英语词汇“letters of reprisal”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

P1. letters (also commission) of reprisal(s): (originally) a licence granted by a monarch authorizing a subject to seize the subjects or property of a hostile nation in retaliation for loss or injury; (later) legal authority to fit out an armed vessel and use it in the capture of enemy merchant shipping and to commit acts which would otherwise have constituted piracy. See letter(s) of marque and reprisal at marque n.¹ 2a. Now historical.It remains possible under the United States Constitution for Congress to commission privateers by ‘letters of marque and reprisal’.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > letter or letters patent > letters of reprisal or marque

letter of marque1443

letters (also commission) of reprisal(s)1473

letter (also script, writ) of mart1587

1447 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1447 §16. m. 3 Graunte to youre saide besechers, letters of marc and reprisail, so that it may be lefull unto thayme to take..shippes..of everych liegeman of the..duc [of Brittany]..and theym to holde..as their awne.]

1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §2. m. 24 All maner promisses..made..by reason or occasion of any such sentence, jugement, lettres of marque or reprisale..be voide.

1561 Proclam. Elizabeth I 21 July (single sheet) Vpon pretence of certayne olde letters of reprisalles, diuers lewde and disordered Englyshe men, are thought to resorte and accompany the sayde Scottyshmen vpon the Seas.

1591 Art. conc. Admiralty 21 July §56 All such that contrary to their Commissions of reprisall, haue caried any prizes by them taken into Barbary, Fraunce [etc.].

1619 Sir R. Naunton in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 88 They have bene forced to sue for lettres of reprisal, and have obteined leave under the Great Seale to repaire theyr losses from the subjects of those nacions by whom they were formerly spoiled.

1669 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 456 Letters of reprisals against the Dutch..should be granted.

1680 London Gaz. No. 1573/4 A Vessel fitted out as a Privatier..boarded her and took her (pretending they had Letters of Reprizall).

1713 T. Brodrick Compl. Hist. Late War 444 That no Letters of this Kind be hereafter Granted..unless the Petition of him, who desires the Grant of Letters of Reprisal, be exhibited.

1784 G. Chalmers Opinions Interesting Subj. Public Law 159 Judgements against apparent right are considered by every law as sufficient causes for granting letters of reprizal.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 450 The king of Scotland..having granted letters of reprisal against the Portuguese to three brothers.

1861 H. WE. Halleck Internat. Law xii. 310 Letters of reprisal may, therefore, issue not only to a subject, by birth or naturalization, but also to a foreigner domiciled in the country.

1911 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 560 An original commission of reprisal granted by the governor of St. Jago de Cuba, in accordance with the orders of the Queen of Spain.

1931 J. A. Williamson Short Hist. Brit. Expansion (Amer. ed.) ii. i. 43 Both governments also agreed to revoke all letters of reprisals for injuries on the sea.

2005 S. C. Neff Legal Inst. of War ii. 80 It was observed that letters of reprisal typically permitted property seizures only within the territorial jurisdiction of the issuing sovereign.

单词	letters of reprisal
释义	> as lemmas letters (also commission) of reprisal(s) P1. letters (also commission) of reprisal(s): (originally) a licence granted by a monarch authorizing a subject to seize the subjects or property of a hostile nation in retaliation for loss or injury; (later) legal authority to fit out an armed vessel and use it in the capture of enemy merchant shipping and to commit acts which would otherwise have constituted piracy. See letter(s) of marque and reprisal at marque n.¹ 2a. Now historical.It remains possible under the United States Constitution for Congress to commission privateers by ‘letters of marque and reprisal’. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > letter or letters patent > letters of reprisal or marque letter of marque1443 letters (also commission) of reprisal(s)1473 letter (also script, writ) of mart1587 1447 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1447 §16. m. 3 Graunte to youre saide besechers, letters of marc and reprisail, so that it may be lefull unto thayme to take..shippes..of everych liegeman of the..duc [of Brittany]..and theym to holde..as their awne.] 1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §2. m. 24 All maner promisses..made..by reason or occasion of any such sentence, jugement, lettres of marque or reprisale..be voide. 1561 Proclam. Elizabeth I 21 July (single sheet) Vpon pretence of certayne olde letters of reprisalles, diuers lewde and disordered Englyshe men, are thought to resorte and accompany the sayde Scottyshmen vpon the Seas. 1591 Art. conc. Admiralty 21 July §56 All such that contrary to their Commissions of reprisall, haue caried any prizes by them taken into Barbary, Fraunce [etc.]. 1619 Sir R. Naunton in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 88 They have bene forced to sue for lettres of reprisal, and have obteined leave under the Great Seale to repaire theyr losses from the subjects of those nacions by whom they were formerly spoiled. 1669 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 456 Letters of reprisals against the Dutch..should be granted. 1680 London Gaz. No. 1573/4 A Vessel fitted out as a Privatier..boarded her and took her (pretending they had Letters of Reprizall). 1713 T. Brodrick Compl. Hist. Late War 444 That no Letters of this Kind be hereafter Granted..unless the Petition of him, who desires the Grant of Letters of Reprisal, be exhibited. 1784 G. Chalmers Opinions Interesting Subj. Public Law 159 Judgements against apparent right are considered by every law as sufficient causes for granting letters of reprizal. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 450 The king of Scotland..having granted letters of reprisal against the Portuguese to three brothers. 1861 H. WE. Halleck Internat. Law xii. 310 Letters of reprisal may, therefore, issue not only to a subject, by birth or naturalization, but also to a foreigner domiciled in the country. 1911 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 560 An original commission of reprisal granted by the governor of St. Jago de Cuba, in accordance with the orders of the Queen of Spain. 1931 J. A. Williamson Short Hist. Brit. Expansion (Amer. ed.) ii. i. 43 Both governments also agreed to revoke all letters of reprisals for injuries on the sea. 2005 S. C. Neff Legal Inst. of War ii. 80 It was observed that letters of reprisal typically permitted property seizures only within the territorial jurisdiction of the issuing sovereign. extracted from reprisaln. < as lemmas
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