| 释义 |
lettucen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French letuse, letues, letue. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman letuse (13th cent. or earlier), inferred singular of letues, plural of letue, leitue, lettue (c1130; compare Old French, Middle French, French laitue , Middle French, French †laictue ) < classical Latin lactūca lettuce ( < lact- , lac milk (see lacto- comb. form) + -ūca, suffix forming nouns), so called with reference to the milky juice of the plant. Compare Old Occitan lachuga, Catalan lletuga (14th cent.), Spanish lechuga (c1250), Italian lattuga (a1363; 1310 as †latuga).Although Palsgrave (1530) records lectus as a Middle French variant of laitue , neither such a form nor any forms with final -s(e are attested in continental French. Occasional instances of post-classical Latin letusa in British sources (1414, c1475) apparently show an adaptation of the English word; compare e.g.:?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 787/15 Hec letusa, letuse. Forms with medial -ct- (see γ. forms) are influenced by the ulterior etymon classical Latin lactūca; compare Middle French lactue, laictue (14th–15th cent.). It is unlikely that such forms show a survival of early Middle English lactuce (see below). Compare Old English leahtric, lehtric, lectric, and lactuc, lactuca, lactuce, representing respectively an early borrowing and a later reborrowing of classical Latin lactūca (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§495, 541.4, 544.2, 545); both words survived into early Middle English in late copies of material of (probably) Old English composition; compare:eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 268 Lactuca, þuðistel, leahtric.eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xvi. 194 Him is nyt þæt he hlaf þicgen [read þicge] on cealdum wætre oððe on ecede..& wyrta & lactucas, þæt is leahtric, & mealwan & hænne flæsc næs swiþe gesoden.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xv. 150 Etan siððan ðæs lambes flæsc gebræd, and ðeorfe hlafas mid feldlicere lactucan.OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 146 Sarrabum, wilde lactuce.OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) 7 (table of contents) Herba lactuca siluatica þæt is wudulectric.OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) 19 (table of contents) Herba lactuca leporina þæt is lactuca.OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. i. 126 Þæt wat eall ceorlisc folc þæt grene lactucas beoð bitere.a1200 ( Laud Plant Gloss. 47 Lactuca siluatica, wydelectric.?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 29 Nim betan ane handfulle and lactucan ane handfulle. The Latin noun was also borrowed into other Germanic languages at an early date; compare Middle Dutch lacteke, lachteke (Dutch latuw), Middle Low German lattuke, lattike, Old High German lattuh, lattuhha, lattih, latihha (Middle High German latech, lattech, lattich, etc., German Lattich). 1. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > lettuce the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > lettuce c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 598 in C. Horstmann (1887) 18 A fair herbe, þat men cleopez letuse. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xcii. 982 Letuse hatte lactuca... Þerof is double kynde, wilde and tame. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 351 (MED) Make poudre..& distempere it wiþ þe iuys of lactuce & plaunteyn. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 176 Letuce is to be sette in Ianyueer. 1480 (Caxton) (1964) 12 Yet ben in the gardynes..Letews porselane. 1539 T. Elyot (new ed.) 39 Breade steped in white brothe, with sodden lettyse, or cykorie, are good to be vsed. 1562 W. Turner f. 26 Muche vse of lettes hurteth the eysight. 1566 W. Painter I. viii. f. 24 When the yonge lactuse beginne to growe, I cutte of the bitter and sower stalkes from the same. 1614 J. Cooke L 3 b Did I eate any Lettice to supper last night, that I am so sleepie. 