ladev.

Brit.

/leɪd/, U.S.

/leɪd/

Forms: Old English hladan, ( ladan), Middle English ( Orm.) ladenn, (Middle English lhade, 1500s laade, 1600s laid), ? Middle English– lade. past tense Old English hlód, (once gehléod), Middle English lode; weak Middle English– laded. past participle Old English ( ge)hladen, Middle English i-lade, Middle English–1500s (1700s Scottish poetic) lade, (1500s ladden, Scottish ladin), Middle English– laden; weak Middle English ladyd, 1500s– laded.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English hladan (hlód , gehladen ), corresponding to Old Frisian hlada , Old Saxon hladan (Dutch laden ), Old Norse hlaða (Swedish ladda ); with consonant-ablaut the word appears in Old High German hladan (German laden ), Gothic (af)hlaþan < Old Germanic *hlaþ- , hlað- < pre-Germanic *klat- , parallel with *klad- in Old Church Slavonic klasti to place. The general Germanic senses are those represented by branch I; branch II is peculiar to English, but Old Saxon has the sense ‘to put (liquor) into a vessel’, as a particular application of a sense similar to 2 below. Another derivative of the root is Middle High German luot burden, mass, multitude < Old Germanic *hlôþâ; in the Old English hlóð booty, multitude, Old Low German hlótha booty, this type seems to have coalesced with Old Germanic *hlanþâ. The past tense has from 15th cent. been conjugated weak. The past participle is still usually strong when used in the senses of branch I; in those of branch II it is now always weak.

I. To load.

a. transitive. To put the cargo on board (a ship). Also (now only in passive) to load (a vehicle, a beast of burden).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > load or unload cargo > load a ship or a cargo

ladeOE

fill1297

fraughtc1400

freightc1503

load?1504

ballasta1616

stow1692

cargo1889

OE Beowulf 896 Sæbat gehleod.

OE Beowulf 1897 Þa wæs on sande sægeap naca hladen herewædum.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 197 A boot þat was so hevy lade wiþ men þat folowede hym þat it sanke doun.

a1400 Coer de L. 1384 Thrittene schyppys i-lade with hyvys Of bees.

a1400 Coer de L. 1388 Another schyp was laden..With an engyne hyghte Robynet.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 983 To lade a cart or fill a barwe.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. vi. 211 Our kervalis howis ladis and prymys he With huge charge of siluir.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xii. 12 The chefest that is amonge you, shall lade his shoulders in the darcke, and get him awaye.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xlii. 26 They laded their asses with the corne.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 69. ¶5 Our Ships are laden with the Harvest of every Climate.

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix A foreign ship richly laded with wines.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 325 A sledge..kept laden to meet emergencies.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 45 He..help'd At lading and unlading the tall barks.

b. To load (a person) with gifts, etc., (a tree, branch) with fruit; to charge or fill abundantly. Now only in past participle laden, loaded, fraught, heavily charged with. †Also, to lade up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > abundantly

lade1481

laden1514

frequent1682

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) iv. 22 Whan he myght fynde the messagers of Charlemayn, he charged and laded them alle with richesses of thoryent.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) i. 5 A tree wel laden and charged of fruyte.

1629 J. Smith True Trav. 9 With every man a bundle of sedge and bavins still throwne before them, so laded up the Lake, as [etc.].

1674 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 130 Corn..the earlier it is sown, cæteris paribus, the better laden it is.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Fable Acis, Polyphemus & Galatea in Examen Poeticum 89 Than Apples fairer, when the boughs they lade.

1820 P. B. Shelley Sensitive Plant in Prometheus Unbound 172 A northern whirlwind..Shook the boughs thus laden.

1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 344 Shores laden with all kinds of beauty.

