lateriten.

Brit.

/ˈlatərʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈlædəˌraɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin later , -ite suffix¹.

Etymology: < classical Latin later brick, of unknown origin + -ite suffix¹.

Chiefly Geology and Soil Science.

A red, porous, clay-like material constituting the top geological layer in many tropical and subtropical regions, subsequently understood to be an iron and aluminium-rich soil or soil horizon; esp. one which hardens irreversibly on exposure to air to a rock-like consistency, or is derived from one already so exposed. Also (loosely): any of various other reddish or iron-rich soils or superficial deposits found in the tropics and subtropics (now rare).Laterite as a soil is characterized by a high proportion of sesquioxides, esp. those of iron and aluminium, and an unusually low proportion of alkali metals, magnesium, calcium, and silica; it is the product of the chemical weathering of igneous rocks in hot climates with periods of prolonged heavy rainfall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > native earths > [noun] > laterite

laterite1807

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > mineral soil > others

alum earth1612

cabook1834

laterite1893

ferricrete1902

murram1912

opal dirt1925

allite1930

Oxisol1960

1807 F. Buchanan Journey from Madras II. xii. 441 What I have called indurated clay is not the mineral so called by Mr. Kirwan. It..is one of the most valuable materials for building. It is diffused in immense masses, without any appearance of stratification, and is placed over the granite that forms the basis of Malayala... As it is usually cut into the form of bricks.., in several of the native dialects, it is called the brick-stone (Itica cullu). Where, however, by the washing away of the soil, part of it has been exposed to the air, and has hardened into a rock, its colour becomes black, and its pores and inequalities give it a kind of resemblance to the skin of a person affected with cutaneous disorders; hence in the Tamul language it is called Shuri cull, or itch-stone. The most proper English name would be Laterite.

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 53 In the gravel-beds of Europe, the laterite of India, and other more superficial localities.

1893 R. D. Oldham Man. Geol. India (ed. 2) xv. 385 According to some geologists this laterite [of Buchanan] is in reality a soil and formed by the direct decomposition in situ of the underlying rock.

1909 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 6 431 The term ‘laterite’ has been used, in the Malay Peninsula at least, for many years by a large body of engineers for what are essentially masses of iron oxide replacing portions of weathered rock and filling fissures in such rocks near the surface. This (Malayan) laterite..is largely used for public works.

1910 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 7 444 The foregoing representatives of the class of more or less ferruginous and aluminous deposits which in the Guianas..have been termed ‘laterite’ do not possess, except in the case of the concretionary ironstones, the property..of ‘setting’ or hardening on exposure to the atmosphere. Parts of them agree to some extent with what has been laid down as the modern scientific qualification for a rock to be termed ‘laterite’—the fact that they are ‘essentially characterized by the presence of free hydrate of alumina’.

1932 G. W. Robinson Soils xiii. 279 Many of the descriptions of the supposed laterites merely relate to red soils... It is now generally agreed that the terms laterite and lateritic should be restricted to materials characterised by excess of sesquioxides.

1966 D. Forbes Heart of Malaya iii. 35 It [sc. a bungalow] was set on a hillside..at the end of a three-mile estate road of red laterite.

1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics iii. 48 Bauxite and laterite. These aluminium and iron oxides only form in a strongly oxidizing environment.

2000 A. Ghosh Glass Palace (2001) xxviii. 334 He beat a path through the undergrowth and found himself confronted with yet another ruin, built of the same materials as the two chandis—laterite—but of a different design.

Compounds

General attributive, esp. in laterite soil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > native earths > [adjective] > laterite

laterite1828

lateritic1836

1828 Oriental Herald Mar. 461 For the walls of houses, the laterite stone, so often mentioned before, is in universal repute.

1851 R. F. Burton Goa 176 A pile of laterite rock rising abruptly from a level expanse of sand.

1886 F. H. H. Guillemard Cruise Marchesa II. 327 The red laterite roads.

1898 Agric. Ledger (Calcutta) 5 ii. 34 Those ‘laterite soils’, that is, soils lying on or adjacent to what had every appearance of being laterite rock..had all a bright red appearance when dry; but..some at least of these are probably not true laterite.

1906 Daily Chron. 24 Aug. 6/5 The soil and the climate of Seychelles are evidently favourable to the growth of Para rubber, which thrives even in laterite soils where no other plants are at present growing.

1954 E. Huxley Four Guineas (1955) 134 Tamale is a flat, sprawling, mud-and-thatch town smothered, at this time of year, in red laterite dust, the streets packed with people.

1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. viii. 192/2 In certain areas such as Australia drier climates resulted in hardening of laterite layers (layers of iron and aluminium oxides in soils), a process which was irreversible.

