1789
thorter-ill1791
vanquish1792
smallpox1793
shell-sicknessc1794
sickness1794
grass-ill1795
rub1800
pine1804
pining1804
sheep-pock1804
stinking ill1807
water sickness1807
core1818
wryneck1819
tag-belt1826
tag-sore1828
kibe1830
agalaxia1894
agalactia1897
lupinosis1899
trembling1902
struck1903
black disease1906
scrapie1910
renguerra1917
pulpy kidney1927
dopiness1932
blowfly strike1933
body strike1934
sleepy sickness1937
swayback1938
twin lamb disease1945
tick pyaemia1946
fly-strike1950
maedi1952
nematodiriasis1957
visna1957
maedi-visna1972
visna-maedi1972
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell iii. 238 There is also in the Spring a disease commeth to manie lambes,..and is much in laie pastures, which disease ye shepherds cal, ye leafe because (as they say) they wil feed most commonly on leaues, & chiefly in Oke or the hauthorne leafe, & soone after they will reele and stagger, and fome at the mouth.
1704 Dict. Rusticum Leaf; is a Distemper incident to Lambs of ten, or fourteen Days old.
1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep 320 Some call it wood evil, and others the leaf. Some suppose they get it by feeding upon wood, or some leaf upon the ground.
12. Chiefly Watchmaking and Clockmaking. Each of the teeth of a pinion.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > tooth
coga1250
tooth?1523
sprocket1655
staff1659
leaf1675
wrong1688
round1731
wrist1864
whelp1875
wrist-pin1875
pinion leaf1881
1675 J. Smith Horol. Dialogues i. iii. 14 Every tooth (or leaf) of that pinion must be worn ten times as much as every tooth in that wheel.
1730 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 195 An Iron Wheel,..to be carried round by a Pinion, u, of a few Leaves.
1805 D. Brewster in Ferguson's Lect. Mech. (new ed.) II. 82 When the small wheel is solid and oblong, and it's teeth longer than their distance from the axis,..its teeth are named leaves.
1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) xv. 251 The locking-plate wheel may have 78 teeth and may be driven by a pinion of eight leaves.
2010 J. Rabushka Repair & restore Your 400-day Clock viii. 31 Afterward charge the end of a toothpick with a bit of metal polish and polish the pinion leaves.
†13. The sheet or strip of leather on one side of a wool card into which the teeth are inserted. Cf. card n.1 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing wool > [noun] > combing > comb > parts of
leaf1688
stock1835
porcupine tooth1845
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 92/1 The Leaf, the Leather to set the Teeth in. Pricking the Leaf, is making holes in the Leather, into which the teeth are put.
14. The brim of a hat. Cf. leafed adj. 3.Now chiefly as wide leaf, broad leaf, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > brim
brim1594
breward1611
leaf1769
1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. 210 Harry let down the leaf of his hat, and drew it over his eyes to conceal his emotions.
1790 J. O'Fallon Let. 25 Sept. in W. Lowrie & M. St. C. Clarke Amer. State Papers (1832) IV. 117 Their uniforms are to consist of..a hat, with its leaf flapped up behind, and the crown thereof covered with a piece of bearskin.
1841 W. H. Ainsworth Guy Fawkes xi His hat was..somewhat broader in the leaf than was ordinarily worn.
1893 P. W. Joyce Short Hist. Ireland 118 The barread or hat was cone-shaped and without a leaf.
1940 Irish Times 29 May 1/2 A charming wide leaf Hat for sunny days.
1955 Townsville (Queensland) Daily Bull. 6 Jan. 4/1 Wide leaf brown felt hats..23/11.
2013 W. Ryan Gray's Sporting Journal's Noble Birds & Wily Trout ii. 39 Jasper dressed the part of romantic hero, wearing a close-fitting jacket and tight hose..with a broad leaf hat.
15. Weaving.
a. = harness n. 6. Also: a set of heddles mounted upon a harness (also more fully leaf of heddles). Cf. heddle n., leash n. 7a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts
studdlelOE
staff1338
trendle14..
trindle1483
cylinder?a1560
harness1572
mail1731
mounture1731
leaf1807
march1807
dropbox1823
neck-twine1827
mounting1835
shaft1839
Jack1848
selvage-protector1863
serpent1878
take-up motiona1884
swell1894
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > heddle(s) > leaf of
gear1500
leaf1807
standard1807
1807 J. Duncan Pract. & Descriptive Ess. Art of Weaving: Pt. I 122 Plate 8. contains the various parts of a back harness and other apparatus, consisting of five harness leaves, and five plain leaves.
1831 G. R. Porter Treat. Silk Manuf. 238 All varieties of twilling depend upon the..working of the different leaves of heddles.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1230 The heddles being stretched between two shafts of wood, all the heddles connected by the same shafts are called a leaf.
1920 Indian Industries & Power July 654/2 This leaf has long eyes in it to allow the other leaves to work when it is not in use.
2014 P. G. Totora & I. Johnson Fairchild Bks. Dict. Textiles (ed. 8) 282/2 Harness, a wood or metal frame that holds the heddles in position in the loom during weaving. Also called leaf.
b. With modifying number: designating twill woven in a pattern formed by passing the warp over the indicated number of wefts and then under one weft, as twill of three (also four, five etc.) leaves, four-leaf twill, eight-leaf twill, etc.
ΚΠ
1807 J. Duncan Pract. & Descriptive Ess. Art of Weaving: Pt. I 101 In the eight leaf tweel, two leaves are omitted.
1888 J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 464/2 Regular twills of from four to eight leaves are woven in the same manner.
1931 Anniston (Alabama) Star 12 Mar. 3/5 Of genuine 4-Leaf Twill Cotton.
1976 Current Industr. Rep.: Cotton Broadwoven Gray Goods Summary 1975 (U.S. Dept. Commerce) 5 (table) Four leaf twills Under 52 inches.
2007 J. G. Bralla Hand-bk. Manufacturing Processes 747/1 In the most common arrangement, an eight-leaf twill, the weft is intersected and bound down at every eighth pick.
†16. A broad blade of a screw propeller or similar device. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1816 R. Trevithick in Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. Feb. 147 By putting flat plates or leaves upon the revolving arms within the case, I produce a current of air, in the manner of a winnowing machine, for blowing the fire.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1810/1 The leaves of the propeller may be of rubber or thin metallic plates.
1925 U.S. Patent 1,527,355 2/2 The passage of the liquid has been abruptly checked or stopped by striking the various leaves of the propeller blades interposed in its path.
17. The nasal appendage of a leaf-nosed bat; = nose-leaf n. at nose n. Compounds 2. Also: the external portion (pinna) of the ear of a mammal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > other parts
paxwaxa1325
testis1681
leaf1819
Harderian gland1822
fair-hair1825
ovarian follicle1834
Graafian follicle1841
thyro-hyal1854
Gartner's canal1874
admaxillary1896
baculum1939
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > suborder Microchiroptera > member of family Megadermatidae > parts of
leaf1819
nose-leaf1837
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [noun] > flap or lobe
lapc1000
ear-lapOE
list1530
lippet1598
lug1602
lappet1609
handle1615
libbet1627
auricle1650
flip-flop1661
pinna1682
helix1684
lobe1719
earlobea1785
ear flap1810
leaf1819
shell1831
pavilion1842
ear bud1953
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXVII. at Vespertilio A tailless bat, with a nose furnished with a plane leaf acuminated. This is found in South America.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick lxxiv. 369 The ear [of a whale] has no external leaf whatever; and into the hole itself you can hardly insert a quill.
2015 J. Kingdon Afr. Mammals (ed. 2) 340 Bats of this family are related to horseshoe bats but leaf structures differ.
18. Building. One of the parts or layers of a cavity wall or double-glazed window.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > wall > layer of
leaf1938
1938 R. Fitzmaurice Princ. Mod. Building I. iii. 160 Carelessness..may result in material being dropped into the cavity which may form a bridge across which water is transmitted to the inner leaf.
1943 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 91 141/2 Here we have a highly efficient double-leaf wall insulated at its edges.
1958 House & Garden Feb. 69/1 The cavity walls have an outer leaf of yellow-buff bricks.
1986 Do it Yourself June 22/1 The walls are built with two 4in. solid concrete block leaves, 6in. apart, and the cavity is filled with 1:2:4 concrete.
1997 A. Lyons Materials for Architects & Builders vii. 165/1 The outer leaf in the double-glazing system may be clear or any other specialist glass.

Phrases

P1. In senses of Branch I.
a. fall of the leaf: see fall n.2 Phrases 4.
b. in the leaf: designating tea or tobacco sold in the form of loose, uncut leaves. Cf. loose-leaf adj. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [adjective] > stemmed or cut > not
in the leaf1651
unstemmed1883
1651 J. French Art Distillation ii. 49 Of Tobacco in the leafe three ounces.
1688 Act 1 William & Mary 2nd Sess. c. 6 §2 in Statutes of Realm (1963) VI. 18 The Duties and Charges hereafter mentioned shall be collected and received..at the Custome house upon Coffee-Berries, Tea in the Leafe and Cacao Nutts.
1766 London Mag. Nov. 600/1 The St. Ignatius..arrived in the bay of Cadiz on the 20th ult. Her cargo..consists of 534,864 crowns; 497 arobes of tobacco in the leaf.., and other effects.
1860 Penny Newsman 11 May 3/2 There are jars of apple jelly and of tomato sauce, vases of tea in the leaf and of coffee in the berry.
1898 Tit-Bits 7 May 105/3 Tobacco..in the Navy..is usually served out in the leaf.
1929 N.Y. Times 9 Oct. 47/4 Coffee in the bean and tea in the leaf have always been unsatisfactory to both the trade and the consumer.
1950 Mercury (Hobart) 11 Feb. 11/5 When the Admiralty's present supply of tobacco in the leaf is exhausted, the issue is to be stopped.
2009 D. Rawe Spargo's Confession (2012) xxviii. 251 We took on a cargo of..ten bales of tobacco in the leaf.
c. (as) light as leaf on lind (also linden, tree, etc.)and variants: as light or weightless as a leaf; (hence) cheerful, merry; (also, in negative sense) heedless, unthinking. Now archaic and rare.Quot. 1954 is anticipated in the title of an earlier version of the same poem:
1925 J. R. R. Tolkien in Gryphon (Univ. Leeds) June 217 (title of poem) Light as leaf on lindentree.
ΚΠ
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 44 In May hit murgeþ when hit dawes,..ant lef is lyght on lynde.]
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. i. l. 154 (MED) Whan it [sc. love] haued of þis folde flesshe & blode taken, Was neuere leef vpon lynde liȝter þer-after.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Envoy l. 35 Be ay of cheere as light as leef on lynde.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3595 (MED) Lo here Mankynde, lyter þanne lef is on lynde!
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvi. 355 I am as light as leyfe on tre For ioyfull sight that I can se.
c1505 Adambel Clym of Cloughe & Wyllyam of Cloudesle (de Worde) (verso third leaf) Thus be these good yemen gone to the wode As lyght as lefe on lynde.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. vi. 354 Fair she was and free; And in the wind she went as light As leaf of linden-tree.
d. to shake (also tremble, etc.) like (also as) a leaf and variants: (of a person) to tremble greatly, esp. from a powerful emotion such as fear or shock.Cf. aspen adj. 1.
ΚΠ
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 14 (MED) He trembliþ as a leef.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) i. xv. f. xj I..tremble as doth a leef vpon a tree.
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. lxiv. f. 206v They two retired alone within a closet, the pore louer trembling like a leafe.
1588 A. Munday tr. C. Colet Famous Hist. Palladine Eng. xxxi. f. 67 Shaking like a leafe on the tree, her cullour went and came very strangelye.
1652 A. Burgess Spiritual Refining x. lxxxvii. 520 The great bold men of the world shall tremble like leaves.
1679 B. Keach Glorious Lover i. iii. 33 They quiver all, and like a Leaf do shake, And dare not stand when I approaches make.
1753 C. Lennox Shakespear Illustr. I. 71 She began to tremble like a Leaf shaken by the Winds.
1796 R. Polwhele Sketches in Verse 17 Tho' others quiver as the leaf; I fear not!
1801 Farther Excursions of Observant Pedestrian IV. 119 I'm sure I used to shake like a leaf for fear.
1867 Maroon's Daughter xli. 133/2 ‘Nothing in the world would tempt me to enter that room again,’ replied the butler, shaking like a leaf.
1900 Argosy Apr. 435 He seemed to lose all control over himself, and to shake with rage like a leaf in the wind.
1933 Evening Tel. & Post (Dundee) 19 Apr. 9/5 ‘He asked me to marry him..the day your engagement was announced.’.. Barbara turned away.., for her frail body was trembling like a leaf.
2011 R. Harris Brighter Dawn xiv. 162 Sharon took refuge in her room.., shaking like a leaf every time she heard footsteps..in case it was a policeman coming to arrest her.
P2. In sense 5.
a. to turn down a (also the, this, etc.) leaf: to fold down the corner of a page in order to mark it; (also figurative) to mark or take note of something in order to return to it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)]
restOE
pause1440
breathe1485
interpausea1535
respett1561
to take pausement1599
intermita1604
to turn down a (also the, this, etc.) leaf1633
interspire1647
suspend1650
stop1711
to hang up1845
the world > action or operation > behaviour > behave, conduct, or bear oneself [verb (intransitive)] > change one's behaviour
to sing another song or a different tune1390
vary1481
to change (turn, alter) one's copy1523
to turn down a leaf1633
tack1637
to sing different1897
snap out of it1918
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform [verb (intransitive)]
risec1175
amenda1275
menda1400
reform1582
reclaim1625
to turn down a leaf1633
to take up1661
repair1748
mend1782
to go straight1888
to straighten up1891
1633 W. Watts Swedish Intelligencer: 3rd & 4th Pts. iv. 143 Pappenheims Armie being thus marcht out of Kalenberg; (at whom let us turne downe a leafe, till wee againe meet them) the Swedish had present notice of it.
a1659 F. Osborne Characters in Wks. (1673) 647 It is time to give over, at least to turn down a Leaf, and refer the Inculcation of this Morality till some fitter time.
1709 T. Chalkley Exhort. to Youth 3 When ever they come to a Passage that affects them, let them not only Turn down that leaf, but let them be sure that it hath place in their Hearts.
1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature II. 179 Thou hast hit, perhaps, upon some melancholy page of life, and turned down the leaf to ruminate on it.
1811 Freemason's Mag. Nov. 124 That was John Bustle's work; for, whenever he reads any thing that he thinks would suit me, he's sure to turn down a leaf.
1882 Harper's Mag. Nov. 927/2 His fingers had lingered here last, and turned down this leaf as his attention was called away.
1936 Catholic Press 23 July 4/2 School books must be cared for, a marker used instead of turning down a leaf.
1999 Stud. Lit. Imagination 32 202 The creases in the paper..might have resulted from readers' turning down the leaf.
b. to turn over a new leaf: to adopt a different (now always a better) course of action, conduct, or behaviour. In early use also †to turn (over) the (next) leaf.
ΚΠ
1535 Ld. Lisle Let. 27 Feb. in Lisle Lett. (1981) (modernized text) II. 410 Doctor Latimer hath turned over the leaf, for..he preached..'knowledging the Pope's authority to be the highest..upon earth.
1580 A. Fleming tr. F. Nausea Bright Burning Beacon iv. sig. D.2 If we haue vnderstanding hartes, let vs relent, & euery one of vs turning ouer a new leafe forget our old lesson.
1601 T. Bluet Important Considerations 42 Let vs al turne ouer the leafe, and take another course.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 200 For every one..to turn over a new leafe in his own History, and amend his own Erratas.
1703 S. Centlivre Love's Contrivance i. 10 I shall make you turn over a new Leaf.
1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. xii. 264 The justice performed his articles from fear; and afterwards turned over a new leaf from remorse.
1829 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 557 The inhabitants are going to turn over a new leaf, and unite cordially with each other.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. ix. 169 I will turn over a new leaf, and write to you about my secret thoughts.
1928 Sunday Disp. 29 July 2/3 ‘That's what I'm doing. Turning over a new leaf—and I'm going to do well’.
1982 Z. Edgell Beka Lamb xxiv. 162 I'm turning over a new leaf, Bill... I'm not expending too much energy anymore cultivating rose bushes.
2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon xiv. 262 Mum says he's turned over a new leaf since then, and he's got this job at the hospital.
c. to take a leaf out of a person's book: see book n. Phrases 2j.

Compounds

C1.
a. Simple attributive, chiefly Botany.
leaf abscission n.
ΚΠ
1910 Science 10 June 908/2 Some familiar cases of leaf abscission.
1968 N.Y. Times 1 Dec. d47 Lilacs growing near heavily traveled streets or in urban areas frequently have leaf rolling with marginal burning, sometimes terminating in early leaf abscission and fall flowering.
2003 W. B. Anderson in Herbaceous Layer Forests Eastern N. Amer. iv. 93 Nutrient availability in deciduous forests can also affect herbaceous species' ability to reabsorb nutrients before leaf abscission.
leaf anatomy n.
ΚΠ
1874 Eng. Mechanic & World of Sci. 8 May 206/1 Here we require a knowledge of comparative leaf anatomy, and some little skill in dissection.
1961 Marshall (Mich.) Evening Chron. 18 Oct. 10 Leaves fall off the trees when cold weather arrives because of a change in the leaf anatomy.
2005 A. Colantuono in Phaethon's Children 237 Titian..has not provided sufficient detail of the leaf anatomy to permit identification of the exact species.
leaf area n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > phyllosphere
leaf surface1843
leaf area1870
phyllosphere1955
phylloplane1965
1870 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 6 351 By lessening the leaf area of the plant, the wonderful action of light upon it in the decomposition of carbonic acid is proportionately diminished.
