单词 | ledge |
释义 | ledgen. 1. a. A transverse bar or strip of wood or other material fixed upon a door, gate, piece of furniture, or the like. Now dialect and technical. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > horizontal or transverse support ledgec1330 string-piece1789 stringer1838 cleat1854 c1330 Arth. & Merlin 5673 He toke þe gate bi þe legge & slong hem vp at his rigge. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 293/2 Legge, ouer twarte byndynge [Winch. ouer wart, Pynson ledge], ligatorium. 1453 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 160 Legges de ligno emptis eidem stabulo, vidz. hostio ejusdem. 1504 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 322 For vj legges to þe same dore. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 238/1 Ledge of a dore, barre. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 238/1 Ledge of a shelfe, apoy, estaye. 1566 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Dunstan's, Canterb. Payed for bordes and palles [i.e. pales] and leges for the gatte xvjd. 1638 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) A dayes worke in sawinge of ledges and quarters for the steeple. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 226 I clamber'd up upon the Ledges of the Door, and the Lock, which was a great wooden one. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Ledge, a bar of a gate or stile; of a chair, table, &c. 1825 [see ledge-door n. at Compounds 2]. 1881 [see ledge-door n. at Compounds 2]. b. Joinery. One of the sides of a rebate, as that against which a door closes; (see quot.). ledge(d) and brace(d) door (see quots.). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door hall-doorc1275 falling doorc1300 stable doorc1330 vice-door1354 hecka1400 lodge-doorc1400 street door1465 gate-doora1500 portal1516 backdoor1530 portal door1532 side door1535 by-door1542 outer door1548 postern door1551 house door1565 fore-door1581 way-door1597 leaf door1600 folding door1611 clap-door1625 balcony-door1635 out-door1646 anteportc1660 screen door1668 frontish-door1703 posticum1704 side entrance1724 sash-door1726 Venetian door1731 oak1780 jib-door1800 trellis?c1800 sporting door1824 ledge-door1825 through door1827 bivalves1832 swing-door1833 tradesmen's entrance1838 ledged door1851 tradesmen's door?1851 fire door1876 storm door1878 shoji1880 fire door1889 Dutch door1890 patio door1900 stable door1900 ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901 suicide door1925 louvre door1953 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 993 s.v. Ledges of doors are the narrow surfaces wrought upon jambs and sofites parallel to the wall to stop the door, so that when it is shut the ledges coincide with the surface of the door... In temporary work the ledges of doors are formed by fillets. 1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts ii. 19 (caption) Elevation and vertical section of what is termed a ledge and brace door. 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 352/1 Ledged and braced door, the same as a ledged door, with the addition of braces or pieces of wood running diagonally across between the opposite ends of two successive ledges. 1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Oct. 73/1 Ledged-and-braced door, a door similar to a batten door, but framed diagonally with braces across the back, between the battens. c. Nautical plural. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Ledges, small Timbers, coming thwart ships (from the wast-trees to the Roof-Trees) to bear up the Nettings. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Suppl. Ledges..small pieces of timber placed athwart-ships, under the decks of a ship, in the intervals between the beams. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 36 After it is floored, there must be Ledges nailed on to give firm Hold to the Feet of the Men. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 129 Ledges, oak or fir scantling used in framing the decks, which are let into the carlings athwartships. The ledges for gratings are similar, but arch or round-up agreeable to the head-ledges. d. Architecture. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > projecting moulding(s) tablementa1400 tabling1410 projecture1563 rib1608 watering table1609 tableting1610 ledge1611 quarter-round1664 cornice1670 bolection1708 dress1726 tablet?1756 dressing1789 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cymace, a ledge, or outward member in Architecture, fashioned somewhat like a Roman S, and tearmed a Waue, or Ogee. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Ledge..4. A small molding. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ledge,..a small moulding, as the Doric drop-ledge. 1889 Cent. Dict. Ledge, in arch. a string-course. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > that which forms the edge or border > raised ledge1535 filleta1701 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 28 The seate was made so, that it had sydes betwene the ledges [Luther: Leisten]. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xliii. 13 This is the measure of the aulter..his botome in the myddest was a cubite longe and wyde, and the ledge [Luther: Rand] that wente rounde aboute it, was a spanne brode. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 163/2 A boarde which hath round aboute ledges. 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 62 I at first set this vase upon the ledge of the tray, and it was near falling. b. Printing. ΚΠ 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 195 The Ledges of the Dressing-sticks. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 218 Placing the first Line close and upright against the lower ledge of the Galley, and the beginning of his Lines close and upright against the left hand Ledge of the Galley. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Printing From the right Side of this Plate arises a Ledge.., about half an Inch high, running the whole length of the Plate, and serving to sustain the Letters. 1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 199 The page being tied up, the compositor removes it pretty far from the ledges of the galley. 3. a. A narrow horizontal surface, formed by the top of some vertical structure, or by the top of some projection in the vertical face of a wall or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [noun] > a horizontal object or part > ledge ledge1558 1558 in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 87 For twoo powles for the water drawenge at the legg on the bridge. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 77 We are like some fond spectators, that when they see the puppets acting upon the ledge, think they move alone. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 130 Make two Ledges in the Chimney,..that the [Register] Plate may go down no further when it shuts close. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxxi. 213 The warder next his axe's edge Struck down upon the threshold ledge. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter xii, in Poems (new ed.) 38 You were leaning from the ledge. 1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Ledge of a window, or window ledge, a name often given to a rounded window board, when the brickwork under the window is of the same thickness at the sill as the rest of the wall. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 On every projecting ledge of the heavy wainscot, was displayed..the silver and pewter plate. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 180 I have known clocks to be let into the ledge of the pulpit. b. A shelf-like projection on the side of a rock or mountain. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun] shelvea1701 ledge1732 terrace1753 bench1791 lynchet1797 shelf1807 benching1809 offset1856 cultivation terrace1863 terracing1863 mantelshelf1897 cultivation-bank1913 mantelpiece1920 terracette1922 berm1931 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 286 This stone shew'd..a ledge which open'd a way to a sort of cave. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. viii. 218 In some parts it ran sloping with a rapid but uniform motion, while in others it tumbled over the ledges of rocks with a perpendicular descent. 1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman ii. 22 That breezy ledge of genial rock. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xiv. 94 The face of a cliff..afforded us about an inch of ledge to stand upon. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe ii. 77 We clung to the crannies and ledges of the rock. 1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. Prol. 16 They were..hanging..on a narrow ledge of rock midway between earth and sky. c. Fortification. = berm n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > ground behind rampart > ground between rampart and ditch foreland1704 lisière1706 berm1729 ledge1729 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 197 Round which shall be formed a Berm or Ledge, for the conveniently ranging of certain Paper Tubes or Cases. 1840 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. VIII. lxiii. 424 The ladders..enabled them to reach an intermediate ledge or berm. 1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Ledge is applied to the ‘bench’ or ‘berm’ left on the face of a cutting. d. Meteorology. A layer in the ionosphere corresponding to a point of inflection in a graph of ionization density against height, i.e. a layer in which the ionization increases less rapidly with height than in the regions immediately above and below it. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [noun] > specific regions of > specific regions of ionosphere Heaviside layer1911 F-region1928 D-region1930 E-region1930 sporadic E-layer1937 ledge1949 protonosphere1960 topside1962 1949 Gloss. Terms Radio Propagation (B.S.I.) 5 Distributions in which the vertical gradient [of ionization] falls to a minimum value greater than zero are sometimes referred to as ‘ledges’. 