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单词 ledge
释义

ledgen.

Brit. /lɛdʒ/, U.S. /lɛdʒ/
Forms: Middle English–1500s legge, 1500s lege, legg, 1600s ledg, 1500s– ledge.
Etymology: Possibly a Middle English formation < legge /lɛdʒə/ lay v.1 The various senses of the noun admit of being accounted for by this supposition: compare lay n.7, and Middle High German legge, lecke, stratum, layer, edge, border. The Old Norse lǫgg (feminine), rim of a cask (see lag n.2) is commonly quoted as cognate, but it is doubtful whether it even belongs to the same root, as it may represent an Old Germanic type *lawwâ. One example of Old Northern French lege, apparently ‘ledge’ of leather put on a packsaddle, is given by Godefroy; the French word may possibly be the proximate source, in which case the ultimate etymology is probably Germanic.
1.
a. A transverse bar or strip of wood or other material fixed upon a door, gate, piece of furniture, or the like. Now dialect and technical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > horizontal or transverse support
ledgec1330
string-piece1789
stringer1838
cleat1854
c1330 Arth. & Merlin 5673 He toke þe gate bi þe legge & slong hem vp at his rigge.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 293/2 Legge, ouer twarte byndynge [Winch. ouer wart, Pynson ledge], ligatorium.
1453 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 160 Legges de ligno emptis eidem stabulo, vidz. hostio ejusdem.
1504 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 322 For vj legges to þe same dore.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 238/1 Ledge of a dore, barre.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 238/1 Ledge of a shelfe, apoy, estaye.
1566 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Dunstan's, Canterb. Payed for bordes and palles [i.e. pales] and leges for the gatte xvjd.
1638 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) A dayes worke in sawinge of ledges and quarters for the steeple.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 226 I clamber'd up upon the Ledges of the Door, and the Lock, which was a great wooden one.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Ledge, a bar of a gate or stile; of a chair, table, &c.
1825 [see ledge-door n. at Compounds 2]. 1881 [see ledge-door n. at Compounds 2].
b. Joinery. One of the sides of a rebate, as that against which a door closes; (see quot.). ledge(d) and brace(d) door (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 993 s.v. Ledges of doors are the narrow surfaces wrought upon jambs and sofites parallel to the wall to stop the door, so that when it is shut the ledges coincide with the surface of the door... In temporary work the ledges of doors are formed by fillets.
1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts ii. 19 (caption) Elevation and vertical section of what is termed a ledge and brace door.
1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 352/1 Ledged and braced door, the same as a ledged door, with the addition of braces or pieces of wood running diagonally across between the opposite ends of two successive ledges.
1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Oct. 73/1 Ledged-and-braced door, a door similar to a batten door, but framed diagonally with braces across the back, between the battens.
c. Nautical plural. (See quots.)
ΚΠ
1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Ledges, small Timbers, coming thwart ships (from the wast-trees to the Roof-Trees) to bear up the Nettings.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Suppl. Ledges..small pieces of timber placed athwart-ships, under the decks of a ship, in the intervals between the beams.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 36 After it is floored, there must be Ledges nailed on to give firm Hold to the Feet of the Men.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 129 Ledges, oak or fir scantling used in framing the decks, which are let into the carlings athwartships. The ledges for gratings are similar, but arch or round-up agreeable to the head-ledges.
d. Architecture. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > projecting moulding(s)
tablementa1400
tabling1410
projecture1563
rib1608
watering table1609
tableting1610
ledge1611
quarter-round1664
cornice1670
bolection1708
dress1726
tablet?1756
dressing1789
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cymace, a ledge, or outward member in Architecture, fashioned somewhat like a Roman S, and tearmed a Waue, or Ogee.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Ledge..4. A small molding.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Ledge,..a small moulding, as the Doric drop-ledge.
1889 Cent. Dict. Ledge, in arch. a string-course.
2.
a. A ‘lip’ or raised edging running along the extremity of a board or similar object. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > that which forms the edge or border > raised
ledge1535
filleta1701
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 28 The seate was made so, that it had sydes betwene the ledges [Luther: Leisten].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xliii. 13 This is the measure of the aulter..his botome in the myddest was a cubite longe and wyde, and the ledge [Luther: Rand] that wente rounde aboute it, was a spanne brode.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 163/2 A boarde which hath round aboute ledges.
1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 62 I at first set this vase upon the ledge of the tray, and it was near falling.
b. Printing.
ΚΠ
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 195 The Ledges of the Dressing-sticks.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 218 Placing the first Line close and upright against the lower ledge of the Galley, and the beginning of his Lines close and upright against the left hand Ledge of the Galley.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Printing From the right Side of this Plate arises a Ledge.., about half an Inch high, running the whole length of the Plate, and serving to sustain the Letters.
1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 199 The page being tied up, the compositor removes it pretty far from the ledges of the galley.
3.
a. A narrow horizontal surface, formed by the top of some vertical structure, or by the top of some projection in the vertical face of a wall or the like.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [noun] > a horizontal object or part > ledge
ledge1558
1558 in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 87 For twoo powles for the water drawenge at the legg on the bridge.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 77 We are like some fond spectators, that when they see the puppets acting upon the ledge, think they move alone.
1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 130 Make two Ledges in the Chimney,..that the [Register] Plate may go down no further when it shuts close.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xxxi. 213 The warder next his axe's edge Struck down upon the threshold ledge.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter xii, in Poems (new ed.) 38 You were leaning from the ledge.
1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Ledge of a window, or window ledge, a name often given to a rounded window board, when the brickwork under the window is of the same thickness at the sill as the rest of the wall.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 On every projecting ledge of the heavy wainscot, was displayed..the silver and pewter plate.
1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 180 I have known clocks to be let into the ledge of the pulpit.
b. A shelf-like projection on the side of a rock or mountain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun]
shelvea1701
ledge1732
terrace1753
bench1791
lynchet1797
shelf1807
benching1809
offset1856
cultivation terrace1863
terracing1863
mantelshelf1897
cultivation-bank1913
mantelpiece1920
terracette1922
berm1931