1966 Proc. 16th Alaska Sci. Conf., 1965 26 (heading) A photoelectric device for measuring leaf area.
2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) xiv. 253/2 This process..is another mechanism for reducing leaf area and transpiration during times of limited water availability.
leaf axil n.
ΚΠ
1853 A. Henfrey Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 49 The secondary sprout from the upper leaf-axil behaves like the primary sprout from the lower.
1956 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 43 282/1 The formation of aerial tubers in the leaf axils of potato stems has been reported.
2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June 46/3 From mid to late summer deep violet-blue trumpet flowers with a yellow throat appear from the leaf axils.
leaf base n.
ΚΠ
1844 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 36 274 On the larch, the leaf-bases are connected with each other by means of threads of cuticle.
1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 158 In many leaves..the leaf base is not specially developed.
2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1208/1 The shoots of the Zingiberales..are supported by sheathing leaf bases that provide much of the stem's rigidity.
leaf biomass n.
ΚΠ
1960 Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 41 93 Measurements of structure and metabolism are reported from a quadrat of red mangroves..: leaf biomass dry weight, 1017 gm/M2.
1987 P. K. R. Nair in Green Manure in Rice Farming (Internat. Rice Res. Inst.) 311 S[esbania]rostrata, S. aculeata, and S. sesban were the most promising in terms of leaf biomass production.
2015 S. Sultan Organism & Environment v. 106/2 Much of the live leaf biomass of the mistletoe plants is deposited as litter every year.
leaf blade n.
ΚΠ
1846 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 8 94 The soil itself seems..to have the property of converting every leaf-blade and stick which falls, into a substance identical with itself.
1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. vi. 122 The leaf blades of perennial or Italian ryegrass are shiny on their lower surfaces but quite dull on the upper.
2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) xii. 221/1 The leaf blades move in such a way that their surfaces remain perpendicular to the sun's direct rays.
leaf cell n.
ΚΠ
1846 H. Mohl in Sci. Mem. 4 91 The chlorophylle granules..were united, in the middle of the cell, into a globular mass which suddenly expanded..and..filled the whole space of the leaf-cell.
1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet vii. 57 In which vein the xylem and phloem fit together, so that the sugars from the leaf cells can be passed into the remainder of the plant.
2003 Org. Gardening Sept. 41/2 (advt.) Flame weeders work by disrupting leaf cell structure.
leaf cuticle n.
ΚΠ
1856 Trans. Microsc. Soc. London 4 10 This [protuberance] is enclosed by a skin or membrane, the origin of the future leaf cuticle.
1974 V. Jensen in Biol. Plant Litter Decomposition I. iii. 73 This damage to the leaf cuticle results in increased permeability of the leaf surface.
2002 Horticulture Nov. 40/2 The woolliness of the whole plant is created by thousands of tiny hairs, developed to protect the leaf cuticle from the searing sun.
leaf discoloration n.
ΚΠ
1880 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener & Home Farmer 14 Oct. 346/1 This attempt to show that it is the action of the mycelium which causes the leaf-discoloration is quite worthless.
1969 S.-H. Ou & C. T. Rivera in Virus Dis. Rice Plant iii. 25 The leaf discoloration varies from shades of yellow in certain varieties to shades of orange in others.
2001 Times (Nexis) 14 Apr. This high-nitrogen formula boosts bushiness and growth, and helps prevent fruit drop, premature ripening and leaf discoloration.
leaf disease n.
ΚΠ
1846 N. Niven Potato Epidemic 9 The seedlings I have had, both of 1845 and 1846, have been equally infected with the leaf disease.
1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. xi. 145 (caption) Bordeaux mixture..controls fungal parasites which would cause leaf diseases.
2003 Farmers Guardian 14 Mar. 23/3 The problem with eyespot is that it is more easily overlooked than leaf diseases.
leaf lamina n. [in quot. 1863 apparently after German Blattlamina (1840 or earlier)]
ΚΠ
1863 Nat. Hist. Rev. 3 580 Specimens..in which one side of the leaf-lamina is entire and but slightly serrate above.
1965 Plant Physiol. 40 493/2 Finely chopped leaf lamina..was chilled and ground with acid washed silica sand.
2007 D. V. Alford Pests Fruit Crops 421/1 The discoloration may extend over a considerable part of the leaf lamina.
leaf lobe n.
ΚΠ
1845 J. C. Frémont Rep. Exploring Exped. 319 Bristle from the extremity of a leaf lobe.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xxv. 529 On the upper surface of the leaf lobes there are a large number of short glandular papillae.
2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1168/2 The axillary bud was a direct outcome of the leaf,..equivalent to two basal and dorsiventral leaf lobes.
leaf margin n.
ΚΠ
1854 S. Thomson Wanderings among Wild Flowers i. 23 Some plants, like the common nettle..have their leaf margins regularly saw-toothed.
1955 N.Y. Times 26 June x45 DDT is quite helpful in controlling leafhoppers, which brown and curl leaf margins in summer.
2009 T. N. Taylor et al. Paleobotany vii. 221/2 Veins often do not end at the leaf margin but bend back to fuse with other veins.
leaf meristem n.
ΚΠ
1904 Minnesota Bot. Stud. 3 279 Superficial cells of the cotyledon and leaf-meristems have been found dividing periclinally.
1968 Weed Control (National Acad. Sci.–National Res. Council) ix. 153 The phenylcarbamates inhibit cell division both in roots and in leaf meristems.
2003 C. Körner Alpine Plant Life (ed. 2) viii. 108 (caption) In most alpine plants, vegetative shoot apices and leaf meristems are buried several centimeters below the ground.
leaf morphology n.
ΚΠ
1866 Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 8 411 Our views of leaf morphology will be placed on a sure and strictly scientific basis.
1959 R. H. Mohlenbrock & J. W. Voigt Flora Southern Illinois 296 Lycopus rubellus... This species is variable with respect to leaf morphology.
2008 Plant Cell 20 2222/2 These plants frequently display aberrant leaf morphologies with large sectors of the leaf blade missing.
leaf mulch n.
ΚΠ
1869 Ohio Farmer 10 July 436/1 I find that this leaf mulch will prevent winter killing.
1957 Ecology 38 536/1 The maximum number of such ants apparently occurs when the topsoil is high in humus and well covered with leaf-mulch.
2014 C. Bramley Ivy Lane iii. 24 On no account did I want to get embroiled in some ardent gardeners' discussion about the merits of manure versus leaf mulch.
leaf petiole n.
ΚΠ
?1788 J. Abercrombie Gen. Syst. Trees & Shrubs 214/1 Field or Corn Rose. A deciduous shrub, five or six feet—the stem and leaf petioles prickly.
1894 Sci. Amer. 15 Sept. 173 The female [saw fly] cuts a slit into the..leaf petiole for the insertion of her eggs.
1968 Cullman (Alabama) Times 26 June 5 You can grow your own new plants [sc. African violets] by using leaf petiole cuttings.
2000 D. A. Levin Origin, Expansion, & Demise Plant Species iii. 44 Young stems and occasionally leaf petioles and mid-ribs develop a corky surface.
leaf point n.
ΚΠ
1839 Metrop. Mag. Dec. 324 Near the stream Where willows dip their leaf-points.
1957 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 4 Aug. 8C To trim plant always cut off just above a leaf point.
2011 NZBusiness Oct. 11/2 The NZRFU..control the particular representation of the fern that appears on the All Black jersey—the specific fern with the connected leaf points on the top.
leaf rib n.
ΚΠ
1821 S. F. Gray Nat. Arrangem. Brit. Plants I. 91 Leaf-rib, nervales. The main rib of the leaves lengthened into twining appendages.
1968 Bull. Cleveland Mus. Art 55 69/1 Every line of leaf, leaf rib, and stalk is subordinated to and complements the fluid outline of the foreground figures.
2015 C. Nardozzi Foodscaping iii. 66 This warm-weather lover has dark green leaves, red leaf ribs, and it's a vining plant.
leaf sap n.
ΚΠ
1858 Indiana Farmer Sept. 179/2 The ceaseless sap motion keeps up a vacuum in the leaf sap for all these gasses.
1955 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 June 1438/1 Nicotine is present in fresh tobacco leaf together with the minor alkaloids as soluble salts in the leaf sap.
2006 D. R. Katerere & J. N. Eloff in Trad. Med. for Mod. Times xi. 213 The leaf sap is used to treat wounds, burns, rashes, and ringworm.
leaf senescence n.
ΚΠ
1940 Progress Rep. from Exper. Stations, Season 1938–9 (Empire Cotton Growing Corporation) 59 Numbers of plants shewing symptoms of premature leaf senescence were kept under observation.
1973 R. Maksymowych Anal. Leaf Devel. ii. xxiii. 99 Many physiological and biochemical changes are associated with leaf senescence.
2004 L. D. Nooden Plant Cell Death Processes x. 158 In the course of leaf senescence, nitrogen (protein) content in the leaf gradually decreases.
leaf shade n. chiefly poetic
ΚΠ
OE Phoenix 205 Þær se wilda fugel..ofer heanne beam hus getimbreð..ond ymbseteð utan in þam leafsceade lic ond feþre on healfa gehware halgum stencum ond þam æþelestum eorþan bledum.
1833 Reviewer 10 Feb. 12/3 The buck to the leaf-shade darts.
1919 F. O'Brien White Shadows South Seas 99 Squatting dusky figures in flickering sunlit leaf-shade.
2002 C. Day Spirit & Place ii. 74 Carefully chosen plant species can give leaf shade.
leaf shadow n. poetic
ΚΠ
1839 H. W. Longfellow Hyperion II. iv. v. 168 Down the cool green glades..in the glimmering fretwork of sunshine and leaf-shadow,—an exhilarating walk!
1942 Poetry 60 64 The leaf shadow shifts where there are no walls, And through an arch the city shines in the sun.
2013 C. Goodman Dark Possession 24 I pictured a soft bed of emerald-green moss and wild heather, dappled with leaf shadow and sunlight.
leaf shoot n.
ΚΠ
1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xv. ii. 409 In vine-shoots three or four successive generations of leaf-shoots must exist, before the new shoot can attain sufficient maturity to form a flower.
1911 Irish Naturalist 20 212 13 months and 6 days after the sowing of the seed, the first leaf-shoot appeared above ground.
2013 D. Mansfield Beautiful Nate i. 3 Green tulip bulbs were quietly sending leaf shoots on their way through the thawing earth.
leaf stalk n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > petiole or leaf-stalk > [noun]
footstalk1562
leaf stalka1671
petiolus1707
petiole1753
petiolule1792
subpetiole1827
stalklet1835
phyllodium1840
phyllode1848
a1671 F. Drope Short & Sure Guid Fruit-trees (1672) 78 You may stick the point of the penknife somewhat beneath the side of the bud,..as well as if it had a leaf-stalk thereon.
1776 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Veg. Great Brit. II. Gloss. 799 Leafstalk, the foot-stalk of a leaf.
1895 Daily News 27 Dec. 7/1 Both evergreens and deciduous plants are subject to this process of separation at the bottom of the leaf stalk.
1970 E. T. Robertson & E. G. B. Gooding Bot. for Caribbean (ed. 2) iii. 27 The petiole or leaf-stalk varies somewhat in length and shape.
2003 Amateur Gardening 24 May 12/3 A method of increasing African violets (Saintpaulia) and gloxinias is to induce roots from the leaf-stalks.
leaf stem n.
ΚΠ
1759 A. Brice Grand Gazetteer 663/1 The Leaf Stem is abt. 1 Inch lo. with a Knot at the Place where it touches the Bark.
1866 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 14 Mar. When the sap is all dried out of the leaf stem, the tobacco is cured.
1942 W. M. Harlow Trees Eastern & Central U.S. & Canada (1957) 114 The leaves have seven to nine fragrant leaflets densely hairy underneath and along the main leaf stem.
2010 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 277 1382/1 Most larvae obtained by crows are ‘fished’ out with sticks or leaf stems.
leaf substance n.
ΚΠ
1827 Amer. Farmer 10 Aug. 163/1 I have heard..a great many say, that a yellow, thin, hickory leaf substance was very much in demand.
1932 A. C. Seward Plants vi. 50 Lateral branches..are further subdivided into still more slender threads penetrating through almost the whole of the leaf substance.
2014 N. Enteria & A. Abarzadeh Solar Energy Sci. & Engin. Applic. ii. 86 The considered substances in the system..are gaseous CO2, O2, H2O (assumed to be ideal), liquid water and the leaf substance (biomass).
leaf tip n.
ΚΠ
1822 London Mag. Apr. 57/1 The leaf-tips of the tulip are now apparent.
1938 Bot. Rev. 4 188 The distinctive chlorosis..is characterized by a loss of green color of the lower leaves of the plant beginning at the leaf tip.
2014 M. Turner & E. Kuhlmann Trees & Shrubs Pacific Northwest 138 White alder... Leaves deciduous, alternate, oval to diamond-shaped, 1.5-3 in. long,..leaf tips rounded.
leaf tissue n.
ΚΠ
1841 Eclectic Rev. Mar. 284 The stalk end of the leaf is placed in soil, and covered with a bell glass partly shaded, to give it enough solar light to excite the functions of the leaf-tissues.
1959 A. W. Galston in R. B. Withrow Photoperiodism 155 The inhibitor is most concentrated in young buds, young stem and young leaf tissue.
2015 Environmental Sci. & Pollution Res. Internat. 22 3938/2 Fresh leaf tissue (0.1 g) was homogenized with 5 ml of cold potassium phosphate buffer.
leaf vein n.
ΚΠ
1841 Monthly Chron. 7 325 Their black tarnished upper and their dazzling white under surface, form splendid back-ground to a blood-red leaf-stalk and three red leaf-veins.
1959 A. Beaumont Dis. Farm Crops iv. 58 A decay in the cell walls of the phloem of the stalks and leaf veins..is known as phloem necrosis.
2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 105/2 The yellow leaf veins give the plant an autumnal appearance.
leaf venation n.
ΚΠ
1854 Athenæum 14 Oct. 1245/1 (heading) Some further observations on the correspondence between the leaf-venation and ramification of the plant.
1956 Bot. Rev. 22 269 Increase in volume of leaf venation may result in greater water availability because of lowered friction.
2010 M. G. Simpson Plant Systematics iv. 100/2 Leaf venation can be valuable in fern classification and identification.
leaf wrapping n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > dish wrapped in leaves > leaf for wrapping
leaf wrapping1852
1852 S. Thomson Dict. Domest. Med. 147/2 If well preserved from the air by means of oiled silk, or metallic leaf wrapping..it will keep its efficiency far longer.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring ii. viii. 386 The cakes will keep sweet..if they are..left in their leaf-wrappings.
2015 Straits Times (Singapore) 1 Mar. Examples of confinements include leaf wrappings, as for rice dumplings.
b. Objective with agent nouns and participles. See also leaf miner n., leaf-mining adj. at Compounds 2; leaf-cutter n.; leaf-cutting adj.
leaf-boring adj.
ΚΠ
1868 Pop. Sci. Rev. 7 78 Leaf-boring Larvæ.
1967 A. Yunus & G. H. L. Rothschild in Major Insect Pests Rice Plant (Internat. Rice Res. Inst.) viii. xxxiii. 630 (table) Hydrellia sp. Ephydridae. Leaf-boring maggot.
2009 D. A. Russell Islands in Cosmos xiii. 198 Leaf-boring and leaf-eating insects began to compete with herbivorous dinosaurs in harvesting leaves.
leaf-eater n.
ΚΠ
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature xii. 138 Leaf Eaters are for the most part Butterflies.
1849 C. Knight Hist. Mammalia III. 164 The Edentata resolve themselves into two great sections, namely, Leaf-eaters, and Insect or Flesh eaters.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 15/4 The leaf eaters can be reached only through their stomachs.
2014 A. Roberts Incredible Unlikeliness of Being 222 Apes tend to be fruit-eaters, and as such have smaller guts than leaf-eaters.
leaf-eating adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [adjective] > herbivorous > leaf-eating
leaf-eatinga1802
leaf feeding1838
phyllophagous1851
a1802 E. Darwin Temple of Nature (1803) Addit. Notes 36 The wonderful transformations of leaf-eating caterpillars into honey-eating moths and butterflies.
1934 Soda Springs (Idaho) Sun 18 Jan. 3/6 One of the chief pests of Porto Rico is a large leaf-eating weevil known locally as the ‘vaquita’.
2009 J. A. Coyne Why Evol. is True iii. 65 Our appendix is simply the remnant of an organ that was critically important to our leaf-eating ancestors.
leaf-forming adj.
ΚΠ
1853 A. Henfrey Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 308 In the Ferns..the advance to the leaf-forming stem depends upon the impregnation.
1921 W. A. Cannon Plant Habits & Habitats 93 In certain species of Acacia..the leaf-forming habit has been lost.
2013 S. Barry Cooper & J. van Leeuwen Alan Turing iv. 738 The leaf-forming zone has the geometry of a ring.
c. Instrumental.
(a) With past participles. Chiefly poetic.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately at Compounds 1c(b).
ΚΠ
1789 G. White Naturalist's Summer-Evening Walk in Nat. Hist. Selborne 69 To yonder bench leaf-shelter'd let us stray.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 136 The emerald light of leaf-entangled beams.