1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) iv. 71 These..sandstones are laden with a profusion of fossils.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. i. 25 Her eyes were laden with tears.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 47 [The air] must have become laden with moisture.

c. To burden, load oppressively; chiefly in immaterial sense. Now only (somewhat archaic) in past participle, burdened with sin, sorrow, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy > add weight to > excessively or weigh down

overchargea1325

overcarkc1330

overladea1387

chargea1398

laden1514

overburden1532

ladea1538

overload1553

overpressa1577

overweigh1576

surcharge1582

to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595

overpoise1598

overweight1811

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden

charka1300

chargec1308

cark1330

liea1400

labour1437

onerate1453

endossa1500

onera1500

laden1514

load1526

aggravate1530

lay1530

honorate1533

ladea1538

burden1541

ballast1566

loaden1568

degravate1574

aburden1620

pregravate1654

comble1672

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [adjective] > encumbering > burdening > burdened

ycarked1340

bowed1382

loaden1542

ladenc1595

burdenous1614

laded1630

undisburdened1659

undischarged1671

burdened1697

lade1724

beladen1850

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 19 Yf we be thys lade wyth ignorance.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 159 It is not lawful for any to lade his neighbours waules with rafters.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. ii. sig. D.iij Doth not loue lade you?

1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. C^v Lade him with Yrons.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 119 I..do confesse I haue Bene laden with like frailties.

a1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 54 To lade no one man with too much preferment.

1648 Bp. J. Hall Breathings Devout Soul xiv. 21 Saviour, thy sinner is sufficiently laden with the burden of his iniquities.

1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick xv. vi. 420 Miserable Woman-Kind is commonly laded with..manifold Diseases.

1724 A. Ramsay Health 143 Phimos, who by his livid colour shews Him lade with vile diseases.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 90 Laden with the sin which they had committed.

a. To put or place as a burden, freight, or cargo; now only, to ship (goods) as cargo.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > load

seamc950

ladeOE

fethre?c1225

charge1297

lastc1400

load?1504

laden1514

loaden1568

burden1570

endorse1671

freight1829

sling load1933

OE Riddle 3 65 Þonne hnige eft under lyfte helm londe near, ond me on hrycg hlade þæt ic habban sceal, meahtum gemagnad mines frean.

OE Beowulf 2775 Him on bearm hladon bunan ond discas sylfes dome.

OE Genesis 2902 Ongan þa ad hladan, æled weccan, and gefeterode fet and honda bearne sinum.

a1300 K. Horn 1409 Ston he dude lade, And lym therto he made.

1472–3 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 309 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 From the porte that the saide marchandise is lade unto the porte of the said citie.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxviii. 580 Thenne fet he stones & morter in grete plente..and I promyse you that reynawd laded more atones than xv. other dyde.

1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 9 §3 No person..shall enbote or lade..anie wheate..in anie picard.

1666 Oxf. Gaz. No. 16/2 A Legorn ship..bound to Tunis with moneys to lade Corn.

1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 347 He had his Vessel seized by the Genoese, when lading wine for our Fleet.

1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames viii. 261 It is impossible to lade or deliver Cargoes.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cxiv. 641 The surplus products..must be laden on board the vessels.

b. absol. or intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > be transported by water [verb (intransitive)] > load > of vessel

lade1488

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 10 Quhen thai off hay was ladand most bysse.

1611 Bible (King James) Neh. iv. 17 They that bare burdens, with those that laded .

1667 London Gaz. No. 202/1 As many light ships come in the last evening Tyde to lade.

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 179 At this High-land of Ariquipa, is good anchoring, where Vessels use to lade.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 450 A pier..at which vessels..lade and unlade.

†3. To lay a burden of (guilt) upon. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute

witec893

challenge1297

weena1300

to bear upon —c1300

likenc1400

layc1425

to put upa1438

object1447

establish1483

impose1484

reproach1490

annotea1513

lade1535

appoint1553

burden1559

clap1609

to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611

upcast1825

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxii. 8 Make a battlement aboute thy rofe, that thou lade not bloude vpon thine house yf eny man fall therof.

a1542 T. Wyatt Psalm li. Prol. 523 in Coll. Poems (1969) Hym semith that the shade Off his offence agayne his force assays By violence dispaire on hym to lade.