1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 286 This stone shew'd..a ledge which open'd a way to a sort of cave.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. viii. 218 In some parts it ran sloping with a rapid but uniform motion, while in others it tumbled over the ledges of rocks with a perpendicular descent.
1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman ii. 22 That breezy ledge of genial rock.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xiv. 94 The face of a cliff..afforded us about an inch of ledge to stand upon.
1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe ii. 77 We clung to the crannies and ledges of the rock.
1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. Prol. 16 They were..hanging..on a narrow ledge of rock midway between earth and sky.
c. Fortification. = berm n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > ground behind rampart > ground between rampart and ditch
foreland1704
lisière1706
berm1729
ledge1729
1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 197 Round which shall be formed a Berm or Ledge, for the conveniently ranging of certain Paper Tubes or Cases.
1840 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. VIII. lxiii. 424 The ladders..enabled them to reach an intermediate ledge or berm.
1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Ledge is applied to the ‘bench’ or ‘berm’ left on the face of a cutting.
d. Meteorology. A layer in the ionosphere corresponding to a point of inflection in a graph of ionization density against height, i.e. a layer in which the ionization increases less rapidly with height than in the regions immediately above and below it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [noun] > specific regions of > specific regions of ionosphere
Heaviside layer1911
F-region1928
D-region1930
E-region1930
sporadic E-layer1937
ledge1949
protonosphere1960
topside1962
1949 Gloss. Terms Radio Propagation (B.S.I.) 5 Distributions in which the vertical gradient [of ionization] falls to a minimum value greater than zero are sometimes referred to as ‘ledges’.
1960 Ratcliffe & Weekes in J. A. Ratcliffe Physics Upper Atmosphere ix. 437 The complicated loss process..stimulates recombination so that an F1 ledge is produced.
1967 Proc. IEEE 55 17/1 Within the F region the main features of the vertical distribution of electrons are the F1 ‘ledge’ at about 160 to 200 km..and the F2 ‘peak’ which generally lies between 250 and 400 km.
4. A ridge of rocks, esp. such as are near the shore beneath the surface of the sea; †a range of mountains or hills (obsolete); a ridge of earth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > undersea ledge
ledge1555
overfall1617
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range
ledge1555
range1601
sierra1613
cordillera1704
mountain chain1776
mountain range1809
chain1830
serra1830
mountain system1838
hump1914
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > ridge of earth
benchc1250
rindc1440
bink1568
ledge1658
ridgelet1774
ridget1791
backing1863
soil stripe1910
1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351v There is a ledge of rockes on the southeast parte of the rode.
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 A shoule, a ledge of rockes.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Fff5 We must cross Mount Hermon; a ledge of hills, which..bend directly South.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 13 Break away the ledge of earth.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 25 To the North of these Islands lyes a long ledge of Rocks bending like a Bow.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 69 A pretty high Ledge of Hills.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 35 This buoyant lumber may sustain you o'er The rocky shelves and ledges to the shore.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine (1780) Ledge is also a long ridge of rocks, near the surface of the sea.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Ledge, a compact line of rocks running parallel to the coast, and which is not unfrequent opposite sandy beaches.
1889 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid i, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse (ed. 2) 76 Three of the ships on invisible ledges the South winds drave.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 31 We have a view of the first principal ‘ledge’ of land above the Fen country.
5.
a. A course or layer. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of
ashlar-work1398
rough wall1398
keying1483
corbelling1548
rustic1610
channel1611
rustic work1615
ledge1624
coffer-work1668
rubble work1675
canal1723
rockwork1755
ashlaring1758
rubble1815
ragwork1840
striped work1842
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. 25 That the lowest Ledge or Row be meerely of Stone, and the broader the better, closely layed without Morter.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. 29 That certain courses or Ledges of more strength then the rest, be interlayed like Bones,..to sustaine the Fabrique from totall ruine, if the vnder parts should decay.
b. Mining. A stratum of metal-bearing rock; also, a quartz-vein.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > strata containing minerals
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
fulling clay1647
second bottom1787
iron pan1811
ledge1847
blue lead1854
oil shale1866
oil sand1875
Cambridge coprolite1881
Cambridge greensand1882
gem-bed1886
1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 155 She ransacks mines and ledges, And quarries every rock.
1863 D. T. Ansted Great Stone Bk. Nature ii. vi. 97 The half-crystalline quartz that forms reefs or ledges,—the local name for veins and bands of quartz in sandstone rock.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 27 The ledges are small, and mostly lie flat, but are very rich.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 211 Every miner that ever worked upon it says there's bound to be a ledge somewhere.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
ledge formation n.
ΚΠ
1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 109 An unmistakable ledge formation carrying quartz the entire distance.
ledge matter n.
ΚΠ
1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 262 At the depth it [a mine] has now attained, the ledge matter is larger and richer than at any previous period of its history.
ledge rock n.
ΚΠ
1894 Outing 24 339/2 Up and down the mountains over ledge rock that spread out like stair steps.
C2.
ledge-door n. = ledged door n. at ledged adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 589 A transverse piece, called a ledge nailed across, from which the door derives the name of a ledge-door.
1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §832. 384 We may look on them [doors] speaking generally as divided into ledge doors and framed doors.
ledge-handle n. a handle of distinctive shape found on Bronze Age ware.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > earthenware vessel > specific types of handles
ledge-handle1891
trumpet-lug1937
nose-bridge1939
1891 W. M. F. Petrie Tell el Hesy vii. 42 The ledge-handles are very striking and quite unknown elsewhere. They belonged to large vessels with upright sides... The ledge is of various degrees... Sometimes it is very deeply and sharply waved..or else slightly curved,..or merely nicked,..or lastly a plain ledge.., without ornament or hollow.
1949 W. F. Albright Archaeol. Palestine iv. 78 The envelope ledge-handle. This name, given it by P. L. O. Guy, is derived from the fact that the laps of the pushed-up ledge-handle,..are now folded over and fastened down as neatly as though each lap were the flap of an envelope.
1952 V. G. Childe New Light on Most Anc. East (ed. 4) xi. 230 Four occupational layers are superimposed at Ghassul, and some rather suspicious ledge-handles are figured from the site.
1972 Y. Yadin Hazor iii. x. 121 Large and deep bowls with ledge-handles.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ledgev.1

