landscapen.

Brit.

/ˈlan(d)skeɪp/, U.S.

/ˈlæn(d)ˌskeɪp/

Forms: α. 1600s lan(d)-, landtschap, lantschape, landt-shape, landscap, landskap, ( lantskop, land-scept), 1600s–1700s landskape, landschape, landshape, landchape, 1600s– landscape. β. 1500s–1700s (1800s archaic) landskip; also 1500s launce-skippe, 1600s lan(d)tskip, lantsc(h)ip, lanscippe, land-, lantskipp.

Etymology: < Dutch landschap (= Old English landscipe masculine, Old Saxon landscepi neuter, Old High German lantscaf , modern German landschaft feminine, Old Norse landskap-r masculine), < land land n.¹ + -schap (see -ship suffix). The word was introduced as a technical term of painters; the corrupt form in -skip was according to our quots. a few years earlier than the more correct form.

a. A picture representing natural inland scenery, as distinguished from a sea picture, a portrait, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > a landscape or view

landscape1598

prospective1638

prospect1656

surveya1684

scenery1814

α.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 231 The cunning Painter..Limning a Land-scape, various, rich, and rare.

1605 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Wks. (1616) 893 First, for the Scene, was drawne a Landtschap, consisting of small woods.

1610 A. Gibson in J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie sig. (a)3^v As in a curious Lant-schape, oft we see Nature, so follow'd, as wee thinke it's shee.

1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch Ded. sig. C^v Let this part of the Landschape be cast into shadows, that the heightnings of the other may appear more beautiful.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing v. 271 If..you paint your landscapes in oil-colours.

1841 R. W. Emerson Art in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 353 In landscapes, the painter should give the suggestion of a fairer creation than we know.

1899 L. Cust in Nat. Gallery Brit. Art 8 The landscapes exhibited on this occasion by Constable.

β. 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. i. 94 In a table donne by Cæsar Sestius where hee had painted Landskipes.1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 154 Vallies such as are figured in the most beautifull land-skips.1648 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 216 I give alsoe vnto her La^pp, the landskipp inamiled vpon gold which is in the Dutch cabinett in my closett.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 83 Such a Troop as went to apprehend our Saviour, dressed after the same manner we find them on old Landskips.1702 Eng. Theophrastus 116 The perfections of a fine Landskip decrease, when you behold it at a close view.1721 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher (new ed.) III. xxv. xxix. 887 A noble Landskip of Men, Trees, Flowers..and such like.1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iv As a Painter who professes to draw a fair and distinct Landskip in the Twilight, when he can hardly distinguish a House from a Tree.

†b. spec. The background of scenery in a portrait or figure-painting. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > [noun] > a painting > part of > specific

tarage1439

field1555

sky1606

landscape1656

mass1662

incident1705

second ground1801

pick1836

negative space1949

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Landskip, Parergon, Paisage or By-work, which is an expressing of the Land, by Hills, Woods, Castles, Valleys, Rivers, Cities, &c. as far as may be shewed in our Horizon. All that which in a Picture is not of the body or argument thereof is Landskip, Parergon, or by-work.

1676 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1763) III. i. 74 I gave Mr. Manby two ounces of very good lake..in consideration of the landskip he did in the Countess of Clare's picture.

c. As adj. = oblong adj. 1c. Also as adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adjective] > type of format, breadth greater than height

landscape1932

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adverb] > formatted oblong-rectangular

landscape1932

1932 Sayers & Smart in W. Atkins Art & Pract. Printing I. xii. 139 The frontispiece..may be printed either upright (termed portrait) or broad way (termed landscape). If a full-page illustration be printed landscape, the inscription or caption beneath must read from foot to head.

1951 D. Bland Illustr. of Bks. ix. 146 The landscape plate is always a problem. It is unfortunate that the tall narrow format which is so suitable for a page of type does not lend itself to the average photograph.

1956 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design iii. 16 The same formats can..be used for landscape or oblong books.

1966 G. Hamilton-Edwards In Search Ancestry ii. 24 This can be done by buying the full quarto size exercise book..and asking a printer to cut it in half, wide-ways, or ‘landscape’... This gives you two booklets of 8″ × 5″.

a. A view or prospect of natural inland scenery, such as can be taken in at a glance from one point of view; a piece of country scenery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery

regardc1500

prospect1573

discovery1587

prospective1599

perspective1612

landscape?a1645

vista1657

coup d'œil1739

scape1773

survey1821

outlook1828

eyeshot1860

outscape1868

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > of country

landscape?a1645

α.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 630 O'er the shaded landscape rush'd the night.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 40 Sumptuous Cities..Gild our Landscape with their glittering Spires.

1751 T. Gray Elegy ii. 5 Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. v. 99 There are no two more different landscapes than the same under altered skies.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) ii. 11 What could be a fitter surrounding for this young English girl than this English-looking landscape?

β. ?a1645 A. Stafford Just Apol. in Life Blessed Virgin (1860) p. xxviii As terrible to them as a Lanscippe with a May-pole in it.1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 33 Streit mine eye hath caught new pleasures Whilst the Lantskip round it measures.1697 J. Addison Ess. Georgics in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ¶4 It raises in our Minds a pleasing variety of Scenes and Landskips.1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 411. ⁋2 Scenes and Landskips more beautiful than any that can be found in the whole Compass of Nature.1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 111 Thus we coasted the shore, fully employed in the contemplation of this inchanting landskip.1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 107 Where bright Herat, city of roses, lights With dome and minaret the landskip green.1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders iii. 29 The hues of the landskip and the sea.

b. A tract of land with its distinguishing characteristics and features, esp. considered as a product of modifying or shaping processes and agents (usually natural).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun]

chorography1617

pedography1625

topography1642

paysage1650

face1673

the lie of the land1697

carte du pays1744

terrain1766

network1839

landscape1886

land form1893

microtopography1941

1886 A. Geikie Class-bk. Geol. i. 2 The surface of a country is not now exactly as it used to be. We notice various changes of its topography going on now,..the accumulated effect of which may ultimately transform altogether the character of landscapes.

