lacrimaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈlakrᵻml/, U.S.

/ˈlækrəməl/

Forms: late Middle English lacrimale, 1500s–1600s lachrimall, 1500s–1600s lachrymall, 1500s–1600s lacrimall, 1500s–1600s lacrymall, 1600s lachrimal, 1600s–1900s lacrymal, 1600s– lachrymal, 1700s– lacrimal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lacrimalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin lacrimalis, lachrymalis worthy of tears, pitiful, mournful, lamentable (12th cent. in a British source), that produces tears (13th cent. in Lanfranc; 14th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin lacrima , lacruma (in post-classical Latin also lacryma , lachryma ) tear (see lachryma n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare lachrymal adj. and n.Compare Old French lacrimel , Middle French lacrimal , Middle French, French lacrymal , †lachrymal (c1300 as noun, denoting the lacrimal sac, c1370 as adjective), Spanish lagrimal , †lacrimal (c1250 as noun, 15th cent. as adjective), Portuguese lacrimal , lagrimal (15th cent. as adjective; also as noun), Italian lacrimale , †lagrimale (14th cent. as adjective and noun). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin lacrimalis lacrimal organ (1363 in Chauliac). Spelling history. With the formal variation, compare discussions at lachryma n. and lachrymal adj. and n.

Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology.

A. adj.

Originally: located in the inner angle of the eye; †designating the angles of the eye, spec. the inner angle (obsolete). In later use also: designating any of the anatomical structures involved in the secretion and drainage of tears; of, relating to, or associated with these structures.lacrimal bone, lacrimal duct, lacrimal gland, etc.: see Compounds. See also lacrimal punctum at punctum n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [adjective]

lacrimal?a1425

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > glands of conjunctiva

lacrimal?a1425

lachrymatory1770

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 130^v (MED) Be it kut with sherez in eschewyng þe membrane..& þe lacrimale flesh [L. carnem lachrymalis] as is seid.

1571 T. Hill Contempl. Mankinde xviii. f. 57^v The lacrymall or inner corner of the eie, when the same is little and narrowe: doth signifie a craftie person.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxix. vi. 367 The fistulaes which are between the lachrymall corners of the eies and the nose.

1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide iv. iii. 137 Before the Fat be removed, the two Glandules or Kernels are to be considered in their Scituation, of which one is of the greatest moment, Viz. The Lachrymal or Tear-Kernel; whose substance you shal observe to be Fleshy, soft and smal.

1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes 79 The other Kirnel of the Eye, (commonly nameless, but deserves chiefly to be called Lachrymal) beginning at the lesser corner of the Eye, leaning on the back of the Eye, under the upper Eye-lid.

1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. i. 36 Towards the anteriour Edge, is a Groove full of small Holes, like a Sieve, call'd the lachrymal Groove.

1868 Nat. Encycl. I. 803 Many antelopes possess lachrymal or sub-orbital sinuses.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 27 The lachrymal apparatus consists of the gland for secreting tears and the passages for draining them off.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 824 The lacrimal gland..is supplied by the sympathetic and lacrimal nerves. [1909 (ed. 3) lachrymal.]

1930 A. M. Marshall et al. Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 322 The lacrimal foramen is formed by a deep notch in the outer border of the lacrimal bone, completed in front by the orbital process of the maxilla.

1978 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 81 301 The preserved floor of the lacrimal canal indicates that this passage turns anteriorly.

2009 J. R. O. Collin Man. Systematic Eyelid Surg. (ed. 3) viii. 165 In addition to epiphora, a patient with lacrimal obstruction may also be troubled by the presence of a mucocele with its attendant mucous or mucopurulent discharge.

B. n.

†1. An angle of the eye, spec. the inner (medial) angle; (also) a structure in the angle of the eye believed to be the source of tears (probably the lacrimal caruncle, papilla, or punctum). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 129^v Of apostemz..& vlcerez of þe lacrimalez..it is seid ynoȝ aboue.

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 43 (MED) Spongiouse flesche fulfillynge þe spaces aboute þe lacrimales [L. lacrimales], i. corners of þe eyȝen.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Pj^v Lykewyse they [sc. cauteres] be applyed to y^e lachrymalles [Fr. lacrimaulx] to consume the superflue flesshe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. vi. 42 Burnes and scaldings are healed with a liniment made of Porret or Leeke blades: likewise the Epinyctides, for so in this place I tearme that ulcer, which in the Lachrymall or corner of the eie runneth and watereth continually.