1845 E. Cook Poems 2nd Ser. 187 The leaf-shadow'd thicket.
1863 H. W. Longfellow Poet's Tale xvi, in Tales Wayside Inn 196 The dim, leaf-latticed windows of the grove.
1869 J. R. Lowell Under Willows 52 Our leaf-hid Sybaris.
1891 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 125 And no one any leaf-crowned dancer miss.
1921 W. de la Mare Veil & Other Poems 7 The listening, leaf-hung creek.
1994 L. A. Graf Traitor Winds iii. 40 The door on the far side of the leaf-dappled courtyard had been pushed slightly ajar.
(b)
leaf-covered adj.
ΚΠ
1813 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1811 4 p. xc There were forms of enchantment that floated around Mid the golden-hued groves on the leaf-covered ground.
1957 Ecology 38 450/1 The ground is neither too moist and leaf-covered nor too dry.
2010 N.Y. Times 18 Mar. f10/2 Mr. Redman ducked through a leaf-covered door in the Cascade Garden.
leaf-filled adj.
ΚΠ
1880 Nassau Lit. Mag. Jan. 254/ The riches of the leaf-filled fountain, and the pumpings from the muddy river are alike devoid of original character when put through a..lead pipe.
1936 Prairie Schooner 10 291 Among the frosty weeds Leaf-filled and blind, Followed by no one now The small paths wind.
2001 Guardian 20 Sept. 4/2 The Taliban authorities refilled the previously empty and leaf-filled swimming pool.
leaf-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1831 C. Whitehead Solitary i. xix. 18 At the foot of some old tree, whose boughs Leaf-laden, bent, their soften'd shadows wed In the clear water.
1938 Washington Post 4 Sept. r7/3 The great majority of garden favorites thrive in a leaf-laden soil.
2014 S. F. Kingsmill Dying for Murder vii. 66 I finally had to drive one-handed down the leaf-laden track.
leaf-lined adj.
ΚΠ
a1772 J. Graeme Poems Several Occasions (1773) 121 The gods who do look thro' this leaf-lined bow'r Can bear witness how truly I'm blest.
1895 Outing 26 394/2 I filled one of our leaf-lined pails with berries.
1970 I. Goldman Anc. Polynesian Society vii. 125 The fermented breadfruit mash (poipoi) stored well in leaf-lined pits.
2007 M. R. Conover Predator-Prey Dynamics xi. 163 An egg inside a leaf-lined nest would have less of its surface area exposed to the air.
leaf-roofed adj.
ΚΠ
1797 Knights; or, Sketches Heroic Age III. xxxvi. 123 He was welcomed to the leaf-roofed cabins with all the rough, yet cordial hospitality of secluded life.
1844 J. Tomlin Missionary Jrnls. v. 120 The capital of Siam is a large, but not very magnificent city..consisting mainly of leaf-roofed wooden cottages.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 10 Sept. 2/3 The much-loved birds in their leaf-roofed halls Will herald my morning in.
2012 C. Campbell Broken Wks. Best 11 Rickety, leaf-roofed homes, built on log stilts to let the flood waters..run underneath to the river below.
leaf-shaded adj.
ΚΠ
1819 Kilmarnock Mirror & Lit. Gleaner Apr. 285 In the green leaf-shaded bow'r We spen' the harmless hour.
1955 N.Y. Times 4 July 24/3 Leaf-shaded walks within the city were uncrowded.
2006 S. Oden Memnon xi. 195 Cool spring water chuckled over moss-covered stones, splashing into leaf-shaded pools and fountains.
leaf-strewn adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective]
in (full) leafOE
leavedc1300
leavy?1440
leafya1522
leavish1530
leafed1552
fronded1640
folious1658
foliaceous1676
frondent1677
furnished1712
foliose1727
leaf-strewn1730
foliaged1816
foliiferous1828
frondous1828
frondiparous1866
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 170 These now the lonesome muse..lead into their leaf-strown walks.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xlviii. 277 She..passed through the hollies into the leaf-strewn path.
1979 Washington Post 7 Sept. b1/2 The sprawled hulks and leaf-strewn streets..occasioned moments of elegiacal reflection.
2014 D. A. Smith Forty Acres vii. 20 Martin wheeled his Volvo into his leaf-strewn driveway.
leaf-wrapped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [adjective] > wrapped in leaves
leaf-wrapped1776
1776 E. Darwin in F. N. C. Mundy Needwood Forest 46 Stately oak, thy leaf-wrapp'd head sublime.
1880 Harper's Mag. June 72 How often have I seen its tender leaf-wrapped buds lifting the matted leaves.
1972 K. Lo Chinese Food i. 59 Lotus Leaf-wrapped Rice is a popular snack everywhere.
2013 Silverkris (Singapore Airlines) Aug. 18/2 Tuck into dished like its leaf-wrapped bundles of seasoned fish.
d.
(a) Similative, as leaf-dark, leaf-dry, leaf-eyed, etc.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately at Compounds 1d(b).
ΚΠ
1936 E. Sitwell Victoria of Eng. xix. 227 Their leaf-dark hair smoothed into the Chinese style.
1946 W. de la Mare Traveller 20 He caught but leaf-dry whisper of what they said.
1971 B. Patten Irrelevant Song 51 Into myth she faded, Leaf-eyed.
2001 A. M. Jones Last Year's River (2002) i. 5 The passing of the dark, leaf-dry prairie has come to match..the hitching clack of the train.
(b)
leaf-light adj.
ΚΠ
1839 Athenæum 4 May 332/1 With leaf-light step upon the frosted dews, Wanders that Queen of Song the poet woos.
c1879 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 82 Low-latched in leaf-light housel his too huge godhead.
1921 V. Woolf Monday or Tuesday 37 Flaunted, leaf-light, drifting at corners, blown across the wheels.
2000 C. Starnino Credo 41 Each word is a solid thing.., like a flat stone, leaf-light, skipping across the water.
† leaf-pointed adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1850 Bot. Gaz. 2 130 The sepals are sometimes leaf-pointed.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 111 Rubus fruticosus..Sepals ascending often leaf-pointed.
1922 L. Cook Van Derveer Any-day Entertainments 72 Above..rise the heads of the sunflowers, faces framed in yellow crêpe-paper petals; green leaf-pointed collars beneath.
leaf-thin adj.
ΚΠ
1936 Prairie Schooner 10 314 The leaf-thin edge, From the thorn-sharp point Of the stone of flying death.
2010 M. Ahsworth Spellbound 31 Just before setting off Simekra sharpened her longsword to make sure it was leaf-thin.
e. Parasynthetic.
leaf-patterned adj.
ΚΠ
1863 A. D. T. Whitney Faith Gartney's Girlhood 252 The..pale green, leaf-patterned chintz of sofa, chairs, and hangings, gave a feeling of the last degree of summer lightness.
1989 V. Glendinning Grown-Ups ii. 24 Clara sat on the edge of a leaf-patterned settee.
2007 Metro (Toronto) 18 Apr. 19/1 Things like..leaf-patterned lighting features.
C2. Special combinations.
leaf angle n. Botany the angle between a leaf petiole and the stem of a plant; (also) the angle of a leaf's surface in relation to the sun.
ΚΠ
1860 H. Coultas What may be learned from Tree v. 86 Vitally active buds are produced..only in the leaf-angles of the upper and more powerfully developed part of the year's shoot.
1894 Bot. Gaz. 19 219 The curve seems to indicate a slight decline in the petiole during the middle of the day, but on account of the difficulty experienced in reading the leaf angles to fractions of a degree, I do not feel safe in giving this as a final conclusion.
1946 N.Y. Times 10 Nov. x. 21 Dainty pink flowers borne in clusters at the ends of the branches and at the leaf angles from June to August.
2008 Oecologia 157 3/1 Leaf angles of 20 leaves randomly distributed over the tree's crown were measured for six individuals per species.
leaf apex n. Botany the tip of a leaf blade.
ΚΠ
1869 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 159 477 Two fragments, one a leaf apex, the other part of a leaf nearer to the base.
1964 Plant Physiol. 39 604/2 At the lowest level of iron supply the leaf apices became totally bleached.
2012 P. W. Bosland & E. J. Votava Peppers iii. 44 The leaf apex is usually acuminate but can be acute or obtuse.
leaf arrowhead n. an arrowhead shaped like a leaf, esp. a small, flat, bifacially worked flint arrowhead of the Neolithic period in Europe (cf. leaf-shaped adj.).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > head of arrow > prehistoric arrow-head
elf-arrow1590
arrowhead?1661
fairy dart1782
fairy stone1791
flint-head1796
projectile point1847
leaf arrowhead1878
fairy arrow1903
1878 Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Field Club 2 99 Figures 1 and 2 represent what are called leaf arrow heads, both from their thinness.
1949 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 15 127 A flint assemblage including petit-tranchet derivative arrowheads and one leaf-arrowhead.
2006 G. Noble Neolithic Scotl. 213 Finds in this area include a pitchstone leaf arrowhead, microliths and Earlier Neolithic pottery.
leaf-bearing adj. (a) (of a plant or part) bearing leaves; (b) designating polychaete worms of the order Phyllodocida, which have a pair of leaf-like parapodia on each segment.
ΚΠ
1727 S. Hales Veg. Staticks iv. 142 Every one of the remaining ringlets of bark had a leaf bearing bud.
1869 Student & Intellect. Observer 3 264 The Phyllodoces, or leaf-bearing worms, form..a portion of the great family of Nereids.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 131 Leaves and Leaf-bearing Axes.
1913 F. M. Duncan Cassell's Nat. Hist. v. 85 The Leaf-bearing Worms are swift in their movements and very graceful swimmers.
2013 C. Turner Leap ii. 67 The subject is a living, leaf-bearing, photosynthesizing tree.
† leaf-beaten adj. Obsolete (of a metal) beaten to a thin plate or foil.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten into thin sheet or foil
beatena1350
beatc1400
foliate1626
leaf-beaten1648
foliated1666
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Klater-goudt,..leafe-beaten gold.
leaf bed n. a layer or bed of leaves or leaf debris; (Geology) a stratum of fossilized leaf remains.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > organic remains or fossils
moorlog1655
coal plant1695
leaf bed1697
plant bed1784
oyster bed1833
stem-bed1853
forest-bed1861
starfish bed1861
fish-bed1869
insect-bed1893
lagerstätte1972
1697 L. Meager New Art of Gardening 100 You may raise them [sc. Colliflowers] on your Leaf Beds in the Spring.
1824 Trans. Hort. Soc. London 5 225 The perpetual ingress of warm air, even without an internal leaf bed, will prove sufficient to preserve Pine Apple plants.
1850 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 49 351 The following horizontal beds:..2. A thin laminated stratum containing fossil leaves; 3. Volcanic ashes; 4. A second leaf-bed.
1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles x. 295 ‘Leaf bed’ with no large vegetable remains, 3–4 ft. thick.
2005 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 30 Sept. su27 The larvae are beneficial because they help decompose organic matter in the leaf beds where they live.
leaf beet n. Horticulture any of several cultivars of beet grown for their leaves, esp. Swiss chard or spinach beet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > beet > beet plants
sea-beet1713
scarcity1787
leaf beet1830
Swiss chard1832
spinach beet1842
sea-kale beet1882
wurzel1888
1830 Gardener's Mag. 6 112 Fruits: Green-fleshed Melon, eleven sorts of Apples, thirteen sorts of Pears,..also Five sorts of Leaf Beet.
1890 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 12 97 Of these Leaf Beets..the Chilian is a very ornamental plant... The Green, or Spinach Beet is quite a different plant.
1931 A. E. Housman Let. 12 Jan. (2007) II. 231 Blette..in English is Leaf-beet, Seakale-beet, Swiss-chard-beet, in Botany Beta Cicla.
2007 A. Bridgewater & G. Bridgewater Self-sufficiency Handbk. 118/2 You can crop leaf beet right through the year.
leaf beetle n. a plant-eating beetle; spec. any of the numerous beetles constituting the family Chrysomelidae, which typically have an oval domed body and are frequently brightly coloured; a chrysomelid. Frequently with distinguishing word, which is often the name of the typical host plant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Phytophaga or Chrysomeloidea > family Chrysomelidae > member of
plant beetle1817
leaf beetle1841
chrysomelid1871
1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 95 The leaf-beetles are generally distinguished by the want of a snout, [and] by their short legs and broad cushioned feet.
1894 Amer. Naturalist 48 426 Grasshoppers, cutworms and certain leaf-beetles are thus moderately specialized plant-eaters.
1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xv. 362 The alder leaf beetle, Calligrapha scalaris , is a common species on alder, willow, and linden.
2003 Independent 20 Jan. 5/1 The first colony of rosemary leaf beetle was spotted in the garden of the Shell building opposite the Eurostar terminal.
leafbird n. any of several songbirds constituting the genus Chloropsis of South and South-East Asia, having predominantly bright green plumage and a black bill, with (in the male) a black or blue face and throat.Leafbirds have usually been grouped with the fairy bluebirds but are now often assigned to their own family, Chloropseidae. [After scientific Latin Phyllornis, former genus name (1830 or earlier; < phyllo- phyllo- comb. form +ancient Greek ὄρνις bird: see ornis n.) and its model Malay burung daun (1822 or earlier; < burung bird + daun leaf). Compare Dutch bladvogel (1857; after scientific Latin and Malay).]
ΚΠ
a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXIII. 337/2 Phyllornis, Leaf Bird.
1906 W. R. Ogilvie-Grant in Fasciculi Malayenses: Zool. III. 88 Chloropsis cyanopogon,..With other species of a general green colour it shares the Malay name of Burong daun (Leaf-bird).
2013 S. Pritchard-Jones & B. Gibbons Annapurna 23/1 The blue pine forest is a habitat of the very vocal spotted nutcracker, while orange-bellied leafbirds prefer the upper canopies.
leaf birth n. [after childbirth n.] the emergence of a leaf or leaves; = leafing n. 1.
ΚΠ
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Eclogues iii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 18 Now each meadow is teeming, in leafbirth every tree [L. omnis parturit arbos].
1986 Amer. Naturalist 127 562 Leaf birth being defined as the point at which a leaf had completely unfolded to its horizontal position.
2007 Ecology 88 1861 The date of leaf death and the date of leaf birth.
leaf-bladed adj. having a blade shaped like a leaf (chiefly with reference to bladed weapons).
ΚΠ
1864 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1861–4 8 293 From the venerable William Thomson.., moulds and casts of the gold handle of a bronze leaf-bladed sword.
1928 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 3 639 A long shallow craft with..leaf-bladed oars, and amidships an arch to support a mat awning.
2013 A. Tchaikovsky War Master's Gate xxxvi. 547 In one hand was his shield, in the other his leaf-bladed Khanaphir sword. This was Amnon prepared to do battle.
leaf blight n. any of several plant diseases causing the discoloration or death of foliage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > characterized by part affected or appearance produced
jaundice1600
black rot1769
root rot1831
leaf blight1849
leaf curl1850
black heart1862
icterus1866
albication1877
footrot1883
curl-leaf1886
silver top1890
stem-sickness1890
sleeping disease1899
mosaic1900
leaf mosaic1902
scorch1906
blotch1909
little leaf1911
ringspot1913
crinkle1920
vein banding1928
1849 J. J. Thomas Amer. Fruit Culturist ii. ii. 194 The leaf-blight is the most serious evil met with in the cultivation of pear seedlings.
1926 F. D. Heald Man. Plant Dis. xxii. 585 The leaf attacks [of Physalospora cydoniæ] are referred to as leaf spot, leaf blight, brown spot and frog eye.
2003 Independent 5 June i. 19/3 The commercially grown maize carried a gene which rendered it susceptible to a disease called southern leaf blight.
leaf blister n. a disease of trees and shrubs characterized by dark blisters on the foliage: (a) any of several conditions due to arthropod infestation, esp. one of fruit trees caused by microscopic gall mites of the genus Eriophyes; (b) any of several diseases caused by ascomycete fungi of the genus Taphrina.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > caused by insects > associated with crop or food plants
cockle1777
ear cockle1777
raddleman1798
purple1807
yellows1808
sedging1820
gout1828
sedge-root1837
leaf blister1858
tulip-root1875
root-knot1888
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants
leaf curl1850
fly-speck1855
vine-mildew1855
vine-fungus1857
leaf blister1858
blister1864
peach-blister1866
charbon1882
crown rot1888
melanose1888
plum pocket1888
peach leaf curl1890
brown rot1894
mummy1902
sooty blotch1909
rhubarb disease1911
spur blight1915
red core1936
sclerotinia1950
Sigatoka1958
1845 J. O. Westwood Arcana Entomologica I. 29 Various species of insects which attack fruit trees; such as the American blight, the pear-leaf blister moth, &c.]
1858 Horticulturist Dec. 576 The yellows, borer, and leaf blister on the peach—any means by which a moderate but certain continuation of crops can be secured, will demand attention.
1914 F. C. Sears Productive Orcharding xi. 159 Leaf Blister Mite.—Another pest which is frequently troublesome on both pears and apples is the blister mite.
1960 C. Westcott Plant Dis. Handbk. (ed. 2) 194 A single genus, Taphrina, is responsible for most of the hyperplastic (over-growth) deformities known as leaf blister, leaf curl, or, occasionally, as pockets.
2013 D. L. Grebner et al. Introd. Forestry & Nat. Resources xiv. 349/2 A common fungal-based foliar disease on oaks is leaf blister.
leaf blotch n. any of several plant diseases characterized by discoloured patches on the foliage; esp. = black spot n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > various diseases
footrot1706
botrytis1751
leaf spot1846
winter rot1857
leaf blotch1860
downy mildew1886
sun scald1896
Septoria1897
spike-disease1906
fusarium rot1907
hadromycosis1916
verticillium wilt1916
wilt1916
die-off1918
rhynchosporium1918
shoestring rot1931
vascular wilt (disease)1946
1860 Florist, Fruitist, & Garden Misc. Nov. 328 This is all that I can discover from books about orange mildew and leaf blotch.