1896 Rep. 6th Internat. Geogr. Congr. 1895 749 We thus have six ranks of units: (1) The form-element. (2) The fundamental form [sc. land form]. (3) The group of forms or landscape. [Etc.].

1922 L. Mumford in H. E. Stearns Civilization in U.S. 4 West of the Alleghanies, the common, with its church and school, was not destined to dominate the urban landscape.

1925 Univ. Calif. Geogr. II. 37 The works of man express themselves in the cultural landscape. There may be a succession of these landscapes with a succession of cultures. They are derived in each case from the natural landscape, man expressing his place in nature as a distinct agent of modification.

1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. p. ix Geography cannot dispense with geomorphology, for a real understanding of the characters and development of the physical landscape is an indispensable preliminary to the study of the cultural landscape and of regions.

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xi. 191 In the Grampian Highlands an old peneplain, now dissected into a landscape of late youth or early maturity (though modified by glaciation), is easily recognised by the even skyline.

1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xiv. 364 Two contrasting ideas have developed regarding the ability of glaciers to modify by erosion the landscapes over which they move.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth vii. 100/1 (caption) Two photographs of the lunar crater Tycho.., whose ramparts rise 5 400 m above the level of its floor, though only 1 600 m above the level of the surrounding landscape.

1974 H. F. Garner (title) The origin of landscapes: a synthesis of geomorphology.

3. In generalized sense (from 1, 2): Inland natural scenery, or its representation in painting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > inland

landscape1602

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting

landscape1602

landscape-work1632

landscape-painting1706

landscape art1874

α.

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London Ded. A Drollerie (or Dutch peece of Lantskop).

1748 Hoare in Philos. Trans. 1747 (Royal Soc.) 44 570 These Pictures shew, that the Antients understood Perspective and Landschape.

1795 S. T. Coleridge Lines on Climbing Brockley Coomb What a luxury of landscape meets My gaze!

1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxxviii The true ideal of landscape is precisely the same as that of the human form.

1873 W. Pater Stud. Hist. Renaissance 142 The feeling for landscape is often described as a modern one.

β. 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. C2 Good peeces of lantskip, shew best a far off.a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 104 Like imagin'd Landskip in the Aire.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 142 The Sun..Discovering in wide Lantskip all the East Of Paradise and Edens happie Plains. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 854 Landskip in Picture.

4. In various transferred and figurative uses.

†a. A view, prospect of something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > product of thinking, thought > matter of thought > [noun] > mental model

landscape1612

thought-picture1844

mindscape1930

1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 14 In my mentall and priuate Peregrinations, taking a view and land-scape..of all the famous Courts and Cities of the world.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 165 Come then let us break the Heart of these Hills, and bless our Eyes with a Landskip of the Lowlands.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 3 Too great a distance to take a perfect Landschap, it being only discernible to be Land.

a1711 T. Ken Serm. preached at Whitehall in Prose Wks. (1838) 155 The Love of God..presented Daniel with a clearer land~scape of the Gospel than any other prophet ever had.

†b. A distant prospect: a vista. Obsolete. (Cf. 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > distant

landscape1599

offscape1711

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 4 I care not, if in a dimme farre of launce-skippe, I take the paines to describe this..Metropolis of the redde Fish.

1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow (4th impr.) sig. F The sinnes of other women shew in Landscip, far off and full of shadow; hers in Statue, neere hand, and bigger in the life.

1643 T. Fuller Serm. Reform. §6 The Jewes..saw Christ presented in a land-scept, and beheld him through the Perspective of faith.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 62 These storms appeared as Land-skaps and aloof.

1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 221 Nothing which this visible World can set before us is worthy our regard, especially when at the End of the Landskip the Invisible Glories of Heaven Solicit and Court our Love.

†c. The object of one's gaze. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun]

i-sightc888

sightc950

regard1586

aspectc1600

observed1604

visiona1616

landscape1659

eyefula1808

visibilia1936

1659 Lady Alimony ii. v. sig. C4 There is a Caranto-man with all my heart! must Beauty be his Land-skip on the seat of Justice?

a1663 Viscount Falkland Mariage Night (1664) i. 4 At distances, she is a Goodly Landskip.

†d. A sketch, adumbration, outline; occasionally: a faint or shadowy representation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation > obscure

shadow1382

shadowing1642

landscapea1649

spectre1849

a1649 W. Drummond Irene in Wks. (1711) 168 Imaginary and fantastical Councils, Landsikps [sic] of Commonwealths.

1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 69 Every single entity containes..an adumbration or landskip of the whole Vniverse.

a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 420 This is but a small Landskip of some of his Works of Power, the outsides and extremities of it.

1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 57 A Feint, a distant Landshape of immortal Joys.

1715 R. Bentley Serm. Popery 24 This short, but true Sketch and faithful Landskip of Popery.

†e. A compendium, epitome. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun]

abbreviationa1464

summary1509

breve1523

bridgement1523

abbreviate1531

summulary1533

breviary1547

extract1549

digest1555

brief1563

promptuary1577

abbreviature1578

institute1578

breviation1580

breviate1581

compendiary1589

symbol1594

ramass1596

compendium1608

abridgement1609

digestment1610

digestion1613

epitome1623

abridge1634

comprisal1640

comprisurea1641

syntome1641

medulla1644

multum in parvo1653

contracta1657

landscape1656

comprehension1659

sylloge1686

contraction1697

résumé1782

compend1796

sum-up1848

roundup1884

wrap-up1960

1656 in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1704) III. xv. 491 That Landskip [MS. lantskipp] of iniquity, that Sink of Sin, and that Compendium of baseness, who now calls himself our Protector.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 59 London..is..our England of England, and our Landskip and Representation of the whole Island.

1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 104 To give but a scantling and landskip of some of them.

1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 197 This scantling landskip or compendium.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. i. 28 That landscape of iniquity, that sink of sin,..Oliver Cromwell.]