Brit. /lɛdʒ/, U.S. /lɛdʒ/
Forms: Also Middle English–1600s lege, legge, Middle English leadge.
Etymology: Aphetic form of alegge, aledge allege v.1 (Perhaps sometimes confused with Middle English legge , dialect form of lay : see lay v.1)
Obsolete exc. dialect.
= allege v.1
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion without proof > [verb (transitive)]
ledgea1300
vouch1390
allege?a1400
suppose1411
pretendc1449
to-layc1450
reckonc1480
compare1536
obtend1573
make1593
represent1651
to trump up1697
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as plea
allegec1300
plead1429
ledge?a1500
a1300 Cursor Mundi 28646 He..leghges [Cotton Galba MS. aledges] for him no for-þi þat he na scrift mai vnderly.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 28679 If þis man..for-sakes penance neuer þe lese, and legges febulnes of flexse.
1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 41 Thou leggist oft Goddis lawe, bot to a false entente.
?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 187 Wher is the barron wher is the knighte for me to leadge the lawe?
c1530 Court of Love 1065 So he hath begon To reson fast, and legge auctorite.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxiii [They] shulden sene the same sentence they legen on other, springe out of their sydes, with so many braunches it were impossyble to nombre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 28 Nay 'tis no matter sir, what he leges in Latine. View more context for this quotation
1867 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 103 Ledge, to throw out suspicions; as, ‘A’ bodie's beginnin' t' ledge it he's nae far fae the brackan’. (2) With the preposition upon, to accuse; as ‘They ledge upon 'im it he cheatit the minister wee the sellan o's coo'.