2. A lacrimal bone (see Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > socket of eye > parts of or associated with

eyebrow1583

meditullium1683

superciliary ridge1726

superciliary arch1733

supraorbital1797

lacrimal1822

suborbital1824

suborbitary1825

suborbitar1828

superciliary1831

eyebrow ridge1837

eye cap1837

orbitosphenoid1847

prefrontal1851

superorbital1854

jugum sphenoidale1887

ungual bone1888

1822 Trans. Geol. Soc. 1 i. Explanation Plates sig. 2A3 It would have been a far more convenient order to have introduced next to these bones, the nasals..and the lachrymals.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iii. 85 The lachrymals are small bones, one of which is placed at the anterior part of the inner wall of each orbit.

1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 15 406 In some species, notably Loris, no lachrymal was found, but there can be little doubt that its absence is due to early fusion with the maxillary.

1958 W. E. Swinton Fossil Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 2) viii. 47 The skull shows the loss of certain facial bones (nasal and lachrymals).

2012 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 32 1020/2 The nasal is a rectangular element, which contacts the frontal and prefrontal posteriorly, and the lacrimal laterally.

3. A lacrimal gland; (also) a lacrimal duct (rare). See Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > types of gland > [noun]

miliary gland1691

mucilaginous gland1691

mucous gland1699

acinus1702

crypta1726

glandule1751

crypt1804

globate gland1813

ganglion1819

submaxillary1824

lacrimal1829

germ gland1840

sweat-gland1845

ductless glands1849

lymph node1892

metasternal1965

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > tear duct

lacrimal1829

tear-passage1892

1829 X. Tessier tr. L. J. Bégin French Pract. Med. I. iii. 127 The greater number of diseases of the lachrymals [Fr. voies lacrymales], of the eye and eyelids, are the result of ancient and deep seated inflammations.

1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 331/1 Our lachrymals were unhumected, our lachrymatories never called into requisition.

1887 Bot. Gaz. 12 265 It may be said that the odor of wood-smoke excites the lachrymals, although it is not alliaceous.

1914 Coll. Papers 1913 (Mayo Clinic) 579 The lacrimals and accessory lacrimals, sublinguals, submaxillary, and parotid glands are all greatly enlarged.

1994 J. Singh et al. in D. A. Sullivan Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film & Dry Eye Syndromes 59 Protein output from the lacrimal is secreted mainly by the acinar cells which form about 80% of the gland.

2003 J. Kingdon Lowly Origins ix. 325 The main gland types are sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine (there are also tear-producing lacrimals, [etc.]).

Compounds

See also lacrimal punctum at punctum n. 3b.

lacrimal bone n. [after post-classical Latin os lacrymale (1649 or earlier)] (in a human being) a small, thin, roughly rectangular bone forming part of the medial wall of the orbit of the eye; (also) a corresponding bone in other vertebrates.

ΚΠ

1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide i. x. 12 These bones are not Proper, excepting the ungular, or Lacrymal bone, but partly portions of the bones of the Skul, partly portions of the bones of the uper Jaw.

1855 L. Holden Human Osteol. 84 The lachrymal bones..are situated..on the inner wall of the orbit.

2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals ii. 26/2 At the anteromedial margin of the orbit are the lacrimal bones.

lacrimal canaliculus n. a small duct leading from a lacrimal punctum to the lacrimal sac.

ΚΠ

1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 71 There may also remain an entire destruction of the lachrymal canaliculi [Ger. Thränenkanälchen].

1978 Jrnl. Parasitol. 64 1147/2 The ducts of the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid, as well as the lacrimal canaliculi were opened and washed with saline.

2009 C. L. Martin Ophthalmic Dis. Vet. Med. i. 18/2 A normal test does not ensure the entire lacrimal ductal system is patent, as only one patent lacrimal canaliculus and punctum is necessary for a positive test.

lacrimal caruncle n. [after post-classical Latin caruncula lachrymalis (1594 or earlier)] the small red body in the inner (medial) angle of the eye, which bears a few hairs and contains modified sweat and sebaceous glands.

ΚΠ

1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. Appendix 35/1 The Lachrymal Caruncle in the internal Angle of the Eye.

1827 Lancet 2 June 269/2 Then it appeared that the lachrymal caruncle was involved in the disease and was preternaturally swelled and vascular.

1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies xv. 362 That fleshy pink thing is the lacrimal caruncle.

2004 Corinth 9 117/2 The eyes [of the statues] are wide open, the eyeballs rounding outward. The lachrymal caruncle is lightly set off.

lacrimal duct n. (a) the nasolacrimal duct, through which tears drain into the nose; (b) a lacrimal canaliculus; (c) any of the very small ducts conveying tears from a lacrimal gland into the eye.