1960 Ratcliffe & Weekes in J. A. Ratcliffe Physics Upper Atmosphere ix. 437 The complicated loss process..stimulates recombination so that an F1 ledge is produced. 1967 Proc. IEEE 55 17/1 Within the F region the main features of the vertical distribution of electrons are the F1 ‘ledge’ at about 160 to 200 km..and the F2 ‘peak’ which generally lies between 250 and 400 km. 4. A ridge of rocks, esp. such as are near the shore beneath the surface of the sea; †a range of mountains or hills (obsolete); a ridge of earth. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ledge ledge1555 overfall1617 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range ledge1555 range1601 sierra1613 cordillera1704 mountain chain1776 mountain range1809 chain1830 serra1830 mountain system1838 hump1914 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > ridge of earth benchc1250 rindc1440 bink1568 ledge1658 ridgelet1774 ridget1791 backing1863 soil stripe1910 1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351v There is a ledge of rockes on the southeast parte of the rode. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 A shoule, a ledge of rockes. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Fff5 We must cross Mount Hermon; a ledge of hills, which..bend directly South. 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 13 Break away the ledge of earth. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 25 To the North of these Islands lyes a long ledge of Rocks bending like a Bow. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 69 A pretty high Ledge of Hills. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 35 This buoyant lumber may sustain you o'er The rocky shelves and ledges to the shore. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (1780) Ledge is also a long ridge of rocks, near the surface of the sea. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Ledge, a compact line of rocks running parallel to the coast, and which is not unfrequent opposite sandy beaches. 1889 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid i, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse (ed. 2) 76 Three of the ships on invisible ledges the South winds drave. 1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 31 We have a view of the first principal ‘ledge’ of land above the Fen country. a. A course or layer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of ashlar-work1398 rough wall1398 keying1483 corbelling1548 rustic1610 channel1611 rustic work1615 ledge1624 coffer-work1668 rubble work1675 canal1723 rockwork1755 ashlaring1758 rubble1815 ragwork1840 striped work1842 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. 25 That the lowest Ledge or Row be meerely of Stone, and the broader the better, closely layed without Morter. 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. 29 That certain courses or Ledges of more strength then the rest, be interlayed like Bones,..to sustaine the Fabrique from totall ruine, if the vnder parts should decay. b. Mining. A stratum of metal-bearing rock; also, a quartz-vein. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > strata containing minerals fuller's eartha1350 fulling eartha1399 fulling clay1647 second bottom1787 iron pan1811 ledge1847 blue lead1854 oil shale1866 oil sand1875 Cambridge coprolite1881 Cambridge greensand1882 gem-bed1886 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 155 She ransacks mines and ledges, And quarries every rock. 1863 D. T. Ansted Great Stone Bk. Nature ii. vi. 97 The half-crystalline quartz that forms reefs or ledges,—the local name for veins and bands of quartz in sandstone rock. 1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 27 The ledges are small, and mostly lie flat, but are very rich. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 211 Every miner that ever worked upon it says there's bound to be a ledge somewhere. Compounds C1. General attributive. ledge formation n. ΚΠ 1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 109 An unmistakable ledge formation carrying quartz the entire distance. ledge matter n. ΚΠ 1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 262 At the depth it [a mine] has now attained, the ledge matter is larger and richer than at any previous period of its history. ledge rock n. ΚΠ 1894 Outing 24 339/2 Up and down the mountains over ledge rock that spread out like stair steps. C2. ledge-door n. = ledged door n. at ledged adj. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door hall-doorc1275 falling doorc1300 stable doorc1330 vice-door1354 hecka1400 lodge-doorc1400 street door1465 gate-doora1500 portal1516 backdoor1530 portal door1532 side door1535 by-door1542 outer door1548 postern door1551 house door1565 fore-door1581 way-door1597 leaf door1600 folding door1611 clap-door1625 balcony-door1635 out-door1646 anteportc1660 screen door1668 frontish-door1703 posticum1704 side entrance1724 sash-door1726 Venetian door1731 oak1780 jib-door1800 trellis?c1800 sporting door1824 ledge-door1825 through door1827 bivalves1832 swing-door1833 tradesmen's entrance1838 ledged door1851 tradesmen's door?1851 fire door1876 storm door1878 shoji1880 fire door1889 Dutch door1890 patio door1900 stable door1900 ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901 suicide door1925 louvre door1953 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 589 A transverse piece, called a ledge nailed across, from which the door derives the name of a ledge-door. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §832. 384 We may look on them [doors] speaking generally as divided into ledge doors and framed doors. ledge-handle n. a handle of distinctive shape found on Bronze Age ware. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > earthenware vessel > specific types of handles ledge-handle1891 trumpet-lug1937 nose-bridge1939 1891 W. M. F. Petrie Tell el Hesy vii. 42 The ledge-handles are very striking and quite unknown elsewhere. They belonged to large vessels with upright sides... The ledge is of various degrees... Sometimes it is very deeply and sharply waved..or else slightly curved,..or merely nicked,..or lastly a plain ledge.., without ornament or hollow. 1949 W. F. Albright Archaeol. Palestine iv. 78 The envelope ledge-handle. This name, given it by P. L. O. Guy, is derived from the fact that the laps of the pushed-up ledge-handle,..are now folded over and fastened down as neatly as though each lap were the flap of an envelope. 1952 V. G. Childe New Light on Most Anc. East (ed. 4) xi. 230 Four occupational layers are superimposed at Ghassul, and some rather suspicious ledge-handles are figured from the site. 1972 Y. Yadin Hazor iii. x. 121 Large and deep bowls with ledge-handles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ledgev.1 Obsolete exc. dialect. = allege v.1 ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion without proof > [verb (transitive)] ledgea1300 vouch1390 allege?a1400 suppose1411 pretendc1449 to-layc1450 reckonc1480 compare1536 obtend1573 make1593 represent1651 to trump up1697 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as plea allegec1300 plead1429 ledge?a1500 a1300 Cursor Mundi 28646 He..leghges [Cotton Galba MS. aledges] for him no for-þi þat he na scrift mai vnderly. a1300 Cursor Mundi 28679 If þis man..for-sakes penance neuer þe lese, and legges febulnes of flexse. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 41 Thou leggist oft Goddis lawe, bot to a false entente. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 187 Wher is the barron wher is the knighte for me to leadge the lawe? c1530 Court of Love 1065 So he hath begon To reson fast, and legge auctorite. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxiii [They] shulden sene the same sentence they legen on other, springe out of their sydes, with so many braunches it were impossyble to nombre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 28 Nay 'tis no matter sir, what he leges in Latine. View more context for this quotation 1867 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 103 Ledge, to throw out suspicions; as, ‘A’ bodie's beginnin' t' ledge it he's nae far fae the brackan’. (2) With the preposition upon, to accuse; as ‘They ledge upon 'im it he cheatit the minister wee the sellan o's coo'. Derivatives ˈledging n. ΚΠ 1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. Cv For all thare ledgin, of the lawis. 1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 359/2 He said it was nothing fitting To void pity his owne legging. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ledgev.2 rare. 1. intransitive. To form a ledge. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > be placed horizontally [verb (intransitive)] > form a ledge ledge1598 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 101 Euery boorde ledging ouer other. 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 98 It [snow] melts on the south of every furrow leaving a white line where it has ledged on the northern side. 2. transitive. To furnish with ledges (obsolete); to form as a ledge. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > furnish with ledges ledge1599 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 22 The burdensome detrimentes of our hauen, which euery twelue-month deuoures a Iustice of peace liuing, in weares and banckes to beate off the sand and ouerthwart ledging and fencing it in. 1845 T. N. Talfourd Vacation Rambles I. 239 The road..sometimes pierced through the blasted rock, sometimes ledged along it. Draft additions 1997 3. To place or rest (an object) on a ledge, or in a position offering only narrow or slight support. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > place (a thing) on for support rest1420 stay1565 encradle1596 pillow1611 ledge1926 1926 A. Bennett Lord Raingo ii. lxxxvi. 403 She ledged a large photograph of Delphine against the foot of the bed. 1960 T. Hughes Lupercal 37 I could lean over The upper edge of the high half door, My left foot ledged on the hinge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330v.1a1300v.21598 |
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