1928 Daily Express 7 July 4/2 See that none of your favourites [sc. roses] is attacked by leaf blotch.
2012 Oxf. Compan. Beer 656/2 It [sc. Pipkin barley] was also superior in its resistance to powdery mildew.., and leaf blotch.
leaf blower n. a machine used to blow fallen leaves and other waste matter into piles for disposal.
ΚΠ
1957 Salt Lake Tribune 26 Nov. 1/1 Mr Phillips..has developed a portable, electric leaf blower.
1962 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 26 Apr. For some reason, a lot of householders did not get all their leaves raked up last fall, when the city's leaf-blower was in operation.
2005 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 7 Aug. 12/2 About 20 Californian cities have banned leaf blowers. They are declared a public nuisance in Hollywood.
leaf brass n. brass foil.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > brass > in specific form
leaf brass1685
1685 tr. N. Lémery Mod. Curiosities of Art & Nature ii. ix. 296 Take thin Leaf Brass [Fr. du lotton en fueille], such as they make Tags with.
1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 90 The Rosin, while warm, would attract Leaf-Brass.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 153 This article is likewise called Leaf Brass, from..the ingredients of which it is made being the same as those employed in the manufacture of Brass.
1921 Metal Industry Sept. 367/1 Light articles of cast brass, lacquered or polished; leaf brass, leaf metal and tombac articles.
2004 R. Chesneau King George V Class Battleships 36/1 The 1/200 scale model..with superstructure components, weapons and fittings in a variety of materials, including metals, plastics and leaf brass.
leaf bridge n. a bridge which has a leaf or leaves (sense 7c) on hinges.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > lifting-bridge
leaf bridge1838
lift-bridge1850
lifting-bridge1851
hoisting-bridge1860–4
hoist-bridge1875
bascule-bridge1884
rolling lift bridge1894
1838 Hull Packet 23 Feb. The new one will be a leaf bridge, opening in the centre.
2010 Sun Jrnl. (N. Carolina) (Nexis) 23 Mar. Transportation Secretary Gene Conti said the bascule leaf bridge ‘is vitally important to New Bern's economy’.
leaf brown n. a brown colour like that of dead or faded leaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown > dead leaf colour
filemotc1640
leaf brown1869
1869 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 14 May An Havana brown is edged with satin pipings of dark leaf-brown.
1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xx. 444 Patches of Confederate grey weathered leafbrown now.
2006 Quilter's Newslet. Mag. Apr. 32/1 Is it the off-shades, the dull golds, leaf browns..or mustard yellows?
leaf bud n. a plant bud from which leaves are produced.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [noun] > leaf-bud
gem1382
leaf bud1658
oculus1728
gemma1770
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 33 Cut your branches alwayes slanting, behind a Leaf-bud. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.]
1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) 74 The usual, or normal, situation of leaf-buds is in the axil of leaves.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 8/1 The lilac and elder-bushes..are beginning to unfold their leaf-buds.
2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 18 Mar. a3/4 As spring gets going, the leaf buds unfurl and they get that wonderful luminous, limey green.
leaf bug n. [originally after German Blattwanze (mid 18th cent. or earlier)] any of numerous heteropteran bugs constituting the family Miridae; more widely (chiefly U.S.) any insect that frequents leaves.
ΚΠ
1864 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XVI. 284 Cimicic Acid..Occurrence. In the grey leaf-bug [Ger. Blattwanze].
1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xii. 213 Family Miridae (Capsidae). These insects are usually known as the leaf-bugs.
2014 J. Balch Tomas of Terra 400 The two Leaf Bugs clung on for dear life.
leaf bundle n. Botany = leaf trace n.
ΚΠ
1841 Gardener's Mag. 17 153 Cut leaves of the mimosas and zamias,..and leaf-bundles of Pinus excelsa, &c, form a callus in a short time.
1902 A. G. Tansley in Encycl. Brit. XXV. 413/1 Such a leaf-bundle contains parts of all the tissues of the stele, and is hence called a meristele.
2006 A. C. Wiedenhoeft Plant Nutrition iv. 45 The xylem and phloem of the leaf bundles serve the same functions as in the stem.
leaf burn n. browning or yellowing of leaf tissue, esp. at the leaf tip, caused by a variety of environmental factors.
ΚΠ
1895 Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 96 387 Lettuce which is kept too warm grows too tall..and there is generally more danger of injury from aphis, rot and leaf-burn.
1976 R. J. Weaver Grape Growing 156 When there is an excessive uptake of sodium, leaf burn may occur.
2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June 72/2 I chose a site that received morning sunshine and bright, indirect light in the afternoon, minimising the risk of leaf burn.
leaf butterfly n. any of various nymphalid butterflies of Kallima, Junonia, and related genera, which are found chiefly in Asia and Africa and resemble a dead leaf when settled with the wings closed.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > miscellaneous types
white1766
rocket1832
leaf butterfly1838
morpho1853
owl butterfly1881
map butterfly1894
1796 R. H. tr. G. C. Raff Syst. Nat. Hist. (Edinb. ed.) I. 174 The dead-leaf-butterfly, which resembles a parcel of dried leaves upon trees.]
1838 Lit. Gaz. 13 Oct. 643/2 When closely pursued, the leaf-butterfly will seldom fail to escape.
1928 Pop. Sci. July 27/3 There is a leaf butterfly [in Africa] which plays a similar joke on people.
2010 Nature 14 Jan. 161/1 The closed wings of the Indian leaf butterfly..look like foliage to dissuade birds from eating it.
leaf canopy n. the almost continuous layer of foliage formed by leaves on the uppermost branches of the trees in a forest or wooded area.
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1837 Universalist & Ladies Repository July 42/2 Stealing down through the leaf-canopies, and lying in flakes of silver upon the pavement.
1980 M. Shoard Theft of Countryside vi. xix. 210 The wood is colonised by a succession of plant species quite different from those that grow under a close leaf canopy.
2000 Guardian 28 Oct. (Money section) 21/2 Insurers can employ the expertise of an arboriculturalist, who makes calculations involving the leaf canopy and roots.
leaf-carved adj. carved with a pattern or motif of leaves.
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1836 New Sporting Mag. June 117 High on a leaf-carved ancient oaken chair, The Norman Baron sat within his hall.
1970 W. B. Stephens et al. in W. B. Stephens Hist. Congleton vi. 231 A small circular window with ogee moulding resting on leaf-carved corbels above it.
2000 Burlington Mag. June 347/1 The stretcher is formed as four extended scrolls, leaf-carved on their top edges.
leaf cast n. any of various plant diseases characterized by the dropping of foliage; esp. = larch needle cast n. at larch n. Compounds 2.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with trees
heart rot1808
white rot1828
sap-rot1838
red rot1847
conk1851
soft rot1886
pine blister1889
silver-leaf1890
leaf shedding1891
pine rust1893
leaf cast1894
partridge-wood1894
larch blister1895
needle-cast1895
sooty mould1901
white pine blister rust1909
larch needle cast1921
coral-spot1923
ink disease1923
pocket rot1926
wood rot1926
Dutch elm disease1927
oak wilt1942
ash dieback1957
1894 W. Somerville & H. M. Ward tr. R. Hartig Text-bk. Dis. Trees i. 111 Under the name ‘Pine-blight’ (leaf-cast or shedding) the most various diseases have been included.
1952 E. Ramsden tr. E. Gram & H. Weber Plant Dis. iv. 482/1 Leaf cast is the worst disease of young larch trees.
2001 R. K. Horst Westcott's Plant Dis. Handbk. (ed. 6) iii. 145 Hyponectria buxi. Leaf blight, leaf cast of boxwood.
leaf climber n. a climbing plant that uses the petioles of its leaves for support.
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1864 C. Darwin Let. 27 Jan. in Corr. (2001) XII. 32 During the winter the persistent leaf-stalks of Traveller's joy look like tendrils. Such plants may be called leaf climbers.
1917 D. W. Thompson On Growth & Form xiii. 626 The coiling petiole of the leaf-climber tends to run transversely to the axis of its support.
2001 L. Langley Distant Music i. 84 There had been palms here then, of one kind and another, and leaf climbers with long, thin stems.
† leaf-climbing adj. Obsolete (of a plant) that is a leaf climber.
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1864 C. Darwin Let. 27 Jan. in Corr. (2001) XII. 32 Do you by any chance know whether there is a leaf climbing Leguminous plant?
1880 F. Darwin in Pop. Sci. Rev. No. XV. 219 If a leaf of a Clematis succeed by any means in hooking on to a neighbouring object, the special characteristic of leaf-climbing plants comes into play.
1905 Trans. Texas Acad. Sci. 7 94 Contact irritation..plays the chief role in the often very marked thickening of the petioles of leaf climbing plants.
leaf crumpler n. a North American pyralid moth, Acrobasis indiginella, the larvae of which shelter inside tubes that they spin on the host apple tree.
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1869 Amer. Entomologist Jan. 99/2 The little brown worms, enclosed in a horn-like case, and found surrounded by crumpled leaves on apple twigs, are the larvæ of the Rascal Leaf-crumpler.
1922 A. L. Quaintance & E. H. Siegler More Important Apple Insects 49 (caption) Case in which apple leaf-crumpler caterpillar passes the winter.
2010 C. Eiseman & N. Charney Tracks & Sign of Insects xi. 369 Leaf crumplers..are leaf tiers that live in conical, curved and twisted tubes of silk and droppings.
leaf curl n. any of several plant diseases characterized by curling leaves; esp. a fungal disease of peach trees and related plants cause by the ascomycete Taphrina deformans; potato leafroll; and a viral disease of cotton.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > characterized by part affected or appearance produced
jaundice1600
black rot1769
root rot1831
leaf blight1849
leaf curl1850
black heart1862
icterus1866
albication1877
footrot1883
curl-leaf1886
silver top1890
stem-sickness1890
sleeping disease1899
mosaic1900
leaf mosaic1902
scorch1906
blotch1909
little leaf1911
ringspot1913
crinkle1920
vein banding1928
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants
yellow rust1808
leaf curl1850
peach yellows1880
tobacco mosaic virus1914
cucumber mosaic1916
reversion1918
plum pox1933
bushy stunt1936
swollen shoot1936
tobacco streak1936
sharka1961
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants
leaf curl1850
fly-speck1855
vine-mildew1855
vine-fungus1857
leaf blister1858
blister1864
peach-blister1866
charbon1882
crown rot1888
melanose1888
plum pocket1888
peach leaf curl1890
brown rot1894
mummy1902
sooty blotch1909
rhubarb disease1911
spur blight1915
red core1936
sclerotinia1950
Sigatoka1958
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants > potatoes
curl1790
leaf curl1850
leafroll1859
aucuba mosaic1922
rugose mosaic1923
1850 Western Hort. Rev. Oct. 53/1 There has been considerable discussion upon the peach leaf curl by writers on the subject of fruit trees.
1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 323 The well-known disease of the foliage of potatoes known as ‘leaf curl’ attacks the stem..and gradually creeps up.
1926 W. H. Johnson Cotton viii. 259 Upland cotton appeared to be less affected by a peculiar leaf-curl disease.
1967 Punch 18 Jan. 96/3 It [sc. Burgundy mixture] is a good fungicide to use on leafless trees and bushes, particularly against leafcurl in the peach family.
2009 J. Karlik et al. Healthy Roses (ed. 2) 29 These diseases include rose ring pattern, rose spring dwarf (RSD), and rose leaf curl.
leaf cycle n. Botany (a) the life cycle of a leaf; the cycle of the leaves of a plant, esp. in the course of a single growing season; (b) the arrangement of successive leaves on a stem (obsolete rare).
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1864 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 14 465 The succession of the development of the leaf-cycle is altogether abnormal.
1877 A. W. Bennett tr. O. W. Thomé Text-bk. Struct. & Physiol. Bot. iv. 87 If a spiral is drawn round the stem connecting the points of attachment of the [alternate or scattered] leaves... The course of the spiral from any one leaf to the next leaf which stands exactly vertically above or beneath it is therefore termed the leaf-cycle.
1959 Geogr. Rev. 49 477 The flowering of deciduous trees is dependent on the leaf cycle.
2010 J. A. Eagle Org. Gardening vii. 160 The normal leaf cycle on the Alpine strawberries is from forty-five to sixty days.
leaf disc n. (a) the surface of a leaf blade, as opposed to the margin; (b) a circular piece cut from a leaf.
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1863 Proc. Royal Hort. Soc. 3 87 Golden Fleece... Similar to the last, but with more spreading flower trusses, and less green on the leaf-disc.
1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. VI. i. 32 The leaf-discs thus held above their heads have earned for these insects the name of ‘parasol-ants’.
1964 Ecology 45 163/1 Leaf discs, 4 mm in diameter, were cut with a cork borer and placed immediately in a glass vial with a tight-fitting lid.
2007 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 22 July The round leaf disc has glandular tentacles sticking out in all directions.
leaf door n. a door with two or more leaves (sense 7b) or flaps; also figurative.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 113 The two leafe-dores of quondam honestie, Which on foure vertues Cardinall were turned.
1879 A. Le Messurier Kandahar 280 Those I saw had leaf-doors in one piece, and no side-ventilators.
1922 National Taxicab & Motorbus Jrnl. July 42/1 The body is of the conventional front entrance type, with enclosed steps and collapsible leaf door.
2007 P. Grandbois tr. E. Rodríguez Juliá San Juan 72 La Botella was restored..the dark bar, the always-open leaf doors, the high ceilings.
leaf drift n. a heap or bank of leaves.
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the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaf-drift
leaf drift1850
1850 Literary World (N.Y.) 10 Aug. 112/2 The snow-drift and the leaf drift Were heaping in the wood.
1905 E. Phillpotts Secret Woman i. i. 6 Death, not unlovely, appeared in leaf-drift and touch-wood.
2004 Financial Times 2 Oct. 7/6 A scampering chipmunk bounding through the leaf drifts as deep as itself.
leaf drop n. the fall of leaves, esp. as an abnormal condition or a result of disease.
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1898 Our Hort. Visitor Oct. 9/1 Why these neglected trees should be free from leaf-drop, while mine suffered so as to kill some of them, is not easy to explain.
1961 N.Y. Times 24 Sept. x31 Nurseries cannot dig plants for shipment until frost has caused leaf drop.
2005 E. A. Johnson & M. W. Klemens in Nature in Fragments ii. 39 Light cycles also affect plant growth, influencing seed germination, flower and fruit development, and leaf drop.
leaf fall n. (a) the fall of leaves; the season of autumn (cf. fall n.2 40a); (b) fallen leaves.
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the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [noun] > shedding leaves or petals
leaf fall1616
defoliation1659
leaf shedding1850
the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > autumn
harvest902
harvest-tidec1175
harvest time1362
autumn?c1400
falling of the leaf?1504
fall1550
leaf fall1616
go-harvest1735
back-end1820
fall time1833
1616 G. Nid Certaine Serm. iv. 93 Leafe-fall declareth plainly that his body is..a poore cottage, whose toppe is couered with a sodde of earth.
1840 R. Browning Sordello iii. 95 Leaf-fall and grass-spring for the year.
1920 A. H. Unwin W. Afr. Forests & Forestry ix. 294 It is the fastest growing of all the Albizzias... It scarcely protects the soil, but the leaf fall makes a good humus.
1947 G. F. Wilson Detection & Control Garden Pests vi. 107 Premature leaf-fall is associated with several factors other than pest attack.
2011 Independent 19 Mar. (Traveller section) 5/2 The surface is mostly springy—autumn's leaf fall still cushions your boots.
leaf fat n. = sense 10.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by parts > fat round kidneys
midgeneOE
leaf1552
fleck1575
leaf fat1702
flare1847
1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 227 Cut some Leaf-Fat [Fr. la panne] taken out of a Hog's Belly.
1845 J. J. Hooper Some Adventures Capt. Simon Suggs v. 65 They've knocked the leaf fat outen him tonight, in wads as big as mattock handles.
1904 L. L. Lamborn Cottonseed Products 166 In the packing plants the leaf fat is taken from the animal immediately after killing.
2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Jan. 57/1 Leaf fat is harder to obtain so if you're not picky..you'll be happy with shoulder.
leaf-feeder n. an animal, esp. an insect, that feeds on leaves.
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1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum & Fruticetum Britannicum III. 1818 It is chiefly amongst the caterpillars of lepidopterous insects that the greatest number of the leaf-feeders are found.
1853 Zoologist 11 4025 The seed-feeders..not betraying themselves by the discoloured blotches as the leaf-feeders do.
1917 Bull. N.Y. State Mus. Nos. 202. 44 This common leaf feeder..appeared in orchards the latter part of August.
2011 Florida Entomologist 94 215/2 The South American leaf-feeder Gratiana boliviana..was approved for field release in Florida.
† leaf-finch n. Obsolete rare the Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pyrrhula (bullfinch)
alpa1425
owpe?a1513
bullfinch1570
awbe1576
nope1611
mawp1654
woop1668
hoop1669
pope1763
tawny1847
thick-bill1847
leaf-finch1869
plum bird1879
plum-budder1879
1869 T. R. Jones Cassell's Bk. of Birds I. 102 The Bullfinch (Pyrrhula vulgaris) is called also by the names of Blood, Red, Gold, Flame, and Leaf-finch, Red-fighter, Red-bird, and others too numerous to mention.
leaf fish n. a fish that resembles a leaf, esp. in having a thin flat body and cryptic coloration; esp. (in later use) any of various small predatory freshwater fishes of the Old World family Nandidae and the New World family Polycentridae, popular with aquarists.