†f. A bird's-eye view; a plan, sketch, map. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram

plat1508

plot1551

plack1552

placket1552

lineament1570

draught1580

landscape1642

plan1664

speculum1676

chart1880

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 32 Some have used to get on the top of the highest Steeple, where one may view..all the Countrey circumjacent..and so take a Landskip of it.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. viii. 10 If you saw the Landskip of it [sc. a house], you would be mightily taken with it.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 2 The weather clearing up, the Master and Mates drew out severall plots and Landscapes: which they had formerly taken upon the Coast of France and England.

?a1700 Frost of 1683–4 (Percy Soc.) p. xiv There was first a map, or landskip, cut in copper, representing all the manner of the camp.

1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 306 It rather resembles a Landskip of many Boroughs than a City.

†g. The depiction or description of something in words.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > description or a description of particular thing(s)

landscape1687

anthography1860

physiography1888

portrait parlé1913

1687 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II (ed. 2) II. vii. 119 Precepts and Discourses of Vertue are only the dead Pictures and artificial Landskips and Descriptions of it.

1689 Bp. G. Burnet Tracts I. 5 I will not describe the Valley of Dauphine, all to Chambery, nor entertain you with a Landskip of the Country, which deserves a better Pencil than mine.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A4^v To compare the Natural Face of the Country with the Landskips that the Poets have given us of it.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ⁋5 In this case the Poet seems to get the better of Nature; he takes indeed the Landskip after her, but gives it more vigorous Touches.

h. Other transferred and figurative uses.

ΚΠ

1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. x. 256 Let us return again to Athens and try to consider the intellectual landscape from the point of view of a well-educated man.

1953 A. Huxley Let. 31 Oct. (1969) 687 The jewelled palaces..may..be actual choses vues—items in the ordinary landscape of certain kinds of people.

1963 Listener 7 Mar. 405/1 The landscape of international politics is now very different from what it was only two or three years ago.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

landscape art n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting

landscape1602

landscape-work1632

landscape-painting1706

landscape art1874

1874 R. St. J. Tyrwhitt Our Sketching Club p. vii A series of papers on Landscape Art—that is to say on all works of art in which landscape is concerned.

landscape book-plate n.

ΚΠ

1880 J. L. Warren Guide Study Book-plates vi. 52 The landscape book-plate..was rather the lineal descendant of the Chippendale than of the Jacobean style.

landscape draughtsman n.

ΚΠ

1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 50 Dayes, the landscape-draftsman and geographical artist.

landscape-lover n.

ΚΠ

1882 Ld. Tennyson To Virgil ii Landscape-lover, lord of language.

landscape-work n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting

landscape1602

landscape-work1632

landscape-painting1706

landscape art1874

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) Landskip worke (in painting), païsage, grotesques.

C2.

landscape architect n. a practitioner of landscape architecture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] > types of gardener

arborist1578

nursery gardener1629

nurseryman1629

raiser1707

kitchen gardener1709

market gardener1727

curator1761

landscape-gardenera1763

plannerc1770

mail-gardener1798

landscape architect1863

trucker1868

plantsman1881

weekend gardener1884

groundsman1886

rock gardener1886

tea-gardener1903

landscapist1936

wild gardener1966

1863 6th Ann. Rep. Board of Commissioners Central Park (New York) 1862 between pp. 60–61 (Map) Olmsted and Vaux, Landscape Architects.

1879 Chicago Tribune 3 May 1/3 (advt.) H. W. S. Cleveland, Landscape Architect.

1890 C. Eliot Let. 3 Dec. in Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect (1924) xv. 273 Landscape gardening is that part of the landscape architect's labor which is directed to the development of formal or natural beauty by means of removing or setting out plants.

1927 T. H. Mawson Life & Work Eng. Landscape Architect xiv. 160 A young and able landscape architect..had heard me lecture in England.

1967 G. Collens in A. E. Weddle Techniques Landscape Archit. ii. 33/1 The employer should start by setting out his requirements as a basis for discussion with the landscape architect.

1972 Times 15 Sept. 2/1 For decades..landscape architects' services were not sufficiently appreciated.

landscape architecture n. the planning of parks or gardens to form an attractive landscape, often in association with the design of buildings, roads, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening

curtilagec1430

kitchen gardening?1700

landscape-gardeninga1763

picturesque gardeninga1763

window gardening1801

landscape architecture1840

rock gardening1840

market gardening1852

water gardening1870

wild gardening1870

olericulture1886

market work1887

trucking1897

tub-gardening1904

landscaping1930

greenswardsmanship1936

godwottery1937

sand gardening1960

xeriscaping1987

1840 J. C. Loudon in H. Repton Landscape Gardening & Landscape Archit. of H. Repton (new ed.) p. vii These writings [sc. of Gilpin and Price] are full of the most valuable instruction for the gardener, relative to the general composition of landscape scenery, and landscape architecture.

1865 F. L. Olmsted Let. 1 Aug. in F. L. Olmsted: Landscape Architect (1928) II. vi. 74 I am all the time bothered with the miserable nomenclature of L.A. Landscape is not a good word, Architecture is not; the combination is not—Gardening is worse.

1891 C. Eliot in Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect (1924) xx. 366 We cannot avoid seeing behind the fair figures of Gardening and Building a third figure of still nobler aspect..the art which, for want of a better name, is sometimes called Landscape Architecture.

1915 S. Parsons Art of Landscape Archit. p. vi The study of nature assisted by the best examples is the proper field for the study of landscape architecture.

1967 A. E. Weddle (title) Techniques in landscape architecture.

landscape-gardening n. the art of laying out grounds so as to produce the effect of natural scenery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening

curtilagec1430

kitchen gardening?1700

landscape-gardeninga1763

picturesque gardeninga1763

window gardening1801

landscape architecture1840

rock gardening1840

market gardening1852

water gardening1870

wild gardening1870

olericulture1886

market work1887

trucking1897

tub-gardening1904

landscaping1930

greenswardsmanship1936

godwottery1937

sand gardening1960

xeriscaping1987

a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 125 Gardening may be divided into three species—kitchen-gardening—parterre gardening—and landskip, or picturesque-gardening: which latter..consists in pleasing the imagination by scenes of grandeur, beauty, or variety.

1788 H. Repton in D. Stroud Humphry Repton (1962) ii. 37 I mean in this place to keep an account of the time employed and expenses incurr'd in this service at the same rate as if employ'd in my profession of Landscape Gardening.

