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单词 avow
释义

avown.1

Brit. /əˈvaʊ/, U.S. /əˈvaʊ/
Forms: Middle English avou, avowe, Middle English auough, 1500s aduowe, 1600s– avow.
Etymology: < avow v.2, on analogy of vow v.1, vow n.(In Old French the two verbs avouer seem to have been quite identified (compare alouer allow v.). The noun aveu , whose form is best explained by comparing it with veu , vœu < Latin vōtum , seems to belong in sense to avouer < advocāre ; whereas the English noun avow was in early times used only in sense of avow v.2 < *advōtāre. The connection of the English with the French noun is thus rendered doubtful.)
archaic.
1. A vow, a solemn promise made to a deity, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > vow > [noun]
behotec1000
vow1297
avow1330
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath
hesta1200
vow1297
professionc1300
sermenta1325
avow1330
sacrament1430
votec1540
troth-plight1570
upon my Sam1939
advower-
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath > religious
avow1330
vowc1475
stability1516
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 112 He brak his avowe, þat he to God had suorn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10203 For-þi to godd a-vou þai gaf.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 19 A-vowe, votum.
1493 Petronylla (Pynson) 24 In hir auough made unto chastyte.
1493 Festyvall (1515) 79 Four cursyd knyghtes..made theyr avowe togider to sle Thomas.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lv/1 The iij. parte of alle his synnes releced, and all aduowes [also 1525] and promyse releced.
1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxii. f. lxiii There ys a promyse that ys called an aduowe.
c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 307 The Perse owt off Northombarlonde, and avowe to God mayd he.
1655 J. Jennings tr. J.-P. Camus Elise 74 I could not address my avows to a more accomplished subject.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 45 I make mine avow, by the Red Rover's soul! that he shall eat his writ.
2. A thing vowed; a votive offering. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath > a thing vowed
avow1388
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Acts xxiv. 17 To do almes dedis to my folc, and offryngis, and auowis.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. ix. 105 Ther thei ȝolden up here avowes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

avown.2

Etymology: substantive use of avow v.1
Obsolete. rare.
Avowal, sanction.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > consent > [noun]
thankc888
consense?c1225
yating?c1225
assenta1330
consentc1380
condescentc1460
concurrency1596
condescendment1693
avow1697
consentingness1868
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 613 What without thy knowledge and avow, Nay more, thy Dictate, durst Juturna do?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