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1827 J. E. Alexander Trav. India to Eng. vii. 61 A most extraordinary fish resembling a bat, which I imagine to be a species of pleuronectes; it swam on its side, and was called by the Lascars the putha muchee, or leaf-fish.
1909 Nature 29 Apr. 247/2 The resemblance of a leaf-fish (Platax) to a leaf is a real resemblance, advantageous to the fish.
1972 Progress-Bull (Pomona, Calif.) 7 Oct. 2 I'm finding my new leaf fish very fascinating pets except I don't like the idea of having to feed them those poor, live guppies.
2001 D. J. Leonard Diving Pacific: Micronesia & W. Pacific Islands iv. 123 If you have good eyes, you can find the well-camouflaged leaf fish (Taenianotus triacanthus) here, which is rare in most of Micronesia.
† leaf flea n. Obsolete a jumping plant louse (family Psyllidae); (also) a flea beetle (family Chrysomelidae). [Probably after German Blattfloh (1808 or earlier, usually in plural).]
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1870 S. A. Myers tr. Martin's Nat. Hist. 2nd Ser. 134 The Leaf Fleas (chermes), called also by the French False Plant Lice, are very small insects, resembling fleas.
1892 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation (new ed.) II. 188 The shield-lice, leaf-fleas [Ger. Blattflöhe], and leaf-crickets.
1914 Cent. Dict. V. (rev. ed.) Leaf flea, a flea-beetle or any homopterous insect of the family Psyllidæ.
leaf flush n. (originally) the top few leaves or buds of a mature tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) which are picked for use in the beverage; (in later use also) the appearance of large numbers of new leaves on a deciduous tree or shrub; the time at which this occurs.
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1882 S. Baildon Tea Industry in India vii. 243 The frequent lay of the land in the tea districts..is alternate stretches of low land suitable for rice, and high land fitted for tea. (The miasma from the former rises to the latter, and brings out leaf-flushes in the garden.)
1975 Ann. Rev. Ecol. & Systematics 6 82 Leaf flush peaks from November to February with the onset of the northeast monsoon.
2006 D. O'Neill Land gone Lonesome (2007) 123 At leaf flush, he collected some leaves. He collected more leaves from the same trees in midsummer, and he collected again in the fall.
leaf folder n. chiefly U.S. the larva of any of various small moths that fold leaves together to form a protective covering; (also) the adult of such a moth.
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1865 Prairie Farmer 18 Nov. 371/1 The leaf folder, apple moth, thrip curculio, &c., are not molested by the bird.
1940 M. P. Jones 4-H Club Insect Man. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) i. 28 Around the grape arbor one often finds a very dark-brown moth with a wing expanse of nearly an inch... This insect is called the grape leaf folder (Desmia funeralis).
2003 H. S. Neufeld & D. R. Young in F. S. Gilliam & M. R. Roberts Herbaceous Layer Forests Eastern N. Amer. iii. 63 There may be some phylogenetic constraint limiting the number of species that are leaf folders.
leaf-footed adj. Zoology having leaf-like feet; esp. (formerly) designating branchiopod crustacea of the subclass Phyllopoda, and designating hemipteran bugs of the genus Leptoglossus and related genera (family Coreidae).
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1847 H. McMurtrie Lexicon Scientiarum 184 Leaf-footed. A term applied to a Tribe of Crustacea (Phyllopoda), from their feet being flattened or leaf-like.
1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 633 The Phyllopoda, or Leaf-footed Entomostraca.
1971 C. Johansen in R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) xv. 443 Coreidae. The leaffooted bug is not host specific but is especially common on blueberries in the Southeast.
2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 158 Leaf footed bugs..are known to provide food for ants in return for protection from predators.
leaf freak n. U.S. colloquial now rare = leaf peeper n.
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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher of other specific things
waitera1425
mooncalfa1627
sightman1794
skywatcher1889
horse-watcher1894
coast-watcher1916
spotter1944
leaf peeper1965
leaf freak1974
1974 Time 11 Nov. 92/1 The traffic is so bad along the Mohawk Trail that they had to bring out Indians to entertain all the leaf freaks sitting in their cars with nothing to do.
1980 N.Y. Times 2 Nov. xxi. 22/3 Travel agencies have, no doubt, established tours to Craftsbury Common, Vt., [etc.]..to help those citybound ‘leaf freaks’ find their ultimate dream.
leaf frog n. a tree frog (family Hylidae); spec. one of the genus Phyllomedusa and related genera, of Central and South America. [In quot. 1845 after German Laubfrosch tree frog (already in Old High German as loubfrosc).]
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1845 E. H. Noel tr. J. P. F. Richter Flower, Fruit, & Thorn Pieces xiii. 162 The leaf-frogs [Ger. Laubfrösche]..know how to attach themselves to the smoothest surfaces.
1966 Southwestern Naturalist 11 2 Leaf-frogs..called from herbs and small coffee trees nearby.
2003 Guardian 20 Oct. i. 11/5 On a sheet of glass, a lemur leaf frog (Phyllomedusa lemur) sits dozing.
leaf gall n. a gall (gall n.3) on a leaf.
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1751 J. Hill Rev. Wks. Royal Soc. 148 The Protuberance itself is properly a Leaf Gall, and is perfectly analagous to those we continually meet with on our Limes and Willows.
1840 R. Wight Illustr. Indian Bot. I. 212 The leaf galls and fruit of T. chebula are much used by dyers as a mordant for fixing their colours.
1984 Kew Bull. 39 557 Several specimens show curious long ‘papillae’ on the upper surface of the leaf, presumably a widespread leaf-gall.
2014 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 Aug. t12 I would plant a hackberry or two, which..is prone to leaf galls and has little off-season ornament.
leaf gap n. Botany a break in the vascular tissue of a plant stem, associated with the branching off of a leaf trace.
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1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 243 Narrow reticulated tracheides at the edges bordering the leaf-gap [Ger. Blattlücke].
1960 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants xvi. 217 In other ferns the leaf gaps are vertically elongate.
2006 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 167 726/1 In solenostelic ferns, only one leaf gap appears in a single cross section.
leaf gate n. a gate with two or more folding leaves or flaps (in sense 7b).In later use, chiefly with reference to the gates of dams.
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the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > folding gate
leaf gate1615
folding gates1824
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 236 The torne Membranes..do somtimes hang downe on either hand in the sides by the cleft like vnto values..or leafe-gates.
1893 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 111 110 The superior economy of the caisson-gate over the leaf-gate had been established.
1905 East Liverpool (Ohio) Rev. 14 Oct. 1/6 The strain on leaf gates across such a wide span would be greater than the walls could endure.
2001 Russell (Manitoba) Banner 25 Dec. 1/5 They're saying they're going to put leaf gates on the spillway.
leaf gelatine n. gelatine manufactured in sheet form for cooking purposes; cf. sense 6b.
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the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > gelatine
gelatine1835
leaf gelatine1867
1867 Edinb. Evening Courant 15 Aug. 1/4 French leaf gelatine, pistachio kernels, Mexican vanilla.
1957 E. Craig Collins Family Cookery 606 Ten perfect sheets of French leaf gelatine equals 1 oz.
1998 BBC Good Food Sept. 125/2 Powdered gelatine is easier to use, but leaf gelatine gives a slightly more sparkling result.
leaf gilding n. gilding with gold leaf.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > gilding > methods of
parcel-gilding1519
water gilding1703
leaf gilding1746
matting1758
fire gilding1831
mercury gilding1870
pink gilding1873
honey gilding1954
1746 J. Ralph Hist. Eng. II. 764/2 Such a Grievance in the former Reigns..now became a Requisite to good Government, under that Leaf-gilding, with Consent of Parliament.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 613 Leaf gilding..is done by giving..a coat of gum water or fine size, applying the gold leaf ere the surfaces be hard dry.
1956 D. V. Thompson Materials & Techniques Medieval Painting 202 Burnished leaf gilding..is a basic element in a very wide range of medieval painting.
2008 Kamloops (Brit. Columbia) Daily News (Nexis) 24 Mar. b1 Noton is a Japanese form of broken leaf gilding.
leafhopper n. any of numerous small homopteran bugs constituting the family Cicadellidae, which typically move by jumping, suck sap from leaves, and (in some cases) spread plant diseases.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Cicadellidae or Jassidae > member of
leafhopper1838
rose-hopper1852
rose leafhopper1860
jassid1895
sharpshooter1902
1838 A. C. Lindsay Lett. on Egypt, Edom, & Holy Land II. x. 76 We halted at noon in a grove of noble olives, swarming with little green leaf-hoppers—if I may call them so—shaped like frogs.
1920 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 338 The homopterous hosts are leaf-hoppers and other small insects (allied to cicads).
2014 Sci. Amer. Mar. 56 American elms are also highly vulnerable to another disease known as elm yellows, spread by American leafhoppers.
leaf house n. a house or hut built largely or completely of leaves.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > house of specific material or construction
thatch-house1521
slate house1554
thack housec1600
frame house1627
log-house1662
straw1665
thatch1693
tin-house1798
fog house1799
leaf house1811
rock house1818
black house1819
blockhouse1821
white house1824
slab-and-bark house1826
brown house1845
brush house1854
soddy1877
hurdle-housea1879
bottle house1913
stucco1922
prefab1942
Portal house1944
Airey1945
yali1962
1811 W. Ward Acct. Hindoos II. 125 Near his leaf-house a deer and her young one used to come.
1958 Listener 14 Aug. 237/1 Johnny and Silas..lived in a leaf house near mine.
2000 E. Hunt et al. South Pacific 667 Villagers wait outside a traditional leaf house in Makaruka.
leaf hut n. a hut or small house built largely or completely of leaves.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > types of
lonquhardc1480
hothouse1643
ajoupa1666
penthouse1683
pandal?1692
bark-hut1744
log-tent1748
log cabin1770
bush-hut1775
log-hut1778
yurt1780
isba1784
beach hut1806
whare1807
bough-house1811
pondok1815
grass hut1818
hartebeest house1818
leaf hut1818
gunyah1820
grass house1823
slab-and-bark hut1826
slab-and-shingle hut1826
slab whare1826
rondavel1829
bush-house1835
skerm1835
jacal1838
toldo1839
log-shanty1847
wurley1847
maloca1853
palm hut1853
whare1853
hutmenta1857
bush-shanty1857
benab1860
pondokkie1862
bothan1863
lanaia1869
hogan1872
tenta1873
beehive-hut1884
leaf shelter1886
Oklahoma1889
goondie1890
cabana1898
troolie hut1899
tukul1901
fale1902
banda1908
kya1909
hut1913
obi1913
Nissen hut1917
Nissen1919
basha1921
tourist cabin1928
bunkie1935
wanigan1937
Quonset hut1942
chickee1943
iron lung1943
Quonset1943
1818 V. M. Golovnin & P. I. Rikord Narr. Captivity in Japan ii. 118 During the summer some of the people reside in leaf-huts.
1949 M. Mead Male & Female x. 220 A leaky leaf-hut on the side of a mountain.
2009 A. Armbrecht Thin Places vi. 38 Outside the string of leaf huts.., Bhotiyas from the north gathered in large circles.
leaf insect n. any of various large tropical insects constituting the family Phyllidae, related to the stick insects, which are strikingly camouflaged to resemble green or dead leaves; also called walking leaf, wandering leaf.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Phasmida > family Phasmidae
walking stick1760
leaf insect1795
spectre1798
stick insect1826
spectrum1838
phasmid1864
stick bug1868
twig insect1882
witch's horse1894
1795 N. Dwight Short but Comprehensive Syst. Geogr. of World 137 The leaf-insect, which resembles a withered leaf eaten by a caterpillar, is a native of this country.
1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon I. ii. vi. 251 Eggs of the leaf insect.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 316 Leaf-insects and stick-insects are famous for their close resemblance to leaves and dry twigs respectively.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies vi. 139 Leaf insects are often very convincing leaf mimics.
leaf joint n. the point on a stem from which a leaf arises; cf. node n. 7.
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1827 W. Bland Princ. Agric. viii. 98 On this bine are the blossoms and seed pods, which grow out at each successive leaf joint as the plant advances.
1958 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 24 May 2 If the plants get too tall and spindly..they may be nipped back to a leaf joint to encourage bushy growth.
2013 T. Stromquist in Encycl. Cultivated Plants 106 Begonias will be prone to fungal diseases and mold, particularly at the base of the plant and leaf joints.
† leaf-joy n. Obsolete a joy which is extendable or flexible; cf. sense 6a.Apparently an isolated use.
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1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 225 Hope is as a Leafe-Ioy [L. tanquam gaudium foliatum]; Which may be beaten out, to a great Extension, like Gold.
leaf lard n. = sense 10.
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the world > food and drink > food > fat or oil > [noun] > lard
spickc832
lardc1420
fleck1575
larding1582
leaf lard1797
bladder lard1872
suine1880
jippo1929
1797 E. Edwards Let. 9 Mar. in T. Jefferson Papers (2002) XXIX. 313 Take all the Skin off of the Leaf lard.
1885 W. L. Carpenter Treat. Manuf. Soap ii. 25 The fat immediately surrounding the kidneys yields the best and purest lard. This, and that which is obtained in flaky layers between the flesh and the skin.., is known as ‘leaf’ lard.
2000 Oxf. Amer. May 17/3 A woman, her hands submerged in a drift of downy-white flour, is cutting in pure, pearly leaf lard until the biscuit bowl is filled with a crumble of gravelly bits.
leaf lettuce n. any of several varieties of lettuce in which the leaves grow loosely and do not form a dense head.
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1795 R. Bailey Memorandum Jan. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XXVIII. 256 Seeds saved 1794... Leaf Lettice... Green Do.
1877 J. Hogg Veg. Garden 96 When [lettuce is] wanted very early, in the form of leaf lettuce, it may be sown rather thickly broadcast in a hot-bed in February.
1952 Sci. News-Lett. 5 Jan. 7 A new leaf lettuce called ‘Salad Bowl’..is the first lettuce ever to win the All-America Selections' gold medal.
2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 29 Apr. d1/1 Traditionally, early spring leaf lettuce and wild onions are ‘wilted’ with hot bacon grease.
leaf lichen n. any of various foliose lichens of the family Parmeliaceae (esp. the genus Parmelia), having leaf-like lobes.
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the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > leaf-lichens
rose lichen1777
staneraw1777
stone-raw1802
leaf lichen1846
1846 Phytologist 2 561 Parmeliaceæ, Leaf-Lichens.
1948 Econ. Bot. 2 43/2 Leaf lichens are common on evergreen, deciduous trees and bushes in the subtropics and tropics.
2012 D. Monkman Nature's Year 56 Parmelia..are pale grey or light green leaf lichens that typically grow on trees, logs, and rocks.
leaf litter n. litter (litter n. Additions) consisting chiefly of leaf fragments.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > topsoil > litter
leaf litter1853
litter1905
litterfall1967
1853 J. E. Teschemacher tr. J. A. Stöckhardt Chem. Field Lect. vi. 148 The fallen leaves and plants of the forest, of which leaf-litter [Ger. Waldstreu] is composed, contain in a fresh state much more potash and other soluble matters.
1926 A. G. Tansley & T. F. Chipp Aims & Methods Study Vegetation vii. 117 The leaf litter and other plant debris remain on the surface very little changed.
2013 Guardian 8 Oct. 37/5 Near the ground there is candlesnuff pushing through the leaf litter.
leaf louse n. an aphid or other plant louse which infests the leaves of plants.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Aphis
cantharidesa1398
blackfly1652
greenflya1680
green louse1682
green bug1704
collier1742
puceron1744
plant louse1763
aphis1771
leaf louse1774
smother-fly1785
tree-louse1797
ant cow1875
aphid1884
stilt-bug1895
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 276 The animal which some have called the Leaf Louse, is of the size of a flea, and of a bright green, or bluish green colour.
1868 14th Ann. Rep. Iowa State Agric. Soc. 1867 189 The vines have been injured to some extent by the leaf-louse.
1924 Pop. Sci. June 67/3 (caption) In combatting insect enemies such as the tiny leaf hoppers, leaf lice, and bugs.., the most effective weapon is the spray.
2011 J. Catterson Lindahl Rose in Sand lx. 211 The bees flew to the forest, where they milked the leaf lice.
leaf mass n. a dense growth of leaves.
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the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaves or foliage
shadec1000
leafOE
felourea1400
filourc1400
hair1551
leafage1599
foliage1601
umbrage1657
foliature1682
folia1730
greenery1826
leafery1834
feather1842
leafdom1856
leaf mass1857
greening1895
1857 J. Ruskin Elements Drawing 84 Then draw very carefully, first placing them with pencil, and then filling them up with ink, every leaf-mass and stalk of it.
1908 G. Jekyll Colour in Flower Garden vii. 60 We gradually return to the grey-blues, whites and pale yellows, with..the splendid leaf-mass of a wide and high plant of Euphorbia Wulfenii.
2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. A neighborhood dog will go missing, and you will have the sneaking suspicion that he has gone into hiding beneath the towering leaf mass.
leaf metal n. metal beaten into a thin leaf or foil.
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1725 Addit. Bk. Rates in Act 11 George I c. 7. 163 Leaf Metal (except of Leaf Gold) the packet, containing 250 leaves.
1869 Eng. Mech. 12 Nov. 215/2 Gold is not put on any paper-hangings, it is a preparation called leaf metal.
1922 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 57 145 The films of leaf metal used in this work did not show such great abnormalities as the usual spattered films.