1805 H. Repton (title) Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening.

1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 5 A park in the Brownean style of landscape-gardening.

1938 New Statesman 8 Jan. 56/2 In Andrew Young there are touches of a lesser, a more landscape-gardening Frost.

1946 R. Macaulay They went to Portugal 137 Landscape gardening always showed him [sc. William Beckford] at his most likeable.

1975 Garden Hist. III. ii. 1 Mavis Batey's essay on Goldsmith, ‘An Indictment of Landscape Gardening’, is the clearest and best exposition we have had of that frequent eighteenth-century occurrence, the destruction of villages and hamlets to further the creation of landscape gardens.

landscape-garden n. and v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > landscape-garden

landscape-garden1806

1806 J. Dallaway Observ. Eng. Archit. 245 Detached pieces of architecture are essential in creating a landscape garden.

1836 F. A. Kemble Let. 1 Mar. in Rec. Later Life (1882) I. 45 Adam and Eve landscape-gardened in Paradise, you know.

1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere iii. 17 The other day we heard that the philistines were going to landscape-garden it [sc. the place].

1941 E. Wilson Wound & Bow ii. 119 When the transfer [of the land] had been effected, Mrs. Kipling set out to landscape-garden it.

1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story i. 5 You don't care, Tommy, for wild nature tamed and landscape-gardened?

landscape-gardener n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] > types of gardener

arborist1578

nursery gardener1629

nurseryman1629

raiser1707

kitchen gardener1709

market gardener1727

curator1761

landscape-gardenera1763

plannerc1770

mail-gardener1798

landscape architect1863

trucker1868

plantsman1881

weekend gardener1884

groundsman1886

rock gardener1886

tea-gardener1903

landscapist1936

wild gardener1966

a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 139 I have used the word landskip-gardiners; because in pursuance of our present taste in gardening, every good painter of landskip appears to me the most proper designer.

1788 A. Seward Let. 14 Oct. (1811) II. 172 I should suppose nobody has ever been so well qualified as yourself [sc. H. Repton] for the profession you purpose to assume, that of landscape gardener.

1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 386 Useful to the General Planter, as well as to the Landscape Gardener.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 333 The landscape-gardeners of literature give to a paltry half-acre the air of a park.

landscape lens n. a lens used in photographing landscape.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of

portrait lens1852

short-focus lens1862

periscope1865

rectilinear1867

pantoscope1868

wide-angle1868

long lens1876

apochromatic1887

anastigmat1890

concentric lens1890

euryscope1890

landscape lens1890

rectigraph1890

symmetrical1890

concentric1893

telelens1893

telephoto1894

monocle1897

stigmat1901

stigmatic1902

Long Tom1910

zoom lens1932

Panavision1955

teleconverter1959

macro lens1961

zoom1969

macro1971

1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 179 A fairly good camera and a single landscape lens.

landscape marble n. a variety of marble which shows dendritic markings resembling shrubbery or trees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > marble > others

Florentine marble1706

Carraraa1728

rosso antico1730

giallo antico1741

campan1794

dolomite1794

ruin marble1798

turquin1811

picrite1814

landscape marble1816

snow1848

Irish green1850

palombino1859

Tennessee marble1875

corallite1883

stalagmite marble1895

Piastraccia1909

1816 R. Jameson Min. II. 196 It resembles in many respects the landscape marble.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 529 The well-known landscape marble or Cotham stone.

landscape mirror n. = Claude Lorraine glass n. ( Cent. Dict.).

landscape-painter n. one who paints landscapes, a landscapist.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > painter

landscape-worker1598

landscape-paintera1763

scenist1782

paysagist1815

panoramist1841

landscapist1846

a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 129 The landskip painter is the gardiner's best designer.

1779 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener (1931) 159 Those Gardens are Layd out under the Derections of Mr Robert one of the first Landskape painters in France.

1793 A. Murphy tr. Tacitus Ann. (1811) I. p. lxii What landskip painter can equal the description [etc.].

1842 Ld. Tennyson Lord of Burleigh in Poems (new ed.) II. 201 He is but a landscape-painter, And a village maiden she.

1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 22 Most true, yet most poetic of landscape-painters.

1937 Discovery July 211 The greatest of English landscape painters.

1974 B. Massingham Turn on Fountains iv. 65 They met a landscape painter..who confessed that he ‘could do nothing with Connemara’.

landscape-painting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting

landscape1602

landscape-work1632

landscape-painting1706

landscape art1874

1706 B. Buckeridge Ess. Eng. School in J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 455 He understood Landskip-Painting, and Perform'd in it to Perfection.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 402 Landscape-painting..may be said to have owed its origin to Titian.

† landscape-worker n. Obsolete a landscapist.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > painter