†4. To load or charge (a gun); also, to load (cartridges) in a gun. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun)

charge1541

mors1552

proine1591

prime1598

load1626

lade1633

powder1643

shot1681

reload1727

reprime1759

slug1831

cap1856

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun) > load (powder or cartridges)

prime1612

lade1633

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia (1810) iii. viii. 569 Going to lade her againe, their Gunner was slaine at his Peece.

1635 Ld. Lindsey in Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 335/1 To command the Gunners to laid Cartrages.

1690 Mor. Ess. Present Times vii. 129 Cannon-like, will discharge but once till they are new Laden.

II. To draw water.

a. transitive. To draw (water); to take up or remove (water or other fluids) from a river, a vessel, etc., with a ladle, scoop, or by similar means; to bale. †occasionally with cognate obj. (Now chiefly technical and dialect)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > by a ladle, shovel, etc.

ladec950

keach1387

shovelc1440

scuppet1599

spoon1715

ladle1859

the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > extract liquid [verb (transitive)] > in buckets, esp. from a well

ladec950

draw?a1300

lavec1374

raise1607

bucket1640

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > bail

scoopc1330

lade1340

empt1555

free1612

bail1614

bale1692

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John iv. 7 Cuom uif of ðær byrig to ladanne [Rushw. hladanne] uæter.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 9 Þa þenas soðlice wiston þe þæt wæter hlodon.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 180 Ænne ealdne munuc wæter hladende.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 19313 We lodenn alle twinne ladd. Off hiss godnessess welle.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14044 Gaþ..& ladeþþ upp. & bereþþ itt. Till þallderrmann onn hæfedd.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1475 (Kölbing) Þai..Þe water vp loden þo, Al way bi to & to.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 178 Alsuo ase hit behoueþ ofte þet ssip lhade out þet weter þet alneway geþ in.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 283/2 Ladyn or lay water..vatilo.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 37 Thei hadde a-wey the erthe, and fonde the water, and dede it to laden oute.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 600/1 I laade water with a scoup or any other thyng out of a dytche or pytte.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 10 Then lade forth your Liquor, and set it a cooling.

1674 J. Ray Smelting Silver in Coll. Eng. Words 114 It is laded out and cast into long square bars.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Brewery The first Wort..must be pumped or laded off into one or more Coolers.

1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 47 To lade off the Whey clear from Curd.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 585 By lading the glass out of one pot into another..with copper ladles.

1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. 254 Out of this underbuck you must lade the ale-wort into the tun-tub.

b. absol. or intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > [verb (intransitive)] > by ladling

lade1613

1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. v. 87 Or with their hats (for fish) lade in a Brooke.

1620 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. V. N.T. ii. 458 She did not thinke best to lade at the shallow channell, but runs rather to the well-head.

1736 Compl. Family-piece i. vi. 199 You must gradually lade out of the second Copper.

†6. To empty by ‘lading’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > leave unoccupied [verb (transitive)] > empty > empty by scooping or ladling

overladea1387

lade?1533

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Siv^v Whan a man doth come To the great see For to lade it [Fr. lespuisér].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. ii. 139 Like one that..chides the Sea..Saying hee'le lade it dry.

1628 Bp. J. Hall Olde Relig. vii. iii. 68 Wee are not they, who thinke to lade the Sea with an egge-shell.

†7. transitive. Of a ship: To let in (water). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > take in (water)

lade1412

ship1698

dish1847

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. iii The shyp..was so staunche it myht no water lade.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 601/1 I lade, I take in water, as a shyp or bote that is nat staunched... This bote ladeth in water a pace.

Compounds

The verb stem used in combination with names of vessels used in lading.

† lade-bowl n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun]

ladlea1000

spoocher1294

scoopc1330

lade-bowl1420

laving-bowl1457

bail1466

jet1501

lade-pail1558

lade-gallonc1575

lade-mele1579

spudgel1775

dipper1783

baler1875

bailer1883

tabo1900

1420 Inv. in Linc. Chapter Acc. Bk. A. 2. 30 lf. 69 1 ladebolle..6d.

lade-bucket n.