2008 D. Wood Beader's Bible 8/1 The metallic lining looks a little like leaf metal.
leaf mine n. a tunnel or network of tunnels made in leaf tissue by a leaf miner; cf. mine n. 1e.
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1880 Amer. Entomologist Aug. 203/1 Its larva lives between the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf mines.
1966 Florida Entomologist 50 13 The larvae of certain Calycomyza species..produce distinct leaf mine forms on the leaves of their respective host plant.
2004 W. Cranshaw Garden Insects N. Amer. iv. 205 Serpentine leaf mines meander across the leaf, gradually increasing in width as the insect grows.
leaf miner n. any of various insect larvae, esp. the caterpillars of certain small moths, which make a feeding tunnel between the epidermal layers of a plant leaf; (also) the adult of such an insect.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Tineidae > member of (tineid)
leaf miner1830
miner1830
tinean1842
tineid1888
1830 J. Rennie Insect Archit. xii. 239 Most of the solitary leaf-miners either cannot or will not construct a new mine, if ejected by an experimenter from the old.
1931 Ecol. Monogr. 1 474 The turkey oak leaves during the summer and fall become badly mined by a lepidopterous leaf miner.
2006 Gardens Monthly Apr. 51/1 They trap a proportion of pests, including whitefly, thrips, leaf miners and greenfly in the greenhouse or conservatory.
leaf-mining adj. (of an insect or larva) that is a leaf miner.
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1829 J. Rennie & J. O. Westwood Nat. Hist. Insects I. xvi. 283 The Leaf-mining Caterpillar.
1958 C. S. Elton Ecol. of Invasions (1963) iii. 65 Other broad-leaved trees have also acquired new invaders: two kinds of leaf-mining sawflies.
2015 Times (Nexis) 19 Sept. 13 There is no treatment for a tree that has been infected by leaf-mining moths.
leaf monkey n. any of various leaf-eating arboreal monkeys of the genera Presbytis and Trachypithecus (family Cercopithecidae), found in South and South-East Asia and related to the langurs.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > subfamily Colobinae > genus Presbytis (langur)
wanderoo1681
Semnopithecus1824
langur1825
leaf monkey1888
Semnopithecine1891
Semnopithecoid1891
1888 W. T. Blanford Fauna Brit. India: Mammalia i. 41 Phayre's Leaf-Monkey is found in dense high forests.
1928 Jrnl. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32 iii. 472 (title) The langurs or leaf-monkeys of British India.
1966 R. Morris & D. Morris Men & Apes viii. 236 Various species of leaf monkeys..frequent salt licks and saline mineral springs in Borneo.
2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xiii. 350 Predators in this context means big herbivorous animals, from cattle and squirrel to leaf monkeys.
leaf mustard n. a mustard plant, Brassica juncea, having leaves and stems used as a cooked vegetable; = mustard n. 2a(c); also called Indian mustard.
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1922 Gentes Herbarum I. Fasc. 2. Art. II. i. iv. 91 Brassica juncea,..Indian Mustard. Leaf-Mustard of gardens.
1973 R. C. Lommasson Nebraska Wild Flowers 31 The lower leaves of the plant are often quite large and this has given rise to the common name leaf mustard.
2015 Guardian Messenger (Adelaide) (Nexis) 1 July 27 Bok choy and the leaf mustards are well-known in stir fries but Asian greens need full sun.
leaf netting n. (a) a type of handmade netting thought to resemble a leaf or leaves (b) a net cover used to protect against falling leaves or debris.
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1843 Ladies' Work-table Bk. 165 Leaf netting—This is pretty when executed properly.
1975 J. Dawes Swimming Pool & Garden 128/2 There are also debris- and leaf-netting covers suspended..across the water.
1989 J. Kliot & K. Kliot Art Netting 26/1 Double leaf netting... resembles leaf netting, but the leaves are double, and therefore more distinct.
2012 O: Oprah Mag. (Nexis) Mar. 107 Quieter lawn-care alternatives include..rakes, brooms, and leaf netting in lieu of a leaf blower.
leaf node n. (a) Botany a point on a stem from which a leaf arises (cf. node n. 7); (b) Mathematics and Computing a node or vertex of a tree which has only one connection to another node; a terminal node.
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the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > diagram > tree diagram > node of
leaf node1852
1852 J. H. Balfour Class Bk. Bot. I. iii. 167 Each of these secondary axes, in their turn bear opposite bracts, or leaflets capable in the same way of forming tertiary axes, with solitary flowers, and so on until the plant is exhausted, or the axes produced have no leaf-nodes.
1924 Bot. Gaz. 78 296 The leaf nodes are usually 2–5 cm. apart.
1963 Communications ACM 6 277/2 A variable length value field is required for these leaf nodes.
1980 Information Processing Lett. 11 126/1 Now p must lie in the interior of a six-dimensional convex region defined by some leaf node of the linear decision tree.
1992 Canad. Gardening June 20/2 ‘Waking up’ the plant this way is easy: cut back to a leaf node.
2010 Systematic Biol. 59 377/2 A term that is an intermediate node in a single-species ontology may be represented as a leaf node in a multispecies ontology.
leaf-opposed adj. Botany (of a tendril or other shoot) arising opposite a leaf.
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1820 W. Roxburgh et al. Flora Indica I. 425 Tendrils leaf-opposed, undivided.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 5 Ranunculus..Batrachium..Peduncles usually leaf-opposed.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 528 Collumella..distinct from Cissus by the axillary (not leaf-opposed) tendrils and digitate or pedate leaves.
2014 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 175 1010/1 Unique morphological features such as leaf-opposed tendril/inflorescences..illustrate the morphological inventiveness of this family.
leaf peeper n. U.S. colloquial a tourist who visits forested areas (esp. in New England) during the autumn to view the changing colours of the foliage.
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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher of other specific things
waitera1425
mooncalfa1627
sightman1794
skywatcher1889
horse-watcher1894
coast-watcher1916
spotter1944
leaf peeper1965
leaf freak1974
1965 Bennington (Vermont) Banner 29 Sept. 2/3 Prospects for weekend ‘leaf peepers’ seem extremely good.
1987 Economist 3 Oct. 43/1 Each autumn, northern New England draws thousands of ‘leaf-peepers’ to gape at the ravishing colours of the changing trees.
2003 BusinessWeek 27 Oct. 138/2 Leaf peepers rejoice: The late-summer wetness won't dull the palette as America's trees reach their peak autumn colors.
leaf peeping n. U.S. colloquial the popular activity of travelling to forested areas (esp. those in New England) to view the changing colours of the autumn foliage.
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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adjective] > observing or watching
birding1891
leaf peeping1966
1966 Bennington (Vermont) Banner 10 Oct. 1/8 Gerald Raftery reflects in a timely fashion on leaf peeping.
1979 United States 1980–1 (Penguin Travel Guides) 632 The four weeks from mid-September to mid-October are leaf-peeping season, a magic time to be here.
2004 Nat. New Eng. Winter 8/3 Sugar maple is a bulwark..of major sectors of New England's economy, namely leaf peeping, lumber, and maple syrup.
leaf plant n. now rare a plant cultivated for its foliage as opposed to its flowers.
ΚΠ
1827 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts July 367 These are not leaves at all, they are..mere foliaceous dilations of the trunk, analogous only to the true leaves of leaf-plants and flower-plants.
1871 S. Hibberd Amateur's Flower Garden 40 We light upon an interesting distinction between such as we may call flowering plants, and such as we may called leaf plants.
1971 Times 9 June 11/6 Best variegated or ornamental leaf plant in show.
leaf plate n. a leaf or leaves used as a plate or dish for food.
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the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > leaf as plate
leaf plate1832
leaf platter1852
1832 Minutes of Evid. Select. Comm. E. India Company III. 163 in Parl. Papers 1831–2 (H.C. 735-III) X. ii. 1 The government officer of a district wanted leaf plates to supply his table for a year.
1962 B. Harrisson Orang-Utan ii. 57 You bend slightly over and down for mouth and fingers to meet above your leaf-plate.
2005 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 18 May The meal is served on leaf plates to guests sitting on the floor.
leaf platter n. a leaf or leaves used as a plate or dish for food.
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the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > leaf as plate
leaf plate1832
leaf platter1852
1852 C. P. Brown Telugu Reader 91 With a half penny (yagani) on every bundle of (vis-tallu) leaf platters.
1901 R. Kipling Kim xi. 281 ‘And we,’ said Kim, turning his back and heaping a leaf-platter for the lama, ‘are beyond all castes.’
2010 Indian Express (Nexis) 17 Apr. Rajasthani cuisine, served on a leaf platter.
leaf protein n. protein, or a protein, present in leaves, esp. when extracted for use as food or as a dietary supplement.
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the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]
casein1838
albuminoid1855
xanthoglobulin1868
myochrome1872
xanthoprotein1883
histone1885
globulose1886
phaseolin1893
leucosin1894
nucleohistone1894
nucleon1895
mucoid1898
protone1898
mucinoid1902
myohaemoglobin1906
nucleoprotamine1911
cytozyme1914
leaf protein1917
cytochrome1925
mucoprotein1925
myoglobin1925
flavoprotein1934
oxymyoglobin1935
ferritin1937
lipovitellin1942
arthropodin1947
trypticase1947
erythropoietin1948
phosvitin1948
opsin1951
orosomucoid1955
metallothionein1960
plastocyanin1961
aequorin1962
ferredoxin1962
LDL1962
fetoprotein1964
thioredoxin1964
actinin1965
adrenodoxin1965
lactoferrin1965
myoglobulin1965
rubredoxin1965
uniporter1967
miraculin1968
nexin1970
bacteriorhodopsin1971
molybdoprotein1971
monellin1972
cytokine1974
ankyrin1975
clathrin1975
electromorph1975
tau1975
uniport1975
microtrabecula1976
porin1976
osteocalcin1977
calmodulin1978
monokine1978
PCNA1978
vimentin1978
interleukin1979
laminin1979
titin1979
villin1979
cyclin1981
triskele1981
acumentin1982
perforin1983
statin1985
activin1986
addressin1988
synuclein1988
chemokine1992
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > [noun] > vegetable protein
leaf protein1917
soy protein1918
soy1945
Incaparina1960
TVP1968
Quorn1986
1917 Jrnl. Med. Res. 37 279 (table) Leaf protein.
1937 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 459 These leaves are quite high in protein. In this case there has been no selection of the leaf proteins by animal or plant.
1971 N. W. Pirie Leaf Protein xvi. 157 Freshly made slabs of leaf protein disperse in water to give a smooth paste.
2011 U. S. Gupta What's New About Crop Plants v. xix. 433 Radish leaf protein was extremely inferior to spinach leaf protein and casein for body weight gain of rats.
† leaf-red n. Obsolete rare = erythrophyll n. at erythro- comb. form .
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1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Leaf-red, same as Erythrophyll.
1896 Science 11 Sept. 351/2 The conclusions of Kerner as to the uses of leaf-red as a means of promotion of transpiration are extended.
leafroll n. (a) a leaf that has been rolled up by a leaf roller; (b) any of various plant diseases or conditions, esp. a virus disease of potatoes, characterized by curling of the leaves; cf. leaf curl n.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > viral diseases > associated with food or crop plants > potatoes
curl1790
leaf curl1850
leafroll1859
aucuba mosaic1922
rugose mosaic1923
1859 Lit. Gaz. 4 June 654/3 The small object which he found at the bottom of the leaf-roll was, in all probability, a tortrix in the larva state.
1914 W. A. Orton (U.S. Dept. Agric.) (title) Potato Wilt, Leaf-Roll, and Related Diseases.
1960 Times 29 July 12/6 The telltale curl..shows a potato plant has leafroll.
1985 Insects Eastern Forests (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 319 The [weevil] larva develops in the leaf roll, and pupates either there or in the ground.
2003 R. Ozeki All over Creation i. 18 From what he was spraying, he must have had a problem with leafroll.
leaf roller n. any of various insect larvae, esp. the caterpillars of certain small moths of the family Tortricidae, which roll up the leaves of their food plants; (also) the adult of such an insect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Tortricidae > member of
Tortrix1797
dial1819
leaf roller1830
subtriple spot1832
bell-moth1841
oak leaf roller1877
roller1877
red-banded leafroller1886
1830 J. Rennie Insect Archit. viii. 158 The caterpillars which are familiarly termed leaf-rollers, are perfect hermits.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 149/3 (advt.) Insects such as the Codling Moth, Green Apple Bug, Leaf Roller, Case Bearer, Apple Scab, Asparagus, Astor, and Japanese Beetles..infest fruit trees.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies xviii. 579 A good example is the elderberry panax leaf roller of Australia.
leaf-rolling adj. (of an insect or larva) that is a leaf roller.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxi. 279 A similar cocoon is constructed by another leaf-rolling caterpillar.
1929 R. A. Wardle Probl. Appl. Entomol. xi. 256 The chief insect pests of rice in the area are..certain Pyralid leaf-rolling caterpillars.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies xiv. 413 The majority contained leaf material..nearly 58%, with another 1% consisting of the leaf shelters of leaf-rolling weevils.
leaf rosette n. = rosette n. 5a.
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the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > rosette arrangement
rosette1818
leaf rosette1875
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 169 The leaf-rosettes [Ger. Blattrosetten] of Crassulaceæ.
1965 J. Kramer Bromeliads v. 63 Most Neoregelias are of medium-size with spreading leaf rosettes.
2000 A. J. Whitten et al. Ecol. Sumatra (new ed.) ix. 290 For plants with leaf rosettes on the ground such as the silverweed.., the woolly hairs are on the lower surface and petioles only.
leaf rust n. a fungal rust (rust n.1 6) that affects the leaves of plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > mould or mildew
fenOE
mildew1340
moulda1400
moul1440
vinny1538
hoar1548
mouldingc1610
vinegar-plant1797
moulder1817
mucor1818
vinegar mother1839
leaf rust1859
wood-mould1869
Isaria1874
grease mould1882
brown mould1883
pourriture noble1911
fumagine1913
1859 T. W. Field Pear Culture iii. 118 Mr. Downing was of the opinion, that bones finely ground and mixed with wood-ashes, would prevent the leaf-rust.
1910 G. Massee Dis. Cultivated Plants & Trees 11 It was assumed that ‘leaf-rust’ was also the cause of cucumber ‘leaf-blotch’.
2005 R. C. Sharma et al. in M. H. Pei & A. R. McCracken Rust Dis. Willow & Poplar i. ix. 116/2 Leaf rust caused by an autoecius, microcylic M. ciliata is an important disease of Populus species.
leaf salad n. a salad solely composed of the raw leaves of vegetables and edible plants, such as various lettuces, spinach, rocket, etc.
ΚΠ
1868 V. W. Johnson Cricket's Friends 71 ‘I should be sorry to do any thing so rude,’ said the Spider slyly; ‘only you are rather fond of leaf-salad, I have heard.’
1873 German National Cookery for Eng. Kitchens v. 74 Salads of fish, meats, or potatoes are better made half an hour before they are used, excepting such as are mixed with leaf-salad.
1923 Logansport (Indiana) Pharos-Tribune 9 Mar. 8/6 A light leaf salad with a thin French dressing may be varied by the different lettuces.
2008 Independent 24 Jan. 21/6 We offer a range of healthy products such as fresh fruit salads, leaf salads, lower fat ‘skinny’ muffins, [etc.].
leaf scald n. any of various plant diseases in which leaves shrivel and turn brown, caused chiefly by fungi and bacteria; (also) = leaf scorch n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases
chlorosis1805
leaf scald1870
leaf scorch1899
sand drown1922
yellows1926
iron deficiency anaemia1932
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > associated with food or crop plants
fire blight1742
apple blight1835
pear blight1854
leaf scald1870
ring rot1875
angular leaf spot1896
blackarm1902
Moko1913
halo blight1920
1870 Country Gentleman's Mag. 16 June 380/3 Farmers say that it is not so much rust that is affecting the grain as what they denominate leaf-scald.
1924 Phytopathology 14 587 (heading) Java gum disease of sugar cane identical to leaf scald of Australia.
2011 Ecology 92 1557/1 Incidence and severity of a leaf scald disease in a naturally occurring plant population was higher in plants shaded by the tree canopy.
leaf scale n. Botany a scale on a plant stem which develops into a leaf; a small colourless, membranous, or otherwise scale-like modified leaf, such as those protecting a bud or forming part of a bulb (= scale-leaf n. at scale n.2 Compounds 1d); (also) a microscopic structure on the surface of a leaf.
ΚΠ
1787 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) II. 1005 Leaves floating, long, grass-like, blunt, from leaf-scales.
1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. i. ii. 26 Bulbs are named, according to the character of their leaf-scales, scaly or squamose.
1941 E. C. Jaeger Desert Wild Flowers (rev. ed.) 5 The leaf scales are in whorls of three.
2005 Daily Tel. 25 Aug. 21/1 (caption) A scanning electron microscope captures the epidermal leaf scales from the dorsal surface of an eleagnus.
leaf scar n. the mark or trace left on the stem of a woody plant by the fall of a leaf.
ΚΠ
1845 tr. J. Münter in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 16 236 The entire surface of the stem [of Nuphar lutea] is coated with elastic leaf-scars directed obliquely from above downwards.
1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) 167 In almost all woody plants the leaves..are sooner or later shed, leaving leaf scars on the stem showing their former positions.