avowv.1

/aˈvaʊ/
Forms: Middle English auouh(en, Middle English awou, Middle English–1600s auowe, avowe, Middle English awowe, Middle English–1600s aduow(e, 1500s– avow.
Etymology: < Old French avoue-r, avoer < Latin advocāre to call to, call upon; esp. to call in as a defender or patron (compare advocate n.): hence, in feudal times, to call upon or own as defender, patron, client, or person in some way related, to acknowledge as ours in some relation; afterwards extended to things. Often semi-latinized to advow in 15–16th cent., a corruption which has become permanent in the derivative advowson n. Compare avouch v.
1. transitive. To own or acknowledge (a person) as one's own.In the first example it may mean literally ‘call to thyself.’
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)] > acknowledge (a person) as one's own
avowc1220
avouch1579
c1220 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 197 Auouh mine soule hwon ich of þisse liue uare.
1467 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 50 I will..that myn executors avowe hym in his suet.
1578 Lett. Patent in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 679 Not our subiects, nor by vs any way to be aduowed.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 3 His Father knewe him, and auowed him for his sonne.
1619 Visct. Doncaster Let. in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 147 Giving me commission to say what I would..wherein he promised to avow me.
2. reflexive. to avow (oneself) on or upon: to put oneself under the protection or patronage of, to claim the authority of, to affiliate oneself upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > act as patron to [verb (transitive)] > put under the patronage of
to avow (oneself) on or upon1577
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1542/2 Certeine aduowyng themselues on you, haue assailed and taken by force the Citie of Rome.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 135 Our Foy gallants..auowing themselues vpon the Earle of Warwicke.
3. transitive. To own (the deeds of an agent); to sanction, approve. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > approve of, accept, or sanction [verb (transitive)]
loveeOE
underfoc1000
underfong?c1225
undertakea1250
provec1300
allowa1325
favour1340
approvec1380
seem?c1450
conprovec1503
avow1530
rectify1567
annuate1585
to be for1590
sancite1597
improve1603
applauda1616
acclamate1624
resenta1646
own1649
comprobate1660
sanction1797
likea1825
approbate1833
to hold with (arch. of, on, for)1895
agree1900
endorse1914
condone1962
the mind > language > speech > agreement > consent > consent to [verb (transitive)]
thave835
baithea1350
consentc1386
accordc1400
agreea1413
sustainc1425
to fall to ——a1450
exalt1490
avow1530
to stand satisfactory to1576
teem1584
assent1637
to close with1654
fiat1831
to stand in1911
wear1925
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 418/1 I advowe or make good, Jaduoue..What so euer he promyse in my name I wyll advowe it.
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 3 We have the frequent vse of learned men to avow it.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 90 Be contented to avow all the actions he shall do.
4.
a. transitive. To declare (as a thing one can vouch for); to affirm, maintain (a thing which others might deny). Const. simple object, subordinate clause, absol. Obsolete or archaic, but surviving in some uses of vow v.1
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)]
vowc1330
anferme1340
affirma1382
willa1382
threapc1386
avow1393
to make oneself strongc1425
maintain?c1430
protest1440
traverse1491
assure1509
ferma1525
verc1540
profess1542
enforce1579
justify1579
aver1582
to take on1583
asserta1604
will1614
assevera1618
positive1656
autume1661
declare1709
obtesta1722
predicate1782
asseveratea1847
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 191 Tullius his tale avoweth And saith.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7307 For-soth i sai, and sal a-wou, Ful sare yee sal repent yow.
1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 495 [They] offryd to afferme and advowe my tytell for goode.
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lxvi Ryghte wurshupfull folke, yt before me aduowed it in his face.
1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. xvi. 369 De Clerieux..aduowed his report to be true before them both.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 8 Wee affirme and auow that the very meanest translation of the Bible in English..containeth the word of God.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 149 Avowing Proprietary and Deputy-Government-Reasons for such his Refusal.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xii. 16 As bards avow.
b. To vouch for, guarantee. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 441/2 I avowe, I warrant or make good, or upholde as in marchaundyse or such lyke..Take this clothe of my worde, I avowe it for good.
5. transitive. To own, acknowledge, admit, or confess (facts, statements, or opinions, that one might himself conceal or deny). Const. as in 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > acknowledgement, avowal, or confession > acknowledge, avow, or confess [verb (transitive)]
kenc975
kithec1000
acknowOE
anyetec1175
knowledgec1225
beknowc1325
avow1330
granta1400
acknowledge1481
recognize1509
confess1526
profess1526
testify1526
reacknowledge1550
avouch1606
to take with ——a1653
upgivea1776
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 320 If he wille avowe alle his wikked sawe.
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 89 I wol nought avowe what I say, And therfor kep it secré I yow pray.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 19 A-vowyn, or stonde by the forsayde worde or dede, Advoco.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 141 Sche accused a certeyn knyte, whech cam to þe kyng and avowid euery word.
1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling ix. 159 This little Tract..must avow to come upon that uncivil, yet friendly errand.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cxxxvii. 35 As when Fiends did Miracles avow, He stands confess'd ev'n by the boastful Dutch.
1778 S. Johnson in Boswell Life Johnson (1816) III. 294 Many a man thinks, what he is ashamed to avow.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. viii. 235 The boldness with which he avowed his opinions.
6. reflexive and in passive. To confess one's identity, declare oneself.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (reflexive)] > disclose one's identity
confess1393
avow1465
1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 323 William Nawton is here wyth me, but he dar not ben avowyd.
1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. i. vi. 16 I affirme and auow myselfe, that I am Liege-man..of Ferdinand.
1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xxiv. 177 Avow yourself, and prove the charge.
1837 S. R. Maitland 12 Lett. (1841) 81 The gentlemen who have avowed themselves as the instigators of the new edition.
7. Law. To justify or maintain (an act done, spec. a distress, for rent taken in one's own right).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > justify
justifyc1523
avow1540
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII ii. §9 The next heire..shall haue..liberty..to sue demaunde, aduowe, declare, or make, the sayd titles, claymes, prescriptions.
1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas at Avowrie He that took the Distresse, justifying or maintaining the act, is said to auow, and that is called his Auowrie.
1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ii. §122. 54 If in a Replevin the defendant avow for a Rent charg in another place.
1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Avowry Where tenant in tail aliens in fee, the donor may avow upon him.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