1651–3 Bp. J. Taylor (1678) 108 A dish of Lettice and a clear Fountain can cool all my Heat. 1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus 100 It is very fine Broth which he is served up in; the Lettice are very choyce ones. 1733 A. Pope ii. i. 7 If your Point be Rest, [take] Lettuce and Cowslip Wine. 1776 R. Edmeades Dec. 91 Examine Cauliflowers and Lettuces under frames, pull off decayed leaves and stir up the earth betwixt them with your fingers. 1821 17 318 Among others, the Lactuca sativa, or common garden lettuce, had long been known to possess narcotic properties. 1828 C. McIntosh 123 The crops of lettuce sown upon slight hot-beds will be ready by the end of the month to plant out in sheltered places. 1876 J. Harley (ed. 6) 540 Lettuce has glaucous vertical leaves. 1905 H. W. Collingwood i. 7 Garden lettuce is a narcotic; it induces quiet and actually helps those who cannot sleep if eaten at night. 1930 A. Ransome vi. 71 Mother says I must give you plenty of lettuces and peas and things, or else you'll all get scurvy. 1988 J. Allen (1989) iv. 42 She tweezed up some lettuce with the wooden tongs and dropped it onto my plate. 2008 May–June 43/1 Thin any succession plantings of lettuce, beets and Swiss chard. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > other leaves 1597 J. Gerard ii. 229 The stalk of hares lettuce or smooth Sowthistle, is oftentimes a cubite high. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins ii. iv. §3. 71 Sea-lettice. 1746 W. Ellis I. May xxi. 161 In June, at a Distance, the Fields look as if all covered with spilt Milk; which is from a Flower, for that reason called Milk-Grass—(Lamb-Lettuce). 1830 J. Lindley 197 The young leaves of the species of Valerianella are eaten as salad, under the French name of Mâche, or the English one of Lamb's Lettuce. 1897 M. E. Parsons 16 Montia perfoliata... The succulent leaves and stems are greedily eaten by the Indians, from which it is called ‘Indian lettuce’. 1920 A. Arber xvii. 213 In Africa, the River Lettuce, Pistia Stratiotes, plays a similar part to the Water Hyacinth of America in hindering navigation. 1945 1 June 561/1 Common wildflowers such as redmaids and miner's lettuce. 1979 No. 11. 55/1 Branch Lettuce (Saxifraga nicranthidifolia) is a plant with four-to-eight-inch, shiny green, succulent leaves with scalloped edges. 1996 R. Mabey 363/1 Wall lettuce, Mycelis muralis, is quite common on shady banks and walls and in open woods. 2006 A. G. van der Valk vii. 139 Water hyacinth..and Water lettuce (Pistia stratiodes) are two other common invasive species that are common in canals. a1540 R. Barnes (1573) 189/1 No doubt the prouerbe is true, such lippes such lectuse, such saintes such miracles. 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. 1017/2 Like lips like lettice, as is their cause, so are the rulers. 1589 R. Greene sig. L2v He lefte such lettice as were too fine for his lips. 1599 H. Buttes To Rdrs. sig. Aav Here are Lettuses for euery mans lips. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xlv. 367 Sic lipps, sic lattouce; lordis and lownes. 1619 To Rdr. sig. A2v If he like not these Lettice, let him pull backe his lips. 1677 W. Hughes iii. iv. 140 Well, but the Lettice and the Lips do well together. 1713 C. Place ii. 158 The Devil knows..that the Lettice is fit for the Lips 'tis design'd for. 1897 Oct. 550 Shakespeare and Marlowe to the vile seem vile: Filths savour but themselves. Themselves, that is, and their Ibsens. ‘Like lips, like lettuce.’ society > trade and finance > money > [noun] 1903 K. E. Harriman 37 Unroll that bunch of lettuce you got in your mit and count out thirty-five bucks. 1932 J. Dos Passos 57 He still had more'n fifty iron men, quite a roll of lettuce for a guy like him. 1967 P. G. Wodehouse v. 84 How are you fixed for lettuce, Hank?.. Dough. Cash. Glue... Money. 1974 J. Wainwright 216 Any out-of-this-world luxury. Any service. Anything! You have the lettuce... Phoenicia Street can oblige. 