2012 Lat. Amer. Antiq. 23 276/1 The manioc stems could be identified because of the unusual leaf scars and nodes found on the stout main stem.
leaf scorch n. any of various plant diseases and disorders, frequently due to environmental conditions, in which leaves shrivel and turn brown.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases
chlorosis1805
leaf scald1870
leaf scorch1899
sand drown1922
yellows1926
iron deficiency anaemia1932
1899 Bull. N.Y. Agric. Exper. Station No. 162. 171 The effects of leaf scorch on the beet root might easily be mistaken for scab.
1931 Times 16 Mar. 17/3 Apple leaf-scorch may also be..caused by a..rainy season dissolving the potash contents of the leaves.
1961 Amateur Gardening 21 Oct. (Suppl.) 31/2 Leaf scorch. A common disorder of grapevines under glass, in which the leaves take on a shrivelled appearance.
2006 Grow your Own July 35/1 Extreme summer heat and hot dry winds can cause leaf scorch.
leaf-shaped adj. (esp. of an arrow or bladed weapon) shaped like a leaf.
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the world > space > shape > other specific shapes > [adjective] > like (a) leaf or leaves
leaf-like1688
leaf-shaped1798
foliaceous1828
leaved1834
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [adjective] > type of head
high-rigged1545
high-crested1671
leaf-shaped1798
1798 Trans. Linn. Soc. 4 191 Under the mouth are situated two leaf-shaped organs, perhaps belonging to the action of that part.
1872 J. Evans Anc. Stone Implements xvi. 333 Of leaf-shaped arrow-heads..there are several minor varieties.
1940 C. F. C. Hawkes Prehist. Found. Europe iii. 78 Hollow-based and leaf-shaped arrowheads..appear in the flint industry.
2006 S. M. Stirling Sky People iv. 100 Bronzesmiths offering knife and spearhead and beautiful leaf-shaped swords, and silversmiths and goldsmiths plying their trades.
leaf sheath n. Botany an expanded base of a leaf or petiole which surrounds the stem; (also) in horsetails, a sheath of fused leaves which surrounds the stem at each node.
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1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. p. xlvii Leafsheaths entire..Leafsheaths slit.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 370 [Equisetum Telmateia and E. arvense] After they have formed several foliar girdles and their apex is covered by a firm envelope of leaf-sheaths, they break through the base of the parent leaf-sheaths.
1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 399 The eggs hatch in about a week and the maggots feed between the leaf-sheath and the stem.
2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1208/1 The stem of the Musaceae is completely composed of overlapping leaf sheaths.
leaf shelter n. a shelter made of leaves.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > types of
lonquhardc1480
hothouse1643
ajoupa1666
penthouse1683
pandal?1692
bark-hut1744
log-tent1748
log cabin1770
bush-hut1775
log-hut1778
yurt1780
isba1784
beach hut1806
whare1807
bough-house1811
pondok1815
grass hut1818
hartebeest house1818
leaf hut1818
gunyah1820
grass house1823
slab-and-bark hut1826
slab-and-shingle hut1826
slab whare1826
rondavel1829
bush-house1835
skerm1835
jacal1838
toldo1839
log-shanty1847
wurley1847
maloca1853
palm hut1853
whare1853
hutmenta1857
bush-shanty1857
benab1860
pondokkie1862
bothan1863
lanaia1869
hogan1872
tenta1873
beehive-hut1884
leaf shelter1886
Oklahoma1889
goondie1890
cabana1898
troolie hut1899
tukul1901
fale1902
banda1908
kya1909
hut1913
obi1913
Nissen hut1917
Nissen1919
basha1921
tourist cabin1928
bunkie1935
wanigan1937
Quonset hut1942
chickee1943
iron lung1943
Quonset1943
1886 F. H. Cushing in 4th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1882–3 474 Its modern Zuñi name..signifies a ‘brush or leaf shelter’.
1937 Discovery Sept. 274/2 Two dilapidated leaf shelters.
2008 Daily Express (Nexis) 24 Apr. 44 We built a leaf shelter and trekked about learning some of the edible and inedible plants on the trail.
leaf shutter n. Photography a shutter controlled by an arrangement of one or more thin pivoting blades, esp. an iris diaphragm.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > shutter
Venetian shutter1844
obturator1853
shutter1862
roller blind1882
leaf shutter1892
time shutter1893
between-lens shutter1909
barn door1942
1892 How to make Photographs & Descr. Catal. Materials 36 (advt.) The Outfit consists of a Camera and lens, with leaf shutter.
1962 G. G. Bates 35 mm. Cameras i. 14/1 The leaf or diaphragm shutter, consisting of a number of wafer-thin leaves or blades which overlap to form an opaque barrier to the rays of light.
2002 Pop. Photogr. Apr. 84/1 While the Chinese-made leaf shutter tops out at only 1/300 sec rather than 1/500 sec, it is accurate and proved reliable and consistent.
† leaf-sickness n. Obsolete a disease of sheep or (rarely) cattle attributed to the ingestion of oak or hawthorn leaves (perhaps the parasitic disease gid, or tetanus).
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the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep
pocka1325
soughta1400
pox1530
mad1573
winter rot1577
snuffa1585
leaf1587
leaf-sickness1614
redwater1614
mentigo1706
tag1736
white water1743
hog pox1749
rickets1755
side-ill1776
resp1789
sheep-fag1789
thorter-ill1791
vanquish1792
smallpox1793
shell-sicknessc1794
sickness1794
grass-ill1795
rub1800
pine1804
pining1804
sheep-pock1804
stinking ill1807
water sickness1807
core1818
wryneck1819
tag-belt1826
tag-sore1828
kibe1830
agalaxia1894
agalactia1897
lupinosis1899
trembling1902
struck1903
black disease1906
scrapie1910
renguerra1917
pulpy kidney1927
dopiness1932
blowfly strike1933
body strike1934
sleepy sickness1937
swayback1938
twin lamb disease1945
tick pyaemia1946
fly-strike1950
maedi1952
nematodiriasis1957
visna1957
maedi-visna1972
visna-maedi1972
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. xxvi. 77 (heading) Of the Staggers, or leafe sickenesse in Lambes, or elder Sheepe.
1792 W. Osbaldiston Brit. Sportsman 439/1 Leaf-sickness..often comes by too much brousing on hawthorn or oak leaves.
1809 Med. Repository 3rd Hexade 1 38 Leaf-sickness..prevails in the month of June, or at the time when oak leaves get their full growth.
leaf sight n. Firearms a sighting device consisting of a hinged projection on the barrel of a gun; cf. sense 7e.
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1835 W. Greener Gun xxix. 202 As the best mode of sighting a rifle is by the leaf sight, the lowest sight should be made at this elevation.
1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms ix. 93 In the leaf sight the leaf is always raised to the same position and the position of the aperture on the leaf is varied.
2013 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 16 Dec. c21 A special Luger that had a 9-inch barrel and a leaf sight.
leaf silver n. = silver-leaf n. 1.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > coating with silver > silver leaf or plate
silver-foil1439
silver plate1526
leaf silvera1577
plate silver1648
silver-leaf1728
a1577 T. Hill Briefe & Pleasaunt Treat. Nat. & Artific. Concl. (1581) sig. B.vi Take a fine Pensell with the licour drawyng on the leaues what proper matter or Armes you list, and after let the same drie of it self, puttyng vppon of the leafe golde, or the leafe siluer.
1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 87 Salvers, Spoons,..&c. cover'd with Leaf Silver and Gold.
1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 21/2 When leaf-silver or fine silver-wire is heated by voltaic electricity, it burns with a fine green flame.
1913 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 21 14 The silver used was chemically pure leaf silver.
2007 Sunday Business Post (Ireland) (Nexis) 30 Sept. 80 Blocks by Patrick O'Reilly, oil and pure leaf silver, mixed media on canvas.
† leaf silvering n. Obsolete the process of covering something with leaf silver.
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1857 T. F. Branston Hand-bk Pract. Receipts 223 Leaf silvering may be performed as leaf gilding.
leaf skin n. †(a) the membrane enclosing leaf fat (obsolete rare); (b) the epidermis of a leaf.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > defined by parts > fat round kidneys > membrane enclosing
leaf skin1824
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > part or side of
backsidec1392
cut1563
purl1626
ambitient1657
unguicle1657
verge1704
sinus1753
pagina1832
blade1835
crenel1835
biforine1842
underleaf1873
tentacle1875
bullation1882
leaf skin1974
1824 ‘A. Singleton’ Lett. from South & West 75 Being born smokers, [the Negroes] make pouches of the inner leafskin of a swine, peeled thin, which is soft, transparent, and tough.
1857 H. T. Stainton Nat. Hist. Tineina II. 312/1 (heading) The small larva between the leaf-skins of Caprifolium.
1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet xxv. 281 Alpine rhododendrons..have very thick leaf-skins reinforced with silica.
2006 Human Ecol. 34 56 The outer layer of the leaf skin was used to make paper.
leaf soil n. soil containing a high proportion of decayed leaves; leaf mould.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > mould > leaf mould
leaf mould1794
leaf soil1833
1833 Gardener's Mag. 9 300 I then make a bed, under a south wall, of equal parts of loam, leaf soil, and sand.
1872 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 21 Mar. 262/1 Leaf soil decays with age, and finally becomes vegetable soil.
1990 Garden Answers Nov. 45/3 The soil in the main part of the rockery should be two parts good top spit loam, one part peat or leaf soil and one part chicken grit.
leaf spinach n. spinach in the form of whole loose leaves (now often of a broad flat shape).
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1846 Morning Post 22 Apr. 7/5 Leaf spinach, 1s. 6d.
1928 Washington Post 27 May 7/3 Smoking hot leaf-spinach and a thin slice of gluten toast.
1986 E. L. Ortiz From Tables Brit. 169 1 cup loosely packed leaf spinach.
2011 P. Robinson Delta Solution 282 Dinner at the captain's table consisted of oysters and smoked salmon followed by baby lamb chops with new potatoes and leaf spinach.
leaf spine n. a spine on the margin of a leaf; a spine that is a modified leaf.
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1847 G. W. Johnson & J. Barnes Pine Apple (Gardener's Monthly Vol.) 41 Surinam, Striped..Leaf spines small.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 215 Leaf-spines are leaves which have developed into long, conical, pointed, woody bodies.
1931 W. Trelease Winter Bot. (ed. 3) 151 Small very twiggy and spiny shrubs, the triangular leaf-spines persistent.
2004 Ann. Rev. Ecol. 35 643 Woody plants with leaf spines and canopy-stored seed were more common.
leaf spot n. any of numerous plant diseases caused chiefly by fungi, characterized by dark spots on the foliage (frequently attributive); a spot on a leaf so affected.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > of or having fungal disease
rustyc1503
smutty1597
smutched1620
slaina1642
smutty1667
sooty1697
rusted1763
spurred1763
smutted1766
leaf spot1846
fly-speck1855
ergotized1860
tagged1892
mummied1893
mummified1895
conky1905
rhynchosporium1918
Alternaria1924
Sigatoka1925
pasmo1926
sclerotinia1926
oak wilt1942
silver-leaf1946
wildfire1971
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > various diseases
footrot1706
botrytis1751
leaf spot1846
winter rot1857
leaf blotch1860
downy mildew1886
sun scald1896
Septoria1897
spike-disease1906
fusarium rot1907
hadromycosis1916
verticillium wilt1916
wilt1916
die-off1918
rhynchosporium1918
shoestring rot1931
vascular wilt (disease)1946
1846 14th Ann. Rep. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 127 Soon therefore after the appearance of the leaf-spot, stains appear on the stalks.
1908 Jrnl. South-Eastern Agric. College, Wye 17 316 (title) Leaf-spot diseases of the apple.
1951 New Biol. 11 78 The leaf-spot disease of bananas..was not recorded in the western tropics until 1934.
2014 Sun (Nexis) 1 Mar. 51 Leaf spot is worse on starved plants.
leaf spring n. a spring consisting of a number of flexible strips of metal curved slightly upwards (occasionally, one such strip) and clamped together one above the other, each strip being longer than the one beneath; cf. sense 6c.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > spring
spring1428
sprent1511
gin1591
resort1598
worm1724
worm-spring1730
scape-spring1825
leaf spring1855
blade-spring1863
nest spring1866
tension spring1877
coil spring1890
1855 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1854: Arts & Manuf. I. 365 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: U.S. House of Representatives Executive Doc. 59, Pt. 1) VII To the upper surface of the bar are attached two leaf springs.
1905 R. T. Sloss Bk. Automobile vi. 123 Leaf-springs seem to give the best results in automobile construction.
1976 Leicester Mercury 16 July 1/1 (advt.) Car trailer, full lighting board, leaf spring suspension, £90 o.n.o.
2014 AutoWeek 21 July 14/1 It was still a comparatively dated design, with body-on-frame construction, a live axle and rear leaf springs.
leaf springing n. the use of leaf springs; suspension incorporating leaf springs.
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1923 Illustr. London News 21 Apr. 670 (advt.) Potholes are smoothed out by the efficient leaf springing.
1958 Times 26 Sept. 6/4 Air suspension is confined mostly to passenger-carrying vehicles, for the normal leaf springing is considered satisfactory for goods vehicles.
2013 Manuwatu (N.Z.) Standard (Nexis) 31 May 20 The big Holden does make some concession to a need to provide a better on-road ride..by having a coil-spring rear axle rather than leaf springing.
leaf-sprung adj. fitted with leaf springs.
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1912 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 28 Dec. 3 (advt.) The Indian Motocycle is now leaf-sprung fore and aft.
1973 Times 4 Oct. 43/3 All the cars have a leaf sprung back axle.
1998 Off Road & 4 Wheel Drive Feb. 9/1 Almost all big 4×4s, with the exception of the low, leaf-sprung Jeep Cherokee, could be difficult to control in such conditions.
leaf succulent n. a plant having thick fleshy leaves adapted for storing water.
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1897 J. C. Willis Man. Flowering Plants I. 182 In the leaf-succulents the leaves are thick and fleshy, are usually closely packed, and provided with thick cuticle, sunk stomata, &c.
1969 Jrnl. Ecol. 57 707 Leaf-succulent rosette plants..are a feature of both arid north-west Brazil and the cold Andean Puna.
2003 E. van Jaarsveld in Illustr. Handbk. Succulent Plants: Crassulaceae 355/1 Tylecodon are popular winter-growing and summer-flowering stem and leaf succulents which must be kept dry during summer.
leaf surface n. the surface area of a single leaf or the cumulative surface area of the leaves of a tree, plant, etc.; either of the flat surfaces of a leaf blade.
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the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > phyllosphere
leaf surface1843
leaf area1870
phyllosphere1955
phylloplane1965
1843 Trans. N.-Y. State Agric. Soc. 1842 2 102 Roots..rely for their development mainly on a large extent of leaf surface.
1941 Farmers Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1891 2 On the upper leaf surface the spots are first purplish in color.
1991 Economist 26 Oct. 144 The far more numerous needles of conifers provide trees with more leaf surface.
2015 A. Goudie & H. Viles Landscapes & Landforms Namibia iv. 47/2 Transpiration is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces.
leaf table n. a table with a hinged, sliding, or removable leaf (in sense 7d).
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > table with leaf or flap
folded table1504
leaf table1570
Pembroke1778
fly-table1785
flap table1833
Sutherland table1879
gate-table1904
1570 in V. Chinnery Oak Furnit. (1979) 303 My leaf table of peartree.
1768 J. Trusler Hogarth Moralized 6 An old leaf-table, covered with the filthy equipage of her night's debauch.
1845 Colonial Mag. 6 221 They are well lighted with gas, and generally provided with fixed tables which let down—leaf tables, I believe the carpenters term them.
1991 R. A. Schrader Kallaloo p. viii I remember the time when the leaf table..and the four poster mahogany bedstead graced the Crucian home.
2013 D. P. H. Eaton Union 240 Against a plain wooden wall, there was a leaf table and two straight-back chairs.
leaf-tailed adj. designating various cryptically coloured geckos having a broad tail shaped like a leaf, esp. those of the Australian genera Phyllurus and Saltuarius and the Madagascan genus Uroplatus.
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1858 A. M. Redfield Zoöl. Sci. 488 The Leaf-Tailed Gecko..is a curious New Holland species.
1909 Queensland Naturalist 31 Dec. 109 These Australian leaf-tailed lizards, although rare, were, in the case of one species—Phyllurus platurus—early in colonial history brought under notice.
2014 Guardian 23 May 19 (caption) The top 10 new species chosen by a panel of experts from a total of 18,000 discoveries in 2014 include,..Kaweesak's dragon tree (Burma/Thailand), Cape Melville leaf-tailed gecko (Australia), domed land snail (Croatia).
leaf teeth n. the tooth-like projections on the margins of many leaves (cf. dentate adj.); (formerly also) the tentacles on the surface of a sundew leaf.
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1859 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands (1864) 78 This species is very variable: in the more or less developed spreading hairs of the stem and petioles, the leaf-teeth..and the hairs covering them being short or elongated.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 374 The leaf-teeth of Drosera... The leaf of species of Drosera..has at its edge and on its entire upper surface numerous filiform teeth with broadened ends.
2013 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 174 27 Leaf glands in Prunus species may occur as raised structures on the leaf margin, as flattened structures on the abaxial surface, or at the tips of leaf teeth.
leaf tendril n. Botany a tendril formed by the extended midrib of a leaf.
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1866 Pop. Sci. Rev. 5 65 Leaf-tendril, of natural size.
1877 A. W. Bennett tr. O. W. Thomé Text-bk. Struct. & Physiol. Bot. iv. 109 Accordingly as they belong to the stem as in the vine..or to the leaf as in the tare, they are called stem- or leaf-tendrils.
1948 G. D. H. Bell Cultivated Plants Farm xii. 103 The plants..rely on leaf tendrils to attach themselves to any convenient support.