2003 E. Gregg & R. Trillo Rough Guide to Gambia 29/2 By vehicle, even in the dry season, you'll need a 4WD to tackle the tougher laterite and sand tracks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	laterite
释义	lateriten. Brit. /ˈlatərʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈlædəˌraɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin later , -ite suffix¹. Etymology: < classical Latin later brick, of unknown origin + -ite suffix¹. Chiefly Geology and Soil Science. A red, porous, clay-like material constituting the top geological layer in many tropical and subtropical regions, subsequently understood to be an iron and aluminium-rich soil or soil horizon; esp. one which hardens irreversibly on exposure to air to a rock-like consistency, or is derived from one already so exposed. Also (loosely): any of various other reddish or iron-rich soils or superficial deposits found in the tropics and subtropics (now rare).Laterite as a soil is characterized by a high proportion of sesquioxides, esp. those of iron and aluminium, and an unusually low proportion of alkali metals, magnesium, calcium, and silica; it is the product of the chemical weathering of igneous rocks in hot climates with periods of prolonged heavy rainfall. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > native earths > [noun] > laterite laterite1807 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > mineral soil > others alum earth1612 cabook1834 laterite1893 ferricrete1902 murram1912 opal dirt1925 allite1930 Oxisol1960 1807 F. Buchanan Journey from Madras II. xii. 441 What I have called indurated clay is not the mineral so called by Mr. Kirwan. It..is one of the most valuable materials for building. It is diffused in immense masses, without any appearance of stratification, and is placed over the granite that forms the basis of Malayala... As it is usually cut into the form of bricks.., in several of the native dialects, it is called the brick-stone (Itica cullu). Where, however, by the washing away of the soil, part of it has been exposed to the air, and has hardened into a rock, its colour becomes black, and its pores and inequalities give it a kind of resemblance to the skin of a person affected with cutaneous disorders; hence in the Tamul language it is called Shuri cull, or itch-stone. The most proper English name would be Laterite. 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 53 In the gravel-beds of Europe, the laterite of India, and other more superficial localities. 1893 R. D. Oldham Man. Geol. India (ed. 2) xv. 385 According to some geologists this laterite [of Buchanan] is in reality a soil and formed by the direct decomposition in situ of the underlying rock. 1909 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 6 431 The term ‘laterite’ has been used, in the Malay Peninsula at least, for many years by a large body of engineers for what are essentially masses of iron oxide replacing portions of weathered rock and filling fissures in such rocks near the surface. This (Malayan) laterite..is largely used for public works. 1910 Geol. Mag. 5th Decade 7 444 The foregoing representatives of the class of more or less ferruginous and aluminous deposits which in the Guianas..have been termed ‘laterite’ do not possess, except in the case of the concretionary ironstones, the property..of ‘setting’ or hardening on exposure to the atmosphere. Parts of them agree to some extent with what has been laid down as the modern scientific qualification for a rock to be termed ‘laterite’—the fact that they are ‘essentially characterized by the presence of free hydrate of alumina’. 1932 G. W. Robinson Soils xiii. 279 Many of the descriptions of the supposed laterites merely relate to red soils... It is now generally agreed that the terms laterite and lateritic should be restricted to materials characterised by excess of sesquioxides. 1966 D. Forbes Heart of Malaya iii. 35 It [sc. a bungalow] was set on a hillside..at the end of a three-mile estate road of red laterite. 1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics iii. 48 Bauxite and laterite. These aluminium and iron oxides only form in a strongly oxidizing environment. 2000 A. Ghosh Glass Palace (2001) xxviii. 334 He beat a path through the undergrowth and found himself confronted with yet another ruin, built of the same materials as the two chandis—laterite—but of a different design. Compounds General attributive, esp. in laterite soil. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > native earths > [adjective] > laterite laterite1828 lateritic1836 1828 Oriental Herald Mar. 461 For the walls of houses, the laterite stone, so often mentioned before, is in universal repute. 1851 R. F. Burton Goa 176 A pile of laterite rock rising abruptly from a level expanse of sand. 1886 F. H. H. Guillemard Cruise Marchesa II. 327 The red laterite roads. 1898 Agric. Ledger (Calcutta) 5 ii. 34 Those ‘laterite soils’, that is, soils lying on or adjacent to what had every appearance of being laterite rock..had all a bright red appearance when dry; but..some at least of these are probably not true laterite. 1906 Daily Chron. 24 Aug. 6/5 The soil and the climate of Seychelles are evidently favourable to the growth of Para rubber, which thrives even in laterite soils where no other plants are at present growing. 1954 E. Huxley Four Guineas (1955) 134 Tamale is a flat, sprawling, mud-and-thatch town smothered, at this time of year, in red laterite dust, the streets packed with people. 1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. viii. 192/2 In certain areas such as Australia drier climates resulted in hardening of laterite layers (layers of iron and aluminium oxides in soils), a process which was irreversible. 2003 E. Gregg & R. Trillo Rough Guide to Gambia 29/2 By vehicle, even in the dry season, you'll need a 4WD to tackle the tougher laterite and sand tracks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1807
随便看	to take a displeasure to take a dive to take a dog's leave to take a etc lying down to take a etc measure of to take a etc powder to take a fade to take a fair measure of to take a fall to take a feeler to take a fetch to take a fley to take a flight to take a french furlough to take a french leave to take a geg to take a green bonnet to take a grip on to take a grip on oneself to take a ground-sweat to take a groundsweat to take a hand to take a hard line to take a hate against to take a hate on