Derivatives

ˈledging n.
ΚΠ
1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. Cv For all thare ledgin, of the lawis.
1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 359/2 He said it was nothing fitting To void pity his owne legging.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ledgev.2

Brit. /lɛdʒ/, U.S. /lɛdʒ/
Etymology: < ledge n.
rare.
1. intransitive. To form a ledge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > be placed horizontally [verb (intransitive)] > form a ledge
ledge1598
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 101 Euery boorde ledging ouer other.
1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 98 It [snow] melts on the south of every furrow leaving a white line where it has ledged on the northern side.
2. transitive. To furnish with ledges (obsolete); to form as a ledge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > furnish with ledges
ledge1599
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 22 The burdensome detrimentes of our hauen, which euery twelue-month deuoures a Iustice of peace liuing, in weares and banckes to beate off the sand and ouerthwart ledging and fencing it in.
1845 T. N. Talfourd Vacation Rambles I. 239 The road..sometimes pierced through the blasted rock, sometimes ledged along it.

Draft additions 1997

3. To place or rest (an object) on a ledge, or in a position offering only narrow or slight support.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > place (a thing) on for support
rest1420
stay1565
encradle1596
pillow1611
ledge1926
1926 A. Bennett Lord Raingo ii. lxxxvi. 403 She ledged a large photograph of Delphine against the foot of the bed.
1960 T. Hughes Lupercal 37 I could lean over The upper edge of the high half door, My left foot ledged on the hinge.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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