avowv.2

Brit. /əˈvaʊ/, U.S. /əˈvaʊ/
Forms: Middle English–1600s avow(e, ? also 1500s aduowe.
Etymology: < ? Old French avoue-r, avoer (Palsgrave aduouer), < à to + vouer < late Latin vōtāre (compare Provençal vodar, and classical Latin dēvōtāre), frequentative of vovēre, vōtum, to vow. Already in Old French the two verbs avouer were confounded; Littré has only that < advocāre.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To put (one) to a vow or oath, to bind with a vow (to some act, to do something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > bind by a promise
conjurec1290
to speak for ——a1300
avow1303
adjurea1425
surec1460
arrest1489
gage1489
insure1530
pledge1571
fiance1592
objure1609
sacrament1621
attest1685
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 7647 Þese lordynges, Þat avowe here men to do swych þynges.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxiii. 14 With deuocioun we han avowid vs to no thing tastinge [L. devotione devovimus nos nihil gustaturos], til we slen Poul.
2. To devote, consecrate, dedicate by a vow (a person or thing to God, or to some solemn purpose).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > vow > make a vow [verb (transitive)]
avow1382
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xxvii. 16 If the feelde..he auowe [L. voverit] & halowe to the Lord.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 107 To avowe her children vnto God and holy chirche.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome i. 49 Tullus..avowit xii preistis..to be perpetualy dedicate to Mars.
1583 A. Conham in Babington's Commandm. To Reader***b Hee..as it were aduowed himselfe a man to the Lord, to serve in his Tabernacle.
3.
a. intransitive (for reflexive). To bind oneself by a vow, to take a vow (to an act or to do something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise, vow, or pledge [verb (intransitive)]
queatheOE
sweara900
fangc1175
behightc1275
to make (hold, pay, keep, yield or break) a vowc1290
vowa1325
avowc1400
to plight (one's) faithc1410
promitc1422
promise1447
creance1477
to take in vow1526
votec1540
depose1610
vum1785
to nail down1859
pledge1928
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 333 I dewoutly awowe þat veray betz halden Soberly to do þe sacrafyse.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xxv. 46 She..repentyd, and auowed to many pylgremages.
1531 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student (new ed.) liv. f. cxlviiv Yf a man auow neuer to eate whyte mete.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. C1 The three Romans..who for the safegard of their Countrey auowed to dye.
b. absol. or with subordinate clause. To make a vow.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise, vow, or pledge [verb (intransitive)] > that something will be done
avowc1400
c1400 Melayne 733 I a-vowe to mylde marie..I sall noghte leve the soo.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 19 Auowyn, or to make auowe, Voveo.
1493 Festyvall (1515) 93 He that hath avowed or ioyned in penaunce must fast the even.
1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland i. v. 109 I do promisse and auow to euery one of you..that I wil kepe, etc.
4. transitive.
a. with cognate object. To vow.
ΚΠ
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. viii. 13 Ich haue a-vowed vowes fourty · and for-ȝut hem a morwe.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 285/3 Auowe ye vowes and yelde them to god.
b. with ordinary object: To vow to give, keep, observe, do; to promise or undertake with a vow.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)]
swearc825
hightOE
behighta1000
behestc1175
bespeakc1320
queatha1325
vow1338
avowc1374
undertakec1385
forhighta1400
forsweara1400
hest14..
promitc1422
promise1430
protest1430
to swear outa1440
to swear to ——1598
pollicitate1657
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 355 And unto Mars avoyth sacrifice.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 11 Than she avowed chastite.
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII vi Suche as haue auowed religion.
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 175 Auowing continuall war against the Abessine Christians.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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