ΚΠ

1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire Lade-bucket, a small dipping-bucket, used in brewing, &c.

lade-gallon n. (dialectlade-gawn, lade-gorn)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun]

ladlea1000

spoocher1294

scoopc1330

lade-bowl1420

laving-bowl1457

bail1466

jet1501

lade-pail1558

lade-gallonc1575

lade-mele1579

spudgel1775

dipper1783

baler1875

bailer1883

tabo1900

c1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 234 The air sall haue..the best brewing leid, the mask fat, with tub, barrellis, and laid~gallon.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Lade-gorn, a pail with a long handle to lade water out with. Derb. Also called a lade-pail.

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Lade-gawn,..any vessel for lading out liquid.

† lade-mele n. [? Middle English meal n.³, bowl] Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun]

ladlea1000

spoocher1294

scoopc1330

lade-bowl1420

laving-bowl1457

bail1466

jet1501

lade-pail1558

lade-gallonc1575

lade-mele1579

spudgel1775

dipper1783

baler1875

bailer1883

tabo1900

1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. 401 Bruers measures, as barrells, kilderkins, firkins, runletts, lademeales, gallons.

lade-pail n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun]

ladlea1000

spoocher1294

scoopc1330

lade-bowl1420

laving-bowl1457

bail1466

jet1501

lade-pail1558

lade-gallonc1575

lade-mele1579

spudgel1775

dipper1783

baler1875

bailer1883

tabo1900

1558 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 87 Paid for a vesselle and a lad payle to putt in lyme.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Late pail A late-pail (or lade-pail) is commonly used for dipping hot water from a copper, or for making cider.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	lade
释义	† laden.¹ Forms: Also Old English hlæd, Middle English ladd. Etymology: < lade v. (Old English hlæd is commonly compared with Old Norse hlað stack, pile, and interpreted ‘mound’, because it renders Latin agger; but the sense of ‘burden’ is possible.) Obsolete. (a) Draught. (b) Load, burden, lading. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > load or lot of specific size or abundance ladec897 cheapc1384 shock1582 commodity1592 allotment1703 piece1774 break1864 lot1872 bulka1888 chance lot1888 trucklot1943 society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > a load ladec897 seamc950 lastOE burdena1000 charge?c1225 load?c1225 burnc1375 draughta1400 summerc1400 portage1445 pauchlea1450 fraughtc1450 freightc1503 loadinga1513 carriage1597 ballast1620 cargo1657 porterage1666 freightage1823 smalls1846 journey1859 send-off1909 payload1914 the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow > a rain or load of blows ladec897 showerOE stormOE c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 160 Besittað hie utan..& berað hiere hlæd to [L. comportabis aggerem]. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 19313 We lodenn alle twinne ladd. Off hiss godnessess welle. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1663 With hym faught a yong knyght Ech on other laid good lode. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxxvij ^v/1 That they may be in our sayde Landis and lordshippys for too bye and gader lade and freith and cary awaye, or doo to bee caryed awey and conueied in to the sayde kyngdom of england. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). laden.² Brit. /leɪd/, U.S. /leɪd/ Etymology: apparently a variant of lead n.² (which occurs much earlier in the same sense); perhaps confused with lade , the regular Scots and northern form of lode n., Old English lád . The synonymous leat n. is not etymologically related. 1. A channel constructed for leading water to a mill-wheel; a mill-race. (Often in combination mill-lade.) Chiefly Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > mill-race mill-troughOE outshot1362 mill-lead1434 mill fleam1475 mill-race1478 waylead1547 mill-leat1609 waterlead1641 mill-run1652 water lane1718 wash-milla1722 overshot1760 head race1780 mill-course1804 lade1808 wheel-race1825 mill lade1827 dam- 1808–80 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Lade, lead. 1862 Act 25 & 26 Victoria c. 97 §6 The construction or alteration of mill dams, or lades, or water wheels so as to afford a reasonable means for the passage of salmon. 1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (1880) 106 A corn-mill, which was driven by a lade that flowed through the same spot. 1868 Perthshire Jrnl. 18 June Some fine sport was enjoyed; but the salmon on two or three occasions made a rush into the lade and escaped. 