1995 W. Friedwald (1997) x. 476 Trilogy was a smash hit, going gold in a matter of weeks.., which at $21 a pop added up to a lot of lettuce. the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [noun] > shade or tint of green > other greens 1963 1 June 115 These shirts..in..cedar, lettuce, navy or red. Compounds C1. General attributive. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie ii. vi. vi. 196 Those that will be good husbands may sow Radishes in their Lettuce Beds. 1788 tr. J. H. Campe II. vii. 4 To-day we have only been weeding and watering our lettuce beds. 1897 M. Kingsley 380 The fierce currents of the wet season..play great havoc with these lettuce beds. 1999 K. Oshiro 57 Carefully dig up the largest seedlings and transplant them into a lettuce bed. ?a1547 Ten Recipes Henry VIII in (1888) App. ix. 227 Nightshade leaves, lactuce leaves, henbayne leaves. 1675 J. Blagrave (new ed.) sig. H5v Be sure to give her [sc. a linnet] a Beet-Leaf, or Lettice-Leaf upon the day that you give her Plantain-Water. 1747 tr. J. Astruc 195 To fulfill the same intention, we may apply lettice-leaves to the patient's forehead. 1831 1 251 This lady had become convinced that silkworms could not safely be fed on lettuce leaves for a longer period than three weeks. 1911 F. M. Farmer iv. 84 Mix with Mayonnaise dressing, arrange in nests of lettuce leaves for individual service. 1995 A. Warner (1996) 200 I forked out the last potato salad then folded over the lettuce leaf holding it secure with the knife. 1440 J. Capgrave (1977) l. 2160 Lich a letuse seed, þei sey, was his mette. 1549–50 in J. B. Paul (1911) IX. 385 Tua unce of letteis seid, v s. 1683 W. Salmon iii. 660 Oyl of Lettice Seeds. 1713 W. Derham i. i. 9 Some Lettice-Seed being sown..in the open Air. 1806 B. M'Mahon 180 You may sow..different sorts of lettuce-seed. 1949 E. P. Abraham & H. W. Florey in H. W. Florey et al. I. vii. 306 Germination of lettuce seeds was entirely suppressed by a concentration of 1 in 20,000 of javanicin. 2001 Jan. 70/2 For fun, try packets of mixed red and green lettuce seed. C2. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > lettuce > types of lettuce the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > lettuce > types of 1731 1 408 Make Plantations of Lettuce Cabbage for Winter use. 1789 J. Abercrombie 176 To have lettuce cabbages in winter, sow some green Cos, Ægyptian, and cabbage lettuce, in the beginning and middle of August. 1774 23 May 1/1 Lettuce Juice, which supplies the place of laudanum without its mischief. 1832 E. Lankester 299 The narcotic property of lettuce-juice has been long familiarly known. 1915 Dec. 707/1 Internally the patient was given decoctions of lettuce juice, hemp, orchis root, water-lily, etc. 1997 N. J. Coney vii. 76 Liquefy, and weigh the lettuce juice, adding water to make 9 ounces. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > miscellaneous narcotic drugs from plants 1799 J. R. Coxe in 4 395 The quantity of extractive matter in the lettuce opium, is considerably greater than in the common. 1816 A. Duncan in (1819) II. 312 A substance..which I have denominated Lactucarium or Lettuce Opium. 1901 15 June 771/1 Lactucarium or lettuce opium is formed by the hardening of that fluid into yellowish-brown masses. 1999 S. Foster & V. E. Tyler (ed. 4) 237 Over the years, repeated attempts have been made to demonstrate sedative and painkilling effects in lettuce opium. 1575 G. Turberville 222 You must..bathe the perche, & also hir [sc. a hawk's] legges..wt Lettice water, or Nightshade water. 1704 tr. P. Dubé iii. i. 80 All these bruise in a Mortar with two Pugils of the Water of Lillies, and a little Rose or Lettuce-water. 1836 J. M. Gully tr. F. Magendie (ed. 2) 104 Lettuce water 4 ounces. 1910 A. C. Wootton I. xiii. 374 With plantain water it [sc. spirit of vitriol] was a remedy against diarrhœa; and with lettuce water it became a narcotic. 2004 M. Roberts viii. 75 Lettuce water will soothe sunburn and rough, wind-burned skin. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1300 |
