单词 | leer |
释义 | † leern.1 Obsolete. 1. The cheek. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > cheek > [noun] wangc975 leerc1000 cheekOE haffet1513 jowl1668 chap1709 gena1826 c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 86 Gif hwylcum weargbræde weaxe on þam nosum oððe on þam hleore. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 157/8 Malae, hleor. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15105 Urnen þa teres uppen þes kinges leores. a1300 Floriz & Bl. 501 Þe tieres glide of hire lere. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2918 The heu is swilk in hire ler, So the rose in roser. 13.. Metr. Hom. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 57 273 As he eode wiþ leores weete. c1330 Spec. Gy Warw. 842 Of þin eiȝen þe hote teres Þat goþ adoun bi þine leres. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) v. xiv ‘Mala’ is þe lower, and in þe face ben twey lewres þat schetteþ in ayþer side of þe nose. c1410 Sir Cleges 153 Hys teris..That ran dovn be his lyre. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xxii. 371 This lytel brachet..lyched his learys and his erys. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 114/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The teares trilling downe his leeres. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 13 With tears his lyers ful he blubbred. 2. The face, countenance; hence, look or appearance (of the face and skin), ‘hue’, complexion. Often in alliterative phrases, as lovely or lovesome of leer, lily leer. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun] leera700 nebeOE onseneeOE wlitec950 anlethOE nebshaftc1225 snouta1300 facec1300 visage1303 semblantc1315 vicea1325 cheera1350 countenance1393 front1398 fashiona1400 visurec1400 physiognomyc1425 groina1500 faxa1522 favour1525 facies1565 visor1575 complexiona1616 frontispiecea1625 mun1667 phiz1687 mug1708 mazard1725 physiog1791 dial plate1811 fizzog1811 jiba1825 dial1837 figurehead1840 Chevy Chase1859 mooey1859 snoot1861 chivvy1889 clock1899 map1899 mush1902 pan1920 kisser1938 boat1958 boat race1958 punim1965 a700 Epinal Gloss. 438 Frons, hleor. OE Guthlac A 334 No he hine wið monna miltse gedælde, ac gesynta bæd sawla gehwylcre, þonne he to eorðan on þam anade hleor onhylde. a1225 Leg. Kath. 316 Þi leor is, meiden, lufsum, & ti muð murie. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 49 Hire lure lumes liht ase a launterne anyht. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 227 Of lere ne of lykame lik him nas none. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 2 A wyf..That lene was of lere and of liche bothe. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 2510 The mayden with lely lire. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxxi. 429 Youre rud that was so red, Youre lyre the lylly lyke. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 12 Her lothely lere Is nothynge clere. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. C.viiiv The whytnesse of her lere. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. ii. 118 Fie trecherous hue, that will betraie with blushing The close enacts and counsels of thy hart: Her's a young Lad framde of another leere, Looke how the blacke slaue smiles vpon the father. View more context for this quotation 1806 Jamieson Sir Oluf in Whitelaw Sc. Ballads (1875) 466/1 Whareto is your lire sae blae and wan? 3. ? Temper, disposition.The identity of the word in this example is very doubtful. ΚΠ a1575 Wyfe Lapped in Morrelles Skin 1109 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 226 Thus endeth the iest of Morels skin, Where the curst wife was lapped in; Because she was of a shrewde leere, Thus was she serued in this maner. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online December 2021). leern.2 A side glance; a look or roll of the eye expressive of slyness, malignity, immodest desire, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun] > sideways side-lookinga1500 side looka1586 blench1609 side glance1611 leera1616 skew1622 askewa1641 gloat1645 glega1650 by-glancea1658 squint1673 by-view1753 sklent1818 glee1828 squinny1902 a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iii. 40 Shee discourses: shee carues: she giues the leere [1602 lyre] of inuitation. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 503 Aside the Devil turnd For envie, yet with jealous leer maligne Ey'd them askance. View more context for this quotation 1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 34 What a hang-dog leer was that? 1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses i. 8 The Fellow has a Roguish Leer with him, which I don't like by any means. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 201 Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer. 1743 H. Fielding Jonathan Wild iii. vii, in Misc. III. 230 She accompanied these Words with..so wanton a Leer, that [etc.]. 1849 A. H. Layard Nineveh & Remains II. i. xiv. 149 Old Gouriel, the Kiayah, still rejoicing in his drunken leer, was there to receive us. 1863 G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators I. 143 A short, square, beetle-browed man, with a villanous leer. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). leern.3 Glass-making. a. An annealing-furnace. Also attributive, as lear-annealing; leer-pan n. = frache n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces glass-furnace1632 calcar1662 leer1662 pot furnace1839 blowing-furnace1875 tank furnace1879 1662 C. Merrett tr. A. Neri Art of Glass 243 The Leer (made by Agricola, the third furnace, to anneal and cool the vessels..) comprehends two parts, the tower and leer. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Furnace The Leer is an Avenue five or six Yards long, continued to the Tower. 1797 P. Wakefield Mental Improv. (1801) I. 143 The lear or third furnace. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 768/2 The third oven or leer. 1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 158 The annealing oven, or lier, is a long low rectangular chamber..furnished with numerous shallow iron trays... These trays are called lier pans, or fraiches. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 579 The cooling or annealing arch, or leer, is often built independent of the glass-house furnace... The leer pans or trays of sheet iron. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 140 The tunnel is the ‘lear’, and the process is known as lear-annealing. 1908 W. Rosenhain Glass Manuf. x. 165 The split cylinders are taken to a special kiln, generally known as a ‘lear’, or ‘lehr’, where they are..raised to a dull red-heat. 1918 P. Marson Glass x. 72 These tunnels, or lehrs, are about 40 ft. long. 1937 Nature 18 Dec. 1072/1 There has been a corresponding improvement..in lehrs for annealing the finished product. 1943 Amer. Speech 18 309/1 Among the latter were boys who carried hot glassware from the molds to the leer and toward the end of a shift they began a chant, ‘Ten more trips to the layer O,’ ‘Nine more trips to the layer O,’ and so on... They said ‘layer’ distinctly in two syllables. 1949 Jrnl. Soc. Glass Technol. 33 287 The term ‘lehr’ to denote an apparatus or plant for the continuous annealing of glass first appeared in factory usage in the U.S.A. between 1890 and 1900. The word arose most probably by corruption of the original form ‘leer’, but whether by accident or design is obscure. 1958 Times 22 Dec. 1/4 (advt.) Practical experience of design and construction of glass furnace lehrs also essential. 1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen vi. 139/1 A boy carried the new bottle to the leer where he snapped the punty off its bottom. 1971 Atom May 118/1 A ribbon of glass up to 11 feet wide leaves the float tank and enters the annealing lehr at temperatures in the region of 600°C. b. leer man n. (also lehr man) one who works at a leer. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process glass-blower?1518 annealer1656 sarole-man1662 lamp-worker1665 leer man1849 founder1853 wetter-off1883 smalt-maker1921 smalter1923 presser1962 firer1998 1849 A. Pellatt Curiosities of Glass Making 67 The instruction to the lear-man, or fireman, rather to run the risk of melting goods by excess of heat than subject them to fly by insufficient. 1912 G. Sowerby Rutherford & Son 27 The new lear man's shaping all right then. 1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen vi. 139/1 A leer man stood the bottle on a hot iron tray in the leer. Derivatives ˈleering n. treatment in the ‘leer’. ΚΠ 1889 Standard 5 Jan. 2/1 The English glass is brighter and better from lead being used, instead of lime, for ‘learing’, the lead ‘learing’ being more expensive. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † leern.4 Obsolete exc. dialect. The flank or loin; the hollow under the ribs. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > side > [noun] > loin or flank lendc975 flankOE liskc1175 reinsa1382 leerc1386 loin1398 fillet?a1400 swange?a1400 luddocka1475 lunyie?a1513 lumb?1541 iliums1583 c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 146 He dide next his white leere Of clooth of lake fyn and cleere A breech and eek a sherte. 1725 London Gaz. No. 6397/2 Stolen,..a..Mare,..several white Spots on her Body, one larger than the rest on the further Leer. 1746 Exmoor Courtship 21 Ha geed ma a Vulch in tha Leer. 1777–8 R. Wight Horæ Subsecivæ (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 249 ‘Under the leer’, sub Costis—under the Hollow of the Ribs. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Leer, the flank—applied to man and beast. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). leeradj.1 a. Empty. Also, clear of. Of a burden: Useless. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > [adjective] leera1250 unprofitablea1398 noughtc1400 inutile1484 unutilea1500 vain1578 useless1593 unuseful1604 serviceless1608 aidless1674 unproductive1713 good-for-nothing1727 nowt1790 invaluable1803 stupid1844 dud1904 puckerooed1919 society > armed hostility > victory > [adjective] > unconquered > unoccupied leera1250 unoccupied1829 the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [adjective] > empty idlec825 toomOE lankc1000 emptyOE leera1250 i-lerc1275 vain1382 void1390 bare1399 vacanta1400 i-voidec1415 hollow1600 vake1600 clear1607 inane1662 blank1748 viduous1855 unchargeda1861 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1527 [He] haveth attom his riȝte spuse, Wowes weste [an] lere huse. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1800 Þo was bruteine þis lond of romeins al mest lere. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 283 Ȝif þey fyndeþ it [Fortune's horn] empty [v.r. leer], þanne þey makeþ sorwe. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 311 How longe schal a fool bere lere fardelles? a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxxv. 1029 Þe pyth wiþinne is wasted, and þerfore þe hole is voyde and lere. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 50 Take þin cofyns, & put in þe ovynne lere. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxi. 252 ‘Do gete me’, quod she, ‘a ler tonne, withe oute onye delaye’. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xvi. f. 158v Let all your leere pottis [L. vasa inania] stande the mouthe downwarde. 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 16v Some lustfull Lasse will not permit Achylles coutch be leare. 1864 J. K. James tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Deliv. xix. xxx Carnage had choked the town, no spot was leer.] b. Proposed as a Pathology term. ΚΠ 1893 S. J. Gee Auscult. & Percuss. (ed. 4) iii. 58 Skoda..distinguishes percussion sounds according as they are full or leer. 1893 S. J. Gee Auscult. & Percuss. (ed. 4) iii. 58 (note) Skoda's word ‘leer’ is translated by Markham ‘empty’. I formerly suggested ‘scanty’. But indeed the word ‘leer’ needs no translation, for it is English as well as German, and bears the same meaning in both tongues. 2. Having no burden or load; said also of a horse without a rider. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [adjective] > carried by a pack animal > without a load leera1387 emptyc1503 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [adjective] > of or relating to horse for riding > riderless void1470 unstridden1570 leer1591 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 413 Þe foot man lere [printed lereþ] synge to fore þe þeef. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 8 Went he leere (quoth Socrates) or els charged with the charge of any burden? 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xxxv. lxiv. 295 The horse runnes leere away without the man. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvii. xi. 94 Leading also after them in hand one lere horse. 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A4v Bees..that are loaded seeme greater and longer then those that are leere. 1654 ‘Palaemon’ Friendship 32 An Asse,..over burthen'd with his Masters Carriage desired a Horse..led leer by him, to ease him by bearing a Part. 1688 A. Wood Life 7 Nov. 60 horsmen went thro Oxford,—with leir and sumpter horses. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Leer, empty. Wilts. A leer waggon, an empty waggon. 1886 E. Whitaker Tip Cat (new ed.) xv. 199 They were on the top of a load..on their way to the rick-yard, promising to come back in what they call in those parts the ‘leer’ waggon. 1891 Athenæum 22 Aug. 255 In the country between Plymouth and Exeter between forty and fifty years ago any ‘unladen’ cart was familiarly spoken of as a lair or a lairy-cart. 3. dialect. a. Of the stomach: empty of food. ΚΠ 1853 J. Y. Akerman Wiltshire Tales 97 His bill was zharp, his stomach lear, Zo up a snapped the caddlin pair. b. Of persons and animals: having an empty stomach; hungry, faint for want of food. ΚΠ 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. i. ii. 83 Then what's the friar to the starving peasant? Just what the abbot is to the greedy noble—A scarecrow to lear wolves. 1862 T. Hughes in Macmillan's Mag. V. 243/2 'Em be aggravatin' birds, plaguey cunnin' let 'em be never zo lear. 1870 F. P. Verney Lettice Lisle xxix. 308 Do ye tell Madam to send me a sup o' broth, or summat, I feel so leer. 1878 R. Jefferies Gamekeeper at Home 15 I'm rather lear at supper. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † leeradj.2 Obsolete. Looking askance; oblique, indirect; sly, underhand. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [adjective] > sideways askanted1576 squintinga1593 askance1593 squint1611 leer1631 skaunt1791 squinnya1825 sideways-looking1832 cockeyed1852 skance1866 squinnying1973 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > dishonesty > dishonest person > [adjective] unjustc1400 bribing1530 unhonest1545 subornate1548 sinistrous1600 sinistruous1601 horse-fair1606 under-honest1609 left-handed1615 leer1631 dishonest1752 cross1819 one-eyed1833 crook1911 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > underhand or sneaky subornate1548 sneaking1582 sinistral1598 sinistruous1601 left-sided1607 left-handed1615 meeching1616 leer1631 backstabbing1803 sneaky1834 underhand1842 sneakish1864 underhanded1864 low-down1905 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > implied meaning > [adjective] implieda1535 gatherable1548 leer1631 subintelligential1887 loaded1942 1631 B. Jonson New Inne iv. iv. 282 Ile to bed, and sleepe, And dreame away the vapour of Loue, if th' house And your leere drunkards let me. 1633 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 6) lxxviii. sig. N11 A Suspitious, or Iealous Man Is one that watches himselfe a mischiefe, and keepes a leare eye still, for feare it should escape him. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 207 He had rather have them bear two Senses in vain and impertinently, than one to the Purpose, and never speaks without a Lere-Sense. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 459 He has a lere Trick,..to cry down all those Paces which he wants. a1830 Young Musgrave viii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 249/1 The laddie gae a blythe leer look, A blythe leer look gave he. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2021). leerv. 1. intransitive. To look obliquely or askance; to cast side glances. Now only, to look or gaze with a sly, immodest, or malign expression in one's eye. Also with adverbs, as aside, up, back; occasionally with clause. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look sideways schule?c1225 to look asidec1230 bagge1369 gogglec1380 to look awryc1400 slizec1400 leer1530 to look askew1538 skew1570 gloat1576 to glance one's eye, look1590 squean1608 squinny1608 squint1610 sken1611 sleer1680 glime1684 skime1691 side-glance1799 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look malignantly scowl1340 leer1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 606/2 I leare or lere, as a dogge dothe underneth a doore. Je regarde de longue veue. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. iii. sig. Aiiiv By chaunce a syde she leares And gyb our cat in the milke pan, she spied ouer head and eares. 1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. O.ij And now on hir, and then on him, Full lowringly did leare. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. v. 6 I will leere vpon him as a comes by, and do but marke the countenaunce that he will giue me. View more context for this quotation 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 187 Euen as a Wolfe,..Flies with downe-hanging head, and leereth backe Whether the Mastie doo pursue his tracke. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems i. ii. xcv Here Graculo learing up with one eye View'd the broad Heavens. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 164 Though Dame Fortune seem to smile And leer upon him for a while. 1720 J. Gay Mad-dog in Tales 35 They leer, they simper at her shame. 1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 6 Here Fannia leering on her own good man. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 472/2 C.V.L., when importuned for a grace, used to inquire, first slyly leering down the table, ‘Is there no clergyman here?’ 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists vi. 292 The foul Satyr's eyes leer out of the leaves constantly. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. iv. 69 He passed out through the antechamber, leering at the slave-girls. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > stealthy movement > move stealthily [verb (intransitive)] > move off or away steal1154 atslip?c1225 atcreepc1275 to steal one's wayc1385 glide1393 atslikec1400 fleetc1400 flinch1563 outsteala1586 leer1586 shift1594 shab1699 slive1707 ghost1833 to oil out1945 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 260 He came learing softlye on the other side the hedge. a1635 T. Randolph Muses Looking-glasse ii. ii. 23 in Poems (1638) Who knows but they come learing after us To steale away the substance? 1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding ⁋144 Methought I saw as if the Tempter did lear and steal away from me, as being ashamed of what he had done. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 88 I met him once in the Streets, but he leered away on the other side, as one ashamed of what he had done. View more context for this quotation 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Leer, to go or sneak away. North. 3. transitive. a. To give a leer with (the eye). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > specific looks leer1834 poker-face1926 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. xi. 197 Leering his eye at his father. 1838 D. Jerrold M. Clear in Men of Char. (1851) ii. 141 [A parrot] cocking his head, leering his eye, and working his black tongue. b. To beguile or reduce to by leering. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > flatter [verb (transitive)] > by facial expression leer1681 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. i. 6 But Bertran has been taught the Arts of Court, To guild a Face with Smiles; and leer a man to ruin. Derivatives ˈleering n. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher Monsieur Thomas (1639) iv. ii. sig. H4v Footra for leers, and learings. c1685 in Roxburghe Ballads VII. 426 She knew him a Knave by his learing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1a700n.2a1616n.31662n.4c1386adj.1a1250adj.21631v.1530 |
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