landscape-worker1598

landscape-paintera1763

scenist1782

paysagist1815

panoramist1841

landscapist1846

1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. i. 94 Barnazano, an excellent Landskip-worker.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	landscape
释义	landscapen. Brit. /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/, U.S. /ˈlæn(d)ˌskeɪp/ Forms: α. 1600s lan(d)-, landtschap, lantschape, landt-shape, landscap, landskap, ( lantskop, land-scept), 1600s–1700s landskape, landschape, landshape, landchape, 1600s– landscape. β. 1500s–1700s (1800s archaic) landskip; also 1500s launce-skippe, 1600s lan(d)tskip, lantsc(h)ip, lanscippe, land-, lantskipp. Etymology: < Dutch landschap (= Old English landscipe masculine, Old Saxon landscepi neuter, Old High German lantscaf , modern German landschaft feminine, Old Norse landskap-r masculine), < land land n.¹ + -schap (see -ship suffix). The word was introduced as a technical term of painters; the corrupt form in -skip was according to our quots. a few years earlier than the more correct form. 1. a. A picture representing natural inland scenery, as distinguished from a sea picture, a portrait, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > a landscape or view landscape1598 prospective1638 prospect1656 view1662 surveya1684 scenery1814 α. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 231 The cunning Painter..Limning a Land-scape, various, rich, and rare. 1605 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Wks. (1616) 893 First, for the Scene, was drawne a Landtschap, consisting of small woods. 1610 A. Gibson in J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie sig. (a)3^v As in a curious Lant-schape, oft we see Nature, so follow'd, as wee thinke it's shee. 1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch Ded. sig. C^v Let this part of the Landschape be cast into shadows, that the heightnings of the other may appear more beautiful. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing v. 271 If..you paint your landscapes in oil-colours. 1841 R. W. Emerson Art in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 353 In landscapes, the painter should give the suggestion of a fairer creation than we know. 1899 L. Cust in Nat. Gallery Brit. Art 8 The landscapes exhibited on this occasion by Constable. β. 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. i. 94 In a table donne by Cæsar Sestius where hee had painted Landskipes.1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 154 Vallies such as are figured in the most beautifull land-skips.1648 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 216 I give alsoe vnto her La^pp, the landskipp inamiled vpon gold which is in the Dutch cabinett in my closett.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 83 Such a Troop as went to apprehend our Saviour, dressed after the same manner we find them on old Landskips.1702 Eng. Theophrastus 116 The perfections of a fine Landskip decrease, when you behold it at a close view.1721 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher (new ed.) III. xxv. xxix. 887 A noble Landskip of Men, Trees, Flowers..and such like.1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iv As a Painter who professes to draw a fair and distinct Landskip in the Twilight, when he can hardly distinguish a House from a Tree. †b. spec. The background of scenery in a portrait or figure-painting. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > [noun] > a painting > part of > specific tarage1439 field1555 sky1606 landscape1656 mass1662 incident1705 second ground1801 pick1836 negative space1949 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Landskip, Parergon, Paisage or By-work, which is an expressing of the Land, by Hills, Woods, Castles, Valleys, Rivers, Cities, &c. as far as may be shewed in our Horizon. All that which in a Picture is not of the body or argument thereof is Landskip, Parergon, or by-work. 1676 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1763) III. i. 74 I gave Mr. Manby two ounces of very good lake..in consideration of the landskip he did in the Countess of Clare's picture. c. As adj. = oblong adj. 1c. Also as adv. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adjective] > type of format, breadth greater than height landscape1932 society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [adverb] > formatted oblong-rectangular landscape1932 1932 Sayers & Smart in W. Atkins Art & Pract. Printing I. xii. 139 The frontispiece..may be printed either upright (termed portrait) or broad way (termed landscape). If a full-page illustration be printed landscape, the inscription or caption beneath must read from foot to head. 1951 D. Bland Illustr. of Bks. ix. 146 The landscape plate is always a problem. It is unfortunate that the tall narrow format which is so suitable for a page of type does not lend itself to the average photograph. 1956 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design iii. 16 The same formats can..be used for landscape or oblong books. 1966 G. Hamilton-Edwards In Search Ancestry ii. 24 This can be done by buying the full quarto size exercise book..and asking a printer to cut it in half, wide-ways, or ‘landscape’... This gives you two booklets of 8″ × 5″. 2. a. A view or prospect of natural inland scenery, such as can be taken in at a glance from one point of view; a piece of country scenery. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery regardc1500 prospect1573 discovery1587 prospective1599 view1606 perspective1612 landscape?a1645 vista1657 coup d'œil1739 scape1773 survey1821 outlook1828 eyeshot1860 outscape1868 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > of country landscape?a1645 α. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 630 O'er the shaded landscape rush'd the night. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 40 Sumptuous Cities..Gild our Landscape with their glittering Spires. 1751 T. Gray Elegy ii. 5 Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. v. 99 There are no two more different landscapes than the same under altered skies. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) ii. 11 What could be a fitter surrounding for this young English girl than this English-looking landscape? β. ?a1645 A. Stafford Just Apol. in Life Blessed Virgin (1860) p. xxviii As terrible to them as a Lanscippe with a May-pole in it.1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 33 Streit mine eye hath caught new pleasures Whilst the Lantskip round it measures.1697 J. Addison Ess. Georgics in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ¶4 It raises in our Minds a pleasing variety of Scenes and Landskips.1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 411. ⁋2 Scenes and Landskips more beautiful than any that can be found in the whole Compass of Nature.1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 111 Thus we coasted the shore, fully employed in the contemplation of this inchanting landskip.1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 107 Where bright Herat, city of roses, lights With dome and minaret the landskip green.1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders iii. 29 The hues of the landskip and the sea. b. A tract of land with its distinguishing characteristics and features, esp. considered as a product of modifying or shaping processes and agents (usually natural). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] chorography1617 pedography1625 topography1642 paysage1650 face1673 the lie of the land1697 carte du pays1744 terrain1766 network1839 landscape1886 land form1893 microtopography1941 1886 A. Geikie Class-bk. Geol. i. 2 The surface of a country is not now exactly as it used to be. We notice various changes of its topography going on now,..the accumulated effect of which may ultimately transform altogether the character of landscapes. 