2. A noun lade, with a sense ‘channel, watercourse, mouth of a river’, has been evolved by etymologists from place-names in which the last element is -lade (Old English gelád channel, as in Creccagelád Cricklade); the interpretation has been suggested by lade v. The word was admitted into Bailey's and Johnson's dictionaries, and has occasionally been used in literature. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel runeOE sitchOE pipeOE sichetc1133 guttera1300 siket1300 sikec1330 watergate1368 gole?a1400 gotea1400 flout14.. aa1430 trough1513 guta1552 race1570 lode1572 canala1576 ditch1589 trink1592 leam1601 dike1616 runlet1630 stell1651 nullah1656 course1665 drain1700 lade1706 droke1772 regimen1797 draught1807 adit1808 sluit1818 thalweg1831 runway1874 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. To Rdr. 34 How many learned men haue mistaken the name of a place neere Oxford called Creklade? as if it sauored of Greeke, when it is but old English, and signifies Ostium riuuli, a place where some Creeke or little brooke doth lade or empty it selfe into a greater water.] 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Lada (in old Records),..a Lade, Lading, or Course of Water. 1721–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Lade, a Passage of Water, the Mouth of a River. 1865 C. Kingsley Hereward II. xi. 180 Cotinglade..seemingly a lade, leat, or canal through Cottenham Fen to the Westwater. 1873 H. Kingsley Oakshott xxvi. 184 Every trickling tiny lade, every foaming brook, told its own story. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). laden.³ Brit. /leɪd/, U.S. /leɪd/ Etymology: ? < lade v. local. A board or rail fixed to the side of a cart or waggon to give greater width. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > parts of > body > plank or rail > to increase capacity cart-staff1297 thripple14.. rathe1459 summer1510 cart-ladder?1523 rail1530 rave1530 shelboard1569 wain-flakes1570 load-pina1642 shelvingsa1642 cop1679 float1686 lade1686 outrigger1794 shelvement1808 sideboard1814 heck1825 hay-rigging1855 floating rail1892 1686 London Gaz. No. 2188/4 Lost..a short turn Waggon, with two pair of Harness and a Cart Saddle, with Wheel Lades. 1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words 1875 R. D. Blackmore Alice Lorraine III. v. 72 The vice-president's cart was in the shed close by, and on the front lade sat Bonny. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ladev. Brit. /leɪd/, U.S. /leɪd/ Forms: Old English hladan, ( ladan), Middle English ( Orm.) ladenn, (Middle English lhade, 1500s laade, 1600s laid), ? Middle English– lade. past tense Old English hlód, (once gehléod), Middle English lode; weak Middle English– laded. past participle Old English ( ge)hladen, Middle English i-lade, Middle English–1500s (1700s Scottish poetic) lade, (1500s ladden, Scottish ladin), Middle English– laden; weak Middle English ladyd, 1500s– laded. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic strong verb: Old English hladan (hlód , gehladen ), corresponding to Old Frisian hlada , Old Saxon hladan (Dutch laden ), Old Norse hlaða (Swedish ladda ); with consonant-ablaut the word appears in Old High German hladan (German laden ), Gothic (af)hlaþan < Old Germanic hlaþ- , hlað-* < pre-Germanic klat- , parallel with klad- in Old Church Slavonic klasti to place. The general Germanic senses are those represented by branch I; branch II is peculiar to English, but Old Saxon has the sense ‘to put (liquor) into a vessel’, as a particular application of a sense similar to 2 below. Another derivative of the root is Middle High German luot burden, mass, multitude < Old Germanic hlôþâ; in the Old English hlóð* booty, multitude, Old Low German hlótha booty, this type seems to have coalesced with Old Germanic hlanþâ. The past tense has from 15th cent. been conjugated weak. The past participle is still usually strong when used in the senses of branch I; in those of branch II it is now always weak. I. To load. 1. a. transitive. To put the cargo on board (a ship). Also (now only in passive) to load (a vehicle, a beast of burden). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > load or unload cargo > load a ship or a cargo ladeOE fill1297 fraughtc1400 freightc1503 load?1504 ballasta1616 stow1692 cargo1889 OE Beowulf* 896 Sæbat gehleod. OE Beowulf 1897 Þa wæs on sande sægeap naca hladen herewædum. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 197 A boot þat was so hevy lade wiþ men þat folowede hym þat it sanke doun. a1400 Coer de L. 1384 Thrittene schyppys i-lade with hyvys Of bees. a1400 Coer de L. 1388 Another schyp was laden..With an engyne hyghte Robynet. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 983 To lade a cart or fill a barwe. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. vi. 211 Our kervalis howis ladis and prymys he With huge charge of siluir. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xii. 12 The chefest that is amonge you, shall lade his shoulders in the darcke, and get him awaye. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xlii. 26 They laded their asses with the corne. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 69. ¶5 Our Ships are laden with the Harvest of every Climate. 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix A foreign ship richly laded with wines. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 325 A sledge..kept laden to meet emergencies. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 45 He..help'd At lading and unlading the tall barks. b. To load (a person) with gifts, etc., (a tree, branch) with fruit; to charge or fill abundantly. Now only in past participle laden, loaded, fraught, heavily charged with. †Also, to lade up. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > abundantly lade1481 laden1514 frequent1682 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) iv. 22 Whan he myght fynde the messagers of Charlemayn, he charged and laded them alle with richesses of thoryent. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) i. 5 A tree wel laden and charged of fruyte. 1629 J. Smith True Trav. 9 With every man a bundle of sedge and bavins still throwne before them, so laded up the Lake, as [etc.]. 1674 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 130 Corn..the earlier it is sown, cæteris paribus, the better laden it is. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Fable Acis, Polyphemus & Galatea in Examen Poeticum 89 Than Apples fairer, when the boughs they lade. 1820 P. B. Shelley Sensitive Plant in Prometheus Unbound 172 A northern whirlwind..Shook the boughs thus laden. 1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 344 Shores laden with all kinds of beauty. 1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) iv. 71 These..sandstones are laden with a profusion of fossils. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. i. 25 Her eyes were laden with tears. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 47 [The air] must have become laden with moisture. c. To burden, load oppressively; chiefly in immaterial sense. Now only (somewhat archaic) in past participle, burdened with sin, sorrow, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy > add weight to > excessively or weigh down overchargea1325 overcarkc1330 overladea1387 chargea1398 laden1514 overburden1532 ladea1538 overload1553 overpressa1577 overweigh1576 surcharge1582 to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595 overpoise1598 overweight1811 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden charka1300 chargec1308 cark1330 liea1400 labour1437 onerate1453 endossa1500 onera1500 laden1514 load1526 aggravate1530 lay1530 honorate1533 ladea1538 burden1541 ballast1566 loaden1568 degravate1574 aburden1620 pregravate1654 comble1672 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [adjective] > encumbering > burdening > burdened ycarked1340 bowed1382 loaden1542 ladenc1595 burdenous1614 laded1630 undisburdened1659 undischarged1671 burdened1697 lade1724 beladen1850 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 19 Yf we be thys lade wyth ignorance. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 159 It is not lawful for any to lade his neighbours waules with rafters. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. ii. sig. D.iij Doth not loue lade you? 1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. C^v Lade him with Yrons. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 119 I..do confesse I haue Bene laden with like frailties. View more context for this quotation a1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 54 To lade no one man with too much preferment. 1648 Bp. J. Hall Breathings Devout Soul xiv. 21 Saviour, thy sinner is sufficiently laden with the burden of his iniquities. 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick xv. vi. 420 Miserable Woman-Kind is commonly laded with..manifold Diseases. 1724 A. Ramsay Health 143 Phimos, who by his livid colour shews Him lade with vile diseases. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 90 Laden with the sin which they had committed. 2. a. To put or place as a burden, freight, or cargo; now only, to ship (goods) as cargo. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > load seamc950 ladeOE fethre?c1225 charge1297 lastc1400 load?1504 laden1514 loaden1568 burden1570 endorse1671 freight1829 sling load1933 OE Riddle 3 65 Þonne hnige eft under lyfte helm londe near, ond me on hrycg hlade þæt ic habban sceal, meahtum gemagnad mines frean. OE Beowulf 2775 Him on bearm hladon bunan ond discas sylfes dome. OE Genesis 2902 Ongan þa ad hladan, æled weccan, and gefeterode fet and honda bearne sinum. a1300 K. Horn 1409 Ston he dude lade, And lym therto he made. 1472–3 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 309 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 From the porte that the saide marchandise is lade unto the porte of the said citie. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxviii. 580 Thenne fet he stones & morter in grete plente..and I promyse you that reynawd laded more atones than xv. other dyde. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 9 §3 No person..shall enbote or lade..anie wheate..in anie picard. 1666 Oxf. Gaz. No. 16/2 A Legorn ship..bound to Tunis with moneys to lade Corn. 1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 347 He had his Vessel seized by the Genoese, when lading wine for our Fleet. 1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames viii. 261 It is impossible to lade or deliver Cargoes. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cxiv. 641 The surplus products..must be laden on board the vessels. b. absol. or intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > be transported by water [verb (intransitive)] > load > of vessel lade1488 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 10 Quhen thai off hay was ladand most bysse. 1611 Bible (King James) Neh. iv. 17 They that bare burdens, with those that laded . View more context for this quotation 1667 London Gaz. No. 202/1 As many light ships come in the last evening Tyde to lade. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 179 At this High-land of Ariquipa, is good anchoring, where Vessels use to lade. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 450 A pier..at which vessels..lade and unlade. †3. To lay a burden of (guilt) upon. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute witec893 challenge1297 weena1300 to bear upon —c1300 likenc1400 layc1425 to put upa1438 object1447 establish1483 impose1484 reproach1490 annotea1513 lade1535 appoint1553 burden1559 clap1609 to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611 upcast1825 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxii. 8 Make a battlement aboute thy rofe, that thou lade not bloude vpon thine house yf eny man fall therof. a1542 T. Wyatt Psalm li. Prol. 523 in Coll. Poems (1969) Hym semith that the shade Off his offence agayne his force assays By violence dispaire on hym to lade. †4. To load or charge (a gun); also, to load (cartridges) in a gun. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun) charge1541 mors1552 proine1591 prime1598 load1626 lade1633 powder1643 shot1681 reload1727 reprime1759 slug1831 cap1856 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun) > load (powder or cartridges) prime1612 lade1633 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia (1810) iii. viii. 569 Going to lade her againe, their Gunner was slaine at his Peece. 1635 Ld. Lindsey in Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts (1704) iii. 335/1 To command the Gunners to laid Cartrages. 1690 Mor. Ess. Present Times vii. 129 Cannon-like, will discharge but once till they are new Laden. II. To draw water. 5. a. transitive. To draw (water); to take up or remove (water or other fluids) from a river, a vessel, etc., with a ladle, scoop, or by similar means; to bale. †occasionally with cognate obj. (Now chiefly technical and dialect) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > by a ladle, shovel, etc. ladec950 keach1387 shovelc1440 scuppet1599 spoon1715 ladle1859 the world > matter > liquid > action or process of extracting > extract liquid [verb (transitive)] > in buckets, esp. from a well ladec950 draw?a1300 lavec1374 raise1607 bucket1640 society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > bail scoopc1330 lade1340 empt1555 free1612 bail1614 bale1692 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John iv. 7 Cuom uif of ðær byrig to ladanne [Rushw. hladanne] uæter. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 9 Þa þenas soðlice wiston þe þæt wæter hlodon. c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 180 Ænne ealdne munuc wæter hladende. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 19313 We lodenn alle twinne ladd. Off hiss godnessess welle. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14044 Gaþ..& ladeþþ upp. & bereþþ itt. Till þallderrmann onn hæfedd. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1475 (Kölbing) Þai..Þe water vp loden þo, Al way bi to & to. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 178 Alsuo ase hit behoueþ ofte þet ssip lhade out þet weter þet alneway geþ in. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 283/2 Ladyn or lay water..vatilo. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 37 Thei hadde a-wey the erthe, and fonde the water, and dede it to laden oute. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 600/1 I laade water with a scoup or any other thyng out of a dytche or pytte. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 10 Then lade forth your Liquor, and set it a cooling. 1674 J. Ray Smelting Silver in Coll. Eng. Words 114 It is laded out and cast into long square bars. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Brewery The first Wort..must be pumped or laded off into one or more Coolers. 1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 47 To lade off the Whey clear from Curd. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 585 By lading the glass out of one pot into another..with copper ladles. 1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. 254 Out of this underbuck you must lade the ale-wort into the tun-tub. b. absol. or intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [verb (intransitive)] > by ladling lade1613 1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. v. 87 Or with their hats (for fish) lade in a Brooke. 1620 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. V. N.T. ii. 458 She did not thinke best to lade at the shallow channell, but runs rather to the well-head. 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. vi. 199 You must gradually lade out of the second Copper. †6. To empty by ‘lading’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > leave unoccupied [verb (transitive)] > empty > empty by scooping or ladling overladea1387 lade?1533 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Siv^v Whan a man doth come To the great see For to lade it [Fr. lespuisér]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. ii. 139 Like one that..chides the Sea..Saying hee'le lade it dry. View more context for this quotation 1628 Bp. J. Hall Olde Relig. vii. iii. 68 Wee are not they, who thinke to lade the Sea with an egge-shell. †7. transitive. Of a ship: To let in (water). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > take in (water) lade1412 ship1698 dish1847 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. iii The shyp..was so staunche it myht no water lade. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 601/1 I lade, I take in water, as a shyp or bote that is nat staunched... This bote ladeth in water a pace. Compounds The verb stem used in combination with names of vessels used in lading. † lade-bowl n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun] ladlea1000 spoocher1294 scoopc1330 lade-bowl1420 laving-bowl1457 bail1466 jet1501 lade-pail1558 lade-gallonc1575 lade-mele1579 spudgel1775 dipper1783 baler1875 bailer1883 tabo1900 1420 Inv. in Linc. Chapter Acc. Bk. A. 2. 30 lf. 69 1 ladebolle..6d. lade-bucket n. ΚΠ 1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire Lade-bucket, a small dipping-bucket, used in brewing, &c. lade-gallon n. (dialectlade-gawn, lade-gorn) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun] ladlea1000 spoocher1294 scoopc1330 lade-bowl1420 laving-bowl1457 bail1466 jet1501 lade-pail1558 lade-gallonc1575 lade-mele1579 spudgel1775 dipper1783 baler1875 bailer1883 tabo1900 c1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 234 The air sall haue..the best brewing leid, the mask fat, with tub, barrellis, and laid~gallon. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Lade-gorn, a pail with a long handle to lade water out with. Derb. Also called a lade-pail. 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Lade-gawn,..any vessel for lading out liquid. † lade-mele n. [? Middle English meal n.³, bowl] Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun] ladlea1000 spoocher1294 scoopc1330 lade-bowl1420 laving-bowl1457 bail1466 jet1501 lade-pail1558 lade-gallonc1575 lade-mele1579 spudgel1775 dipper1783 baler1875 bailer1883 tabo1900 1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. 401 Bruers measures, as barrells, kilderkins, firkins, runletts, lademeales, gallons. lade-pail n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel for scooping liquid > [noun] ladlea1000 spoocher1294 scoopc1330 lade-bowl1420 laving-bowl1457 bail1466 jet1501 lade-pail1558 lade-gallonc1575 lade-mele1579 spudgel1775 dipper1783 baler1875 bailer1883 tabo1900 1558 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 87 Paid for a vesselle and a lad payle to putt in lyme. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Late pail A late-pail (or lade-pail) is commonly used for dipping hot water from a copper, or for making cider. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c897n.²1706n.³1686v.c950
随便看	niblike nibmar nibong nibong palm nibs nibsome nibung nic nicad nicad battery nicad cell nicads nicaean nicam nicanee nicaragua nicaragua wood nicaraguan nicardipine niccolic niccoliferous nessus shirt nessus' shirt nessus-robe nessusrobe

† laden.1

laden.2

laden.3

ladev.

Compounds

† laden.¹

laden.²

laden.³