2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1204/1 The axial elements include the petiole,..and any leaf tendrils that are present.
leaf thorn n. Botany a thorn that is a modified leaf; cf. leaf spine n.
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1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. ii. 564 The power of Dicotyledons to develop from their foliage-leaves organs of the most diverse functions..is seen in a very striking manner in the common occurrence of leaf-tendrils and leaf-thorns [Ger. Blattdornen].
1942 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69 332 She also..[demonstrated] the power of root formation in modified leaves such as leaf-thorns.
2014 E. E. Farmer Leaf Def. iii. 62 Other parts of the plant surface near the leaf thorns were not used as controls in this study.
leaf tin n. now rare = tinfoil n.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > tinfoil
tinfoil1467
leaf tin1611
looking-glass tin1685
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orpel,..a kind of leafe-tinne.
1753 B. Franklin Let. 12 Apr. in Wks. (1887) II. 287 Leaf tin..is best to coat them [sc. electrical jars] with.
1826 A. Lister Diary 29 June in No Priest but Love (1992) 178 About ½ hour undergoing the operation of having the tooth filled with leaf tin.
1975 M. B. Rowlands Masters & Men 35 The locksmiths..spread leaf tin on to the heated articles using resin.
leaf tobacco n. tobacco chiefly composed of loose whole leaves; (now also) cut or shredded tobacco sold loose in a pouch or tin.
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > tobacco leaf
leaf1595
leaf tobacco1600
1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood vi. 77 Out upon Cane and leafe Tabacco smell.
1747 Inventory John Laurens Estate 12 Sept. in H. Laurens Papers (1968) I. 369 230 lb. Carolina Leaf Tobacco at 1/.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 204 Tobacco..the raw material, as imported with the stalk on it, known as ‘leaf’, or ‘unstemmed’, tobacco.
1977 Navy News Feb. 6/6 The hair on the nape of the neck was bound in yarns... In my days we rolled leaf tobacco in a similar way.
2008 S. Mehta Marketing to Win i. 4 Leaf tobacco..is an agri-product whose production and quality depend on several climatic and soil conditions.
leaf trace n. [after German Blattspur (J. Hanstein 1858, in Jahrb. f. wissensch. Bot. 1 242)] Botany an extension of conducting vessels from the vascular bundle of a stem into a leaf.
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1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 431 We have here ‘common’ bundles [of Phanerogams], each of which has one arm that ascends and bends out into the leaf, and another which descends and runs down into the stem; the latter is called by Hanstein the ‘inner leaf-trace’ [Ger. innere Blattspur].
1910 Bot. Gaz. 50 413 A forking leaf trace and even a large leaf blade may occur in the lycopsid series.
2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1190/1 Stipules may be served by separate stipular traces and/or by vascular branches of the leaf traces.
† leaf turner n. Obsolete (a) humorous a reader of a book; (b) a person who or device which turns the pages of a book; cf. page turner n. at page n.2 Compounds 2.
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1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 212 Where then were all your Leaf-turners?
1782 J. Elphinston in tr. Martial Epigrams Contents p. xxiii/1 On Picens: the leaf-turner.
1835 J. Blakiston Twenty Years in Retirement I. 172 He might be within reach of her charms, vocal and personal—for the contemplation of which latter no position can be better than that of a leaf-turner.
1922 Pop. Mech. Nov. 673/2 This leaf turner is operated by pressure of the fingers of one hand.
leaf valve n. †(a) Botany = stoma n. 2 (Obsolete); (b) Mechanics a valve which controls fluid flow by means of a hinged or pivoting flap.
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1814 Philos. Mag. 43 81 This causes a momentary vacuum, which opens the innumerable leaf-valves of the plant.
1855 Technologisches Wörterbuch II. 290/2 Leaf valve, Flap valve, Clack-valve, s. (a valve of leather with a hinge joint).
1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 1878–9 28 60 The true relations which subsist between the electrical disturbance, followed by the shutting of the leaf-valves of Dionœa and the latent change of protoplasm which precedes this operation.
1922 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 31/3 It is a good plan, when remodeling the air supply duct, to provide both outside and inside inlets with a leaf valve.
2007 Jrnl. Avian Med. & Surg. 21 32/2 Leaf valves prevented gas flow through the cannulae.
leaf vegetable n. any of various plants whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable.
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1821 A. D. Campbell Dict. Teloogoo Lang. 175/2 [In Teloogoo] green produce..is divided into the..leaf vegetables..or those of which the produce assumes the shape of a head, pod, or fruit.
1888 Amer. Garden Jan. 17/2 The Leaf vegetables, as the cabbage, lettuce, spinach, etc.
1933 Arcadia (Calif.) Tribune 8 Dec. 3/3 The agricultural commissioner..has issued the following rules regarding insecticides on leaf vegetables.
1972 Financial Times 1 May 37/5 Vegetables are usually the same as elsewhere with but few exceptions like the callaloo, a leaf vegetable similar to spinach.
2004 M. Hazan Marcella Says 19 Cooking leaf vegetables is easy—they are done when they become completely limp.
leaf warbler n. any of numerous small, slender Old World warblers constituting the genus Phylloscopus, having a brown or greenish back and whitish or yellowish underparts, and feeding chiefly among foliage.Leaf warblers include the chiffchaff and willow warbler. They have traditionally been placed in the family Sylviidae but are now often assigned to their own family, Phylloscopidae.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Phylloscopus > other types of
wood-wren1794
leaf warbler1857
1857 Nat. Hist. Rev. 4 14 Phyllopseustæ, Leaf Warblers; sibilatrix, trochilus, rufa, bonellii.
1926 T. A. Coward Birds Brit. Isles 122 (heading) The Leaf-Warblers.
1974 Lady 2 May 622/3 Linnaeus did not distinguish all three common leaf-warblers.
2011 New Yorker 24 Oct. 31/3 The plain leaf warbler looks almost exactly like the willow warbler, except the willow warbler is eleven centimetres long.
leaf wasp n. a sawfly (suborder Symphyta), which has larvae that feed on plants.
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1838 Entomol. Mag. Apr. 356 The Families of Leaf Wasps.
1905 J. Hoffmann Amateur Gardener's Rose Bk. vii. 112 The larvæ of different kinds of leaf-wasps are found in the stems of roses.
2007 R. Piper Extraordinary Animals vi. 195 (caption) A hungry caterpillar edges closer to the eggs of a leaf wasp.
leaf work n. ornamental work made to resemble a leaf or leaves, or having a pattern of leaves. [Compare Middle Dutch loofwerc (Dutch loofwerk ), Middle Low German lōfwerk , German Laubwerk (16th cent.) and also Middle French, French feuillage (mid 14th cent.: see foliage n.). Compare foliage n. 2.]
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > foliage
maple leaf1394
vinea1400
vinet1412
traila1423
garlandc1524
foilery1527
wreath?1586
leaf work1592
foliage1598
sprig1613
branching1652
leafage1658
leafing1688
acanthus leaf1703
feuillage1714
sprigging1775
foliature1814
pampre1842
palmette1850
vine-scroll1886
olive acanthus1888
foliage-border1891
branched work-
1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 59 An old fashioned vessell of pure gold.., full of curious workmanshippe and leafe worke [It. pieno di miraueglioso artificio defrondato].
1724 Persian Cromwell viii. 190 The Anti-chamber..is adorn'd within with Painting in Relievo, and a great deal of Leaf work.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Children Lord's Supper 33 Bright-curling tresses of angels Peeped..from out of the shadowy leaf-work.
1937 Burlington Mag. Aug. 69/1 Decorated with the famous leafwork.
2013 A. Peters Ship Decoration 194/1 Two had a length of 6 feet with a width of 3 feet, decorated with palm branches and leaf work.
leaf worm n. [Compare early modern German loupwurm (15th cent.)] a caterpillar or other larva that feeds on leaves; (in recent use also) the red earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus, which feeds on decomposing leaves and other organic material.In early use translating Latin aerugo aerugo n. in its post-classical sense with reference to plants, which was often confused with eruca eruca n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > larva > that eats or destroys plants
leaf wormOE
wortworma1382
cole-worm1468
cole-wort worm1552
devil's gold ring1552
canker-blossom1600
peach-worm1814
knife-worm1860
hop-dog1872
nettle grub1890
OE Stowe Psalter lxxvii. 46 Et dedit erugini fructus eorum et labores eorum locustę : & he sealde leafwyrme [OE Cambridge Psalter treowyrme uel emele] wæstm heora & geswinc heora gærstapan.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxvii. 51 (MED) He ȝaf her frute to þe lef-worme [L. ærugini], and her trauails to þe grashope.
1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. ij The water docke leyf worme and the hornet worme.
1828 Amer. Farmer 11 Jan. 338/3 The leaf worm; green, large and ravenous; he can eat up nearly a whole full grown leaf in a day.
1971 R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) xii. 347 Notorious defoliators include the cotton leafworm,..cabbage looper, and cotton leaf perforator.
2007 New Scientist 3 Mar. 43/2 The leaf worm, Lumbricus rubellus, which is partial to leaf fragments, can chew the stuffing out of the duff mattress in a single season.

Derivatives

leaf-like adj. resembling (that of) a leaf; characteristic of a leaf.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > other specific shapes > [adjective] > like (a) leaf or leaves
leaf-like1688
leaf-shaped1798
foliaceous1828
leaved1834
1688 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Mem. Nat. Hist. Animals 226 The External Surface of the Colon and Cæcum were uneven, with some very regular Bosses... These Bosses were formed by some leaf-like Ligaments.
1771 J. Whitaker Hist. Manch. I. ii. 48 The angular triangular and leaf-like points of Antoninus's inscriptions.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cii. 54 Of her consuming cheek the autumnal leaf-like red.
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 17 The swords of the Bronze age..are always more or less leaf-like in shape.
1938 W. de la Mare Memory & Other Poems 84 Her foot-step is leaf-like, Light as air.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia III. 353/1 The individual moss plant that one usually observes is the green plant with narrow leaflike phyllids.
2011 R. Fortey Survivors vi. 184 The flower itself is distinguished only by tiny, spirally arranged coloured tiny leaf-like lobes (so-called tepals).
leafmeal adv. [ < leaf n.1 + -meal suffix] one leaf at a time; with leaves fallen one by one; cf. piecemeal adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adverb] > with leaves coloured or fallen
autumnallya1745
leafmealc1880
c1880 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 89 Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie.
1976 D. Ackerman Planets 120 My potted holly, dying leafmeal from red-spider, basked in its antidote.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

leafn.2

Brit. /liːf/, U.S. /lif/
Forms: 1800s– leaf, 1900s– leef.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: leave n.1
Etymology: Representing a colloquial or nonstandard pronunciation of leave n.1 (compare α. forms at that entry).
Military slang. Now rare.
Leave of absence, furlough; = leave n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > leave of absence > for armed forces
furlough1631
leaf1846
weekend leave1924
1846 Punch 3 Jan. 10/2 The shabby Capting (who seames to git leaf from his ridgmint whenhever he likes).
1904 R. Kipling in Windsor Mag. Dec. 4/1 What a lot of 'ard work one misses on leaf!
1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin viii. 124 Wot's the good o' seven days' leaf ter a bloke wot ain't got no money?
1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 107 Leaf, a corruption of Leave—leave of absence... A sailor goes ‘on leaf’ and never on furlough.
2012 C. Moore Roger, Sausage & Whippet 169 The Army's 63rd Division..persisted in its naval traditions. Its men did not go on leaf, they went ashore.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

leafv.

Brit. /liːf/, U.S. /lif/
Forms: see leaf n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: leaf n.1
Etymology: < leaf n.1 Compare earlier leave v.2 Compare also leafing n., leafing adj.In sense 1a apparently originally after French †fueiller (first half of the 12th cent. in Old French; now feuiller).
1.
a. intransitive. Of a plant, esp. a deciduous tree or shrub in spring: to put out new leaves. Cf. earlier leave v.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > have leaves [verb (intransitive)] > grow leaves or be in leaf
leavec1300
blade1601
leaf1611
infoliate1640
foliate1775
frondescea1816
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fueiller, to leafe; or leaue; to beare, or bring forth leaues.
1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 154 Some of the Side-ones just before they leaf, may be pruned away to keep their Heads thin.
1761 B. Stillingfleet Cal. Flora Pref. p. v I marked the day of the month on which certain trees leafed.
1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Eclogues iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 19 Now leaf the woods.
1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 24 By making the bulbs leaf in a reserved ground.
1905 Academy 18 Nov. 1198/1 Down in Red Shot Coppice when shaws were leafing gay, I took his bunch of purples and I charmed his heart away!
1959 Home Encycl. 124 The honeysuckle is useful as a climber having..the advantage of leafing early.
2011 Daily Tel. 26 Apr. 13/6 The last year that ash trees were recorded as having leafed before oaks was in 1953.
b. intransitive. U.S. With out.
ΚΠ
1832 New Eng. Farmer 28 Mar. 289/2 I think most of them will leaf out, blossom, and perhaps bear some unhealthy fruit.
1837 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. i. 19 The gooseberry bushes are beginning to leaf out.
1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table xi. 369 There it stood..leafing out hopefully in April.
1905 36th Ann. Rep. Nebraska Hort. Soc. 140 When the trees were leafing out and then again when the cherries were setting.
1970 Ecol. Monogr. 40 9/2 The deciduous shrubs leafed out..and forbs, such as Bahia absinthifolia, put up shoots and bloomed.
2005 B. Keating & S. Keating Blood Sisters (2006) xxix. 567 Hannah felt a catch in her throat as she saw the shrubs she had planted, leafing out with greedy energy around the bedroom doors.
2. To go through (the pages of a book, the papers in a pile, etc.), reading them in a cursory or casual manner. Chiefly in to leaf through, to leaf over. Also figurative.
a. transitive. With over. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > reading > [verb (transitive)] > skim or browse or skip
skip1526
launch1570
to run over1577
rufflea1631
leaf1663
to run through1670
to dip into1682
skim1739
thumb-read1825
browse1903
thumb1930
riffle1938
riff1942
skim-read1954
skip-read1977
1663 G. Mackenzie Religio Stoici 138 Children, who love to leaf over taliduce Pictures.
1764 C. F. Esberger Jrnl. 11 Sept. (1902) 20 Leafed the Bible over.., which was printed over 140 Years ago.
1867 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 21 Sept. He went to the leader of the band, and asked for his portfolio; then, leafing over till he came to an inspiring march, he said: ‘Play that!’
1897 M. H. Stine Niemans xxix. 251 He leafed over the entries Felix had been making.
1936 J. G. Cozzens Men & Brethren II. 175 Ernest..leafed over the remaining letters.
1994 A. Boissonneau Sudden Brightness 52 Sat leafing over the pages of drawings.
2013 H. Kushina Last Will xxix. 116 Leafing over, it is only 100 in pages, a thin book for her.
b. intransitive. Followed by a prepositional phrase with through. (Now the usual construction.)
ΚΠ
1872 Dubuque (Iowa) Herald 6 Apr. We had the pleasure of leafing through a volume of Twain's new book.
1929 Publishers' Weekly 19 Oct. 1928/2 There are..plenty of people who..like to leaf through a book before buying.
1960 ‘R. East’ Kingston Black x. 98 She went on leafing through the transcript.
1981 G. Swift Shuttlecock x. 69 The papers I sometimes surreptitiously leafed through on their desks.
2014 N. Loss S.P.A.R.K.L.E. 67 I eagerly took this book home and began to leaf through the pages, in search of my latest spiritual wisdom.
c. transitive. With through as an adverb. Also occasionally intransitive.
ΚΠ
1888 Canad. Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 118 58/2 I did not untie them for that purpose, but I leafed through to take my memorandum.
1905 Critique Aug. 298 First leaf the book through, examining all the rubrics.
1971 I. Murdoch Accidental Man 321 When the policeman had gone Garth eagerly pulled the novel out. He leafed it through.
2001 P. C. K. Prem Handsome Man xxxi. 219 ‘Did you read my letters, diaries..?’ ‘Yes, I leafed them through.’
d. transitive. Without adverbial complement. Also occasionally intransitive.
ΚΠ
1888 Advance (Chicago) 9 Aug. This man in front of me who is leafing the hymn-book.
1936 L. C. Douglas White Banners xi. 245 He found the book, opened it on the table and leafed to the pictures he had found most amusing.
1985 J. Merrill Late Settings ii. 46 A further figure..sits in the ferny alcove leafing a book of words.
2007 G. L. Herries Davies Whatever is Under Earth v. 155 We turn again to leaf the pages of that 1892 volume of the journal.
3.
a. transitive. poetic. To cover or adorn with foliage or vegetation. rare.
ΚΠ
1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii I. i. viii. 161 Mine every dream that leafs the lonely glade.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 670 The wood that leafs the hill-side.
1957 R. A. Lattimore Poems ii. 35 Where are the slopes that leafed and shaded young delights.
†b. transitive. Of a plant: to shroud or encumber (another plant) with its foliage. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1846 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 ii. 592 The requisites [of the pea] are early ripening, short and delicate bine, which will not leaf or house the turnips too much.
†4. transitive. To number (a leaf of a book). Cf. foliate v. 5, folio v. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > number, calculate, or reckon [verb (transitive)] > number pages
page1628
folie1697
foliate1846
paginate1858
leaf1875
folio1897
society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [verb (transitive)] > number leaves or pages
page1628
folie1697
foliate1846
paginate1858
leaf1875
folio1897
1875 F. J. Furnivall in F. Thynne Animaduersions p. xlii Qq iii is leaft or folio'd Fo. CC.xix.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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