1896 Rep. 6th Internat. Geogr. Congr. 1895 749 We thus have six ranks of units: (1) The form-element. (2) The fundamental form [sc. land form]. (3) The group of forms or landscape. [Etc.]. 1922 L. Mumford in H. E. Stearns Civilization in U.S. 4 West of the Alleghanies, the common, with its church and school, was not destined to dominate the urban landscape. 1925 Univ. Calif. Geogr. II. 37 The works of man express themselves in the cultural landscape. There may be a succession of these landscapes with a succession of cultures. They are derived in each case from the natural landscape, man expressing his place in nature as a distinct agent of modification. 1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. p. ix Geography cannot dispense with geomorphology, for a real understanding of the characters and development of the physical landscape is an indispensable preliminary to the study of the cultural landscape and of regions. 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xi. 191 In the Grampian Highlands an old peneplain, now dissected into a landscape of late youth or early maturity (though modified by glaciation), is easily recognised by the even skyline. 1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xiv. 364 Two contrasting ideas have developed regarding the ability of glaciers to modify by erosion the landscapes over which they move. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth vii. 100/1 (caption) Two photographs of the lunar crater Tycho.., whose ramparts rise 5 400 m above the level of its floor, though only 1 600 m above the level of the surrounding landscape. 1974 H. F. Garner (title) The origin of landscapes: a synthesis of geomorphology. 3. In generalized sense (from 1, 2): Inland natural scenery, or its representation in painting. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > inland landscape1602 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting landscape1602 landscape-work1632 landscape-painting1706 landscape art1874 α. 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London Ded. A Drollerie (or Dutch peece of Lantskop). 1748 Hoare in Philos. Trans. 1747 (Royal Soc.) 44 570 These Pictures shew, that the Antients understood Perspective and Landschape. 1795 S. T. Coleridge Lines on Climbing Brockley Coomb What a luxury of landscape meets My gaze! 1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xxxviii The true ideal of landscape is precisely the same as that of the human form. 1873 W. Pater Stud. Hist. Renaissance 142 The feeling for landscape is often described as a modern one. β. 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. C2 Good peeces of lantskip, shew best a far off.a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 104 Like imagin'd Landskip in the Aire.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 142 The Sun..Discovering in wide Lantskip all the East Of Paradise and Edens happie Plains. View more context for this quotation1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 854 Landskip in Picture. 4. In various transferred and figurative uses. †a. A view, prospect of something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > product of thinking, thought > matter of thought > [noun] > mental model landscape1612 thought-picture1844 mindscape1930 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 14 In my mentall and priuate Peregrinations, taking a view and land-scape..of all the famous Courts and Cities of the world. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 165 Come then let us break the Heart of these Hills, and bless our Eyes with a Landskip of the Lowlands. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 3 Too great a distance to take a perfect Landschap, it being only discernible to be Land. a1711 T. Ken Serm. preached at Whitehall in Prose Wks. (1838) 155 The Love of God..presented Daniel with a clearer land~scape of the Gospel than any other prophet ever had. †b. A distant prospect: a vista. Obsolete. (Cf. 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > distant landscape1599 offscape1711 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 4 I care not, if in a dimme farre of launce-skippe, I take the paines to describe this..Metropolis of the redde Fish. 1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow (4th impr.) sig. F The sinnes of other women shew in Landscip, far off and full of shadow; hers in Statue, neere hand, and bigger in the life. 1643 T. Fuller Serm. Reform. §6 The Jewes..saw Christ presented in a land-scept, and beheld him through the Perspective of faith. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 62 These storms appeared as Land-skaps and aloof. 1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 221 Nothing which this visible World can set before us is worthy our regard, especially when at the End of the Landskip the Invisible Glories of Heaven Solicit and Court our Love. †c. The object of one's gaze. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] i-sightc888 sightc950 regard1586 aspectc1600 observed1604 visiona1616 landscape1659 eyefula1808 visibilia1936 1659 Lady Alimony ii. v. sig. C4 There is a Caranto-man with all my heart! must Beauty be his Land-skip on the seat of Justice? a1663 Viscount Falkland Mariage Night (1664) i. 4 At distances, she is a Goodly Landskip. †d. A sketch, adumbration, outline; occasionally: a faint or shadowy representation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation > obscure shadow1382 shadowing1642 landscapea1649 spectre1849 a1649 W. Drummond Irene in Wks. (1711) 168 Imaginary and fantastical Councils, Landsikps [sic] of Commonwealths. 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 69 Every single entity containes..an adumbration or landskip of the whole Vniverse. a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 420 This is but a small Landskip of some of his Works of Power, the outsides and extremities of it. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 57 A Feint, a distant Landshape of immortal Joys. 1715 R. Bentley Serm. Popery 24 This short, but true Sketch and faithful Landskip of Popery. †e. A compendium, epitome. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] abbreviationa1464 summary1509 breve1523 bridgement1523 abbreviate1531 summulary1533 breviary1547 extract1549 digest1555 brief1563 promptuary1577 abbreviature1578 institute1578 breviation1580 breviate1581 compendiary1589 symbol1594 ramass1596 compendium1608 abridgement1609 digestment1610 digestion1613 epitome1623 abridge1634 comprisal1640 comprisurea1641 syntome1641 medulla1644 multum in parvo1653 contracta1657 landscape1656 comprehension1659 sylloge1686 contraction1697 résumé1782 compend1796 sum-up1848 roundup1884 wrap-up1960 1656 in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1704) III. xv. 491 That Landskip [MS. lantskipp] of iniquity, that Sink of Sin, and that Compendium of baseness, who now calls himself our Protector. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 59 London..is..our England of England, and our Landskip and Representation of the whole Island. 1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 104 To give but a scantling and landskip of some of them. 1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 197 This scantling landskip or compendium. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. i. 28 That landscape of iniquity, that sink of sin,..Oliver Cromwell.] †f. A bird's-eye view; a plan, sketch, map. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram plat1508 plot1551 plack1552 placket1552 lineament1570 draught1580 landscape1642 plan1664 speculum1676 chart1880 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 32 Some have used to get on the top of the highest Steeple, where one may view..all the Countrey circumjacent..and so take a Landskip of it. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. viii. 10 If you saw the Landskip of it [sc. a house], you would be mightily taken with it. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 2 The weather clearing up, the Master and Mates drew out severall plots and Landscapes: which they had formerly taken upon the Coast of France and England. ?a1700 Frost of 1683–4 (Percy Soc.) p. xiv There was first a map, or landskip, cut in copper, representing all the manner of the camp. 1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 306 It rather resembles a Landskip of many Boroughs than a City. †g. The depiction or description of something in words. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > description or a description of particular thing(s) landscape1687 anthography1860 physiography1888 portrait parlé1913 1687 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II (ed. 2) II. vii. 119 Precepts and Discourses of Vertue are only the dead Pictures and artificial Landskips and Descriptions of it. 1689 Bp. G. Burnet Tracts I. 5 I will not describe the Valley of Dauphine, all to Chambery, nor entertain you with a Landskip of the Country, which deserves a better Pencil than mine. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A4^v To compare the Natural Face of the Country with the Landskips that the Poets have given us of it. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ⁋5 In this case the Poet seems to get the better of Nature; he takes indeed the Landskip after her, but gives it more vigorous Touches. h. Other transferred and figurative uses. ΚΠ 1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. x. 256 Let us return again to Athens and try to consider the intellectual landscape from the point of view of a well-educated man. 1953 A. Huxley Let. 31 Oct. (1969) 687 The jewelled palaces..may..be actual choses vues—items in the ordinary landscape of certain kinds of people. 1963 Listener 7 Mar. 405/1 The landscape of international politics is now very different from what it was only two or three years ago. Compounds C1. General attributive. landscape art n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting landscape1602 landscape-work1632 landscape-painting1706 landscape art1874 1874 R. St. J. Tyrwhitt Our Sketching Club p. vii A series of papers on Landscape Art—that is to say on all works of art in which landscape is concerned. landscape book-plate n. ΚΠ 1880 J. L. Warren Guide Study Book-plates vi. 52 The landscape book-plate..was rather the lineal descendant of the Chippendale than of the Jacobean style. landscape draughtsman n. ΚΠ 1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 50 Dayes, the landscape-draftsman and geographical artist. landscape-lover n. ΚΠ 1882 Ld. Tennyson To Virgil ii Landscape-lover, lord of language. landscape-work n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting landscape1602 landscape-work1632 landscape-painting1706 landscape art1874 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) Landskip worke (in painting), païsage, grotesques. C2. landscape architect n. a practitioner of landscape architecture. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] > types of gardener arborist1578 nursery gardener1629 nurseryman1629 raiser1707 kitchen gardener1709 market gardener1727 curator1761 landscape-gardenera1763 plannerc1770 mail-gardener1798 landscape architect1863 trucker1868 plantsman1881 weekend gardener1884 groundsman1886 rock gardener1886 tea-gardener1903 landscapist1936 wild gardener1966 1863 6th Ann. Rep. Board of Commissioners Central Park (New York) 1862 between pp. 60–61 (Map) Olmsted and Vaux, Landscape Architects. 1879 Chicago Tribune 3 May 1/3 (advt.) H. W. S. Cleveland, Landscape Architect. 1890 C. Eliot Let. 3 Dec. in Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect (1924) xv. 273 Landscape gardening is that part of the landscape architect's labor which is directed to the development of formal or natural beauty by means of removing or setting out plants. 1927 T. H. Mawson Life & Work Eng. Landscape Architect xiv. 160 A young and able landscape architect..had heard me lecture in England. 1967 G. Collens in A. E. Weddle Techniques Landscape Archit. ii. 33/1 The employer should start by setting out his requirements as a basis for discussion with the landscape architect. 1972 Times 15 Sept. 2/1 For decades..landscape architects' services were not sufficiently appreciated. landscape architecture n. the planning of parks or gardens to form an attractive landscape, often in association with the design of buildings, roads, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening curtilagec1430 kitchen gardening?1700 landscape-gardeninga1763 picturesque gardeninga1763 window gardening1801 landscape architecture1840 rock gardening1840 market gardening1852 water gardening1870 wild gardening1870 olericulture1886 market work1887 trucking1897 tub-gardening1904 landscaping1930 greenswardsmanship1936 godwottery1937 sand gardening1960 xeriscaping1987 1840 J. C. Loudon in H. Repton Landscape Gardening & Landscape Archit. of H. Repton (new ed.) p. vii These writings [sc. of Gilpin and Price] are full of the most valuable instruction for the gardener, relative to the general composition of landscape scenery, and landscape architecture. 1865 F. L. Olmsted Let. 1 Aug. in F. L. Olmsted: Landscape Architect (1928) II. vi. 74 I am all the time bothered with the miserable nomenclature of L.A. Landscape is not a good word, Architecture is not; the combination is not—Gardening is worse. 1891 C. Eliot in Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect (1924) xx. 366 We cannot avoid seeing behind the fair figures of Gardening and Building a third figure of still nobler aspect..the art which, for want of a better name, is sometimes called Landscape Architecture. 1915 S. Parsons Art of Landscape Archit. p. vi The study of nature assisted by the best examples is the proper field for the study of landscape architecture. 1967 A. E. Weddle (title) Techniques in landscape architecture. landscape-gardening n. the art of laying out grounds so as to produce the effect of natural scenery. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening curtilagec1430 kitchen gardening?1700 landscape-gardeninga1763 picturesque gardeninga1763 window gardening1801 landscape architecture1840 rock gardening1840 market gardening1852 water gardening1870 wild gardening1870 olericulture1886 market work1887 trucking1897 tub-gardening1904 landscaping1930 greenswardsmanship1936 godwottery1937 sand gardening1960 xeriscaping1987 a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 125 Gardening may be divided into three species—kitchen-gardening—parterre gardening—and landskip, or picturesque-gardening: which latter..consists in pleasing the imagination by scenes of grandeur, beauty, or variety. 1788 H. Repton in D. Stroud Humphry Repton (1962) ii. 37 I mean in this place to keep an account of the time employed and expenses incurr'd in this service at the same rate as if employ'd in my profession of Landscape Gardening. 1805 H. Repton (title) Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening. 1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 5 A park in the Brownean style of landscape-gardening. 1938 New Statesman 8 Jan. 56/2 In Andrew Young there are touches of a lesser, a more landscape-gardening Frost. 1946 R. Macaulay They went to Portugal 137 Landscape gardening always showed him [sc. William Beckford] at his most likeable. 1975 Garden Hist. III. ii. 1 Mavis Batey's essay on Goldsmith, ‘An Indictment of Landscape Gardening’, is the clearest and best exposition we have had of that frequent eighteenth-century occurrence, the destruction of villages and hamlets to further the creation of landscape gardens. landscape-garden n. and v. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > landscape-garden landscape-garden1806 1806 J. Dallaway Observ. Eng. Archit. 245 Detached pieces of architecture are essential in creating a landscape garden. 1836 F. A. Kemble Let. 1 Mar. in Rec. Later Life (1882) I. 45 Adam and Eve landscape-gardened in Paradise, you know. 1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere iii. 17 The other day we heard that the philistines were going to landscape-garden it [sc. the place]. 1941 E. Wilson Wound & Bow ii. 119 When the transfer [of the land] had been effected, Mrs. Kipling set out to landscape-garden it. 1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story i. 5 You don't care, Tommy, for wild nature tamed and landscape-gardened? landscape-gardener n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] > types of gardener arborist1578 nursery gardener1629 nurseryman1629 raiser1707 kitchen gardener1709 market gardener1727 curator1761 landscape-gardenera1763 plannerc1770 mail-gardener1798 landscape architect1863 trucker1868 plantsman1881 weekend gardener1884 groundsman1886 rock gardener1886 tea-gardener1903 landscapist1936 wild gardener1966 a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 139 I have used the word landskip-gardiners; because in pursuance of our present taste in gardening, every good painter of landskip appears to me the most proper designer. 1788 A. Seward Let. 14 Oct. (1811) II. 172 I should suppose nobody has ever been so well qualified as yourself [sc. H. Repton] for the profession you purpose to assume, that of landscape gardener. 1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 386 Useful to the General Planter, as well as to the Landscape Gardener. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 333 The landscape-gardeners of literature give to a paltry half-acre the air of a park. landscape lens n. a lens used in photographing landscape. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of portrait lens1852 short-focus lens1862 periscope1865 rectilinear1867 pantoscope1868 wide-angle1868 long lens1876 apochromatic1887 anastigmat1890 concentric lens1890 euryscope1890 landscape lens1890 rectigraph1890 symmetrical1890 concentric1893 telelens1893 telephoto1894 monocle1897 stigmat1901 stigmatic1902 Long Tom1910 zoom lens1932 Panavision1955 teleconverter1959 macro lens1961 zoom1969 macro1971 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 179 A fairly good camera and a single landscape lens. landscape marble n. a variety of marble which shows dendritic markings resembling shrubbery or trees. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > marble > others Florentine marble1706 Carraraa1728 rosso antico1730 giallo antico1741 campan1794 dolomite1794 ruin marble1798 turquin1811 picrite1814 landscape marble1816 snow1848 Irish green1850 palombino1859 Tennessee marble1875 corallite1883 stalagmite marble1895 Piastraccia1909 1816 R. Jameson Min. II. 196 It resembles in many respects the landscape marble. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 529 The well-known landscape marble or Cotham stone. landscape mirror n. = Claude Lorraine glass n. ( Cent. Dict.). landscape-painter n. one who paints landscapes, a landscapist. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > painter landscape-worker1598 landscape-paintera1763 scenist1782 paysagist1815 panoramist1841 landscapist1846 a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 129 The landskip painter is the gardiner's best designer. 1779 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener (1931) 159 Those Gardens are Layd out under the Derections of Mr Robert one of the first Landskape painters in France. 1793 A. Murphy tr. Tacitus Ann. (1811) I. p. lxii What landskip painter can equal the description [etc.]. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Lord of Burleigh in Poems (new ed.) II. 201 He is but a landscape-painter, And a village maiden she. 1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 22 Most true, yet most poetic of landscape-painters. 1937 Discovery July 211 The greatest of English landscape painters. 1974 B. Massingham Turn on Fountains iv. 65 They met a landscape painter..who confessed that he ‘could do nothing with Connemara’. landscape-painting n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting landscape1602 landscape-work1632 landscape-painting1706 landscape art1874 1706 B. Buckeridge Ess. Eng. School in J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 455 He understood Landskip-Painting, and Perform'd in it to Perfection. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 402 Landscape-painting..may be said to have owed its origin to Titian. † landscape-worker n. Obsolete a landscapist. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > painter landscape-worker1598 landscape-paintera1763 scenist1782 paysagist1815 panoramist1841 landscapist1846 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. i. 94 Barnazano, an excellent Landskip-worker. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). landscapev. Brit. /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/, U.S. /ˈlæn(d)ˌskeɪp/ Etymology: < landscape n. 1. transitive. To represent as a landscape; to picture, depict. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [verb (transitive)] > represent as a landscape landscape1661 1661 B. Holyday Surv. World To Rdr. As weary travelour..oft..Landskippes the Vale, with pencil; placing here Medow, there Arable [etc.]. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 70 Putting solely that On panel somewhere in the House of Fame, Landscaping what I saved, not what I saw. 2. To lay out (a garden, etc.) as a landscape; to conceal or embellish (a building, road, etc.) by making it part of a continuous and harmonious landscape. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden [verb (transitive)] > landscape landscape1927 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [verb (transitive)] > lay out > as landscape landscape1927 1927 [implied in: Brit. Weekly 15 Dec. 283/2 Even factories..frequently have lovely landscaped grounds. (at landscaped adj.)]. 1957 Listener 13 June 949 The planners intend to plant trees round the perimeter and generally landscape the whole area. 1959 Motor 22 Apr. 410/1 New Roads..are ‘landscaped into the countryside and not stuck on it’. 1966 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 11 Jan. (1970) 350 The check would be given to landscape the new automobile entrance of the National Zoo. 1974 Country Life 17 Oct. 1095/1 The National Trust has landscaped the island. Derivatives ˈlandscaping n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening curtilagec1430 kitchen gardening?1700 landscape-gardeninga1763 picturesque gardeninga1763 window gardening1801 landscape architecture1840 rock gardening1840 market gardening1852 water gardening1870 wild gardening1870 olericulture1886 market work1887 trucking1897 tub-gardening1904 landscaping1930 greenswardsmanship1936 godwottery1937 sand gardening1960 xeriscaping1987 1930 N.Y. Times 9 Feb. xi. 2/1 Suburban developers and home owners are paying more attention to landscaping today. 1930 Publishers' Weekly 15 Feb. 858/2 Landscaping is about to become the topic of smart conversation, with the result that garden books should sell as never before. 1943 J. H. Forshaw & L. P. Abercrombie County of London Plan vii. 103 Landscaping must play an important part in the layout of these open spaces particularly those which provide a setting for the houses and blocks of flats. 1962 Daily Tel. 23 May 21/1 Some aspects of road landscaping were still not fully accepted in Britain. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1598v.1661
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landscapen.

Compounds

landscapev.

Derivatives