ΚΠ

1697 R. Baker Cursus Osteologicus iii. 53 There's a small Foramina, in each call'd Lachrimale, in which the Lachrimal Duct passes to the Nose.

1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. i. 33 A small anteriour Eminence or transverse Line, between the nasal Opening, and the lower end of the lachrymal Duct.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 78 From these lachrymal ducts..the tears flow through the ducts of the nasal bones.

1853 Lancet 18 June 553/1 The morbid action, creeping through the puncta lachrymalia and along the canaliculi or lachrymal ducts, reaches the lachrymal sac.

1866 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (1869) ix. §25 Under certain circumstances..the secretion of the lachrymal gland exceeds the drainage power of the lachrymal duct, and the fluid, accumulating,..overflows in the form of tears.

1950 D. B. Kirby Surg. Cataract xii. 276/1 Care must be exercised to prevent the solution from going through the lacrimal duct to the nose.

1978 European Jrnl. Pediatrics 129 83 The topography and morphology of the lacrimal ducts in newborn infants was demonstrated by means of post mortem dacryocystograms and of histologic slides.

2006 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 4383/2 As in living haplorhines, the course of the lacrimal ductis vertical.

lacrimal fistula n. [after post-classical Latin fistula lacrimalis (14th cent.)] an abnormal opening or passage communicating with the lacrimal sac or a lacrimal duct, typically resulting in the leaking of tears on to the face.

ΚΠ

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 15^v In this place is engendred the lachrymall Fistule, called also Ægilops.

1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers ii. xii. 170 If in an Ægilops or lachrymal Fistula the bone of the nose be corrupted by the humor staying in the embosment, then two wayes of curing are offered.

1833 Lancet 9 Feb. 611/1 Alexandrine Chalon..came to the Hôtel Dieu, to be treated for a lachrymal fistula at the inner angle of the left eye.

2015 D. P. Schaefer in A. J. Cohen et al. Lacrimal Syst. v. 46/1 Congenital lacrimal fistulas are estimated to occur one in 2,000.

lacrimal gland n. [compare post-classical Latin glandula lachrymalis (1649 or earlier), French glandule lacrymale (16th cent. in Paré as †glandule lachrymale ), both earliest in sense (a)] †(a) the lacrimal caruncle (obsolete); (b) any of the glands responsible for the secretion of tears, the largest of which is located in the upper outer (lateral) part of the orbit.The upper and lower eyelids and the conjunctival sac contain very small collections of glandular tissue known as accessory lacrimal glands; cf. Krause n. c.

ΚΠ

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. iv. vi. 328 (margin) Observat[ion] of an Excrescence upon the lacrymal Gland.

1698 W. Cowper Anat. Humane Bodies Table 11 sig. F^v/1 The Superior Lachrimal Gland.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 215 The Contraction of the Lacrymal Glands, whereby they are evacuated.

1835 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Nov. 262 Mirth moves the diaphragm and the risorius muscle, and grief acts on the abdomen and lachrymal glands.

1919 Lancet 10 May 792/2 During the stage of surgical anæsthesia the lacrymal glands cease to secrete.

1933 E. Wolff Anat. Eye & Orbit iii. 113 The glands of Krause are accessory lacrimal glands occurring under the conjunctiva from the fornix to the convex border of the tarsus.

2007 Daily Tel. 17 Sept. 27/8 The cornea will dry out, prompting the lachrymal glands to overcompensate by producing an excess of tears.

lacrimal papilla n. a small fleshy projection on the margin of each eyelid near the inner (medial) angle, containing a lacrimal punctum (the opening of a lacrimal canaliculus).

ΚΠ

1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 67 As the inflammation attacks the lachrymal papillæ [Ger. Thränenwärzchen] and canaliculi, the absorption of the tears is consequently suspended.

1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 778/1 I found..some redness and undue prominence of the upper lacrymal papilla.

2015 H. P. Barham & T. T. Kingdom in M. A. Scholes & V. R. Ramaksrishnan ENT Secrets (ed. 4) xxx. 207 The lacrimal papillae are located medially on the posterior edge of the upper and lower eyelids.

lacrimal sac n. the dilated upper portion of the nasolacrimal duct, into which the lacrimal canaliculi open.

ΚΠ

1698 J. Keill Anat. Humane Body 154 They are the two Orifices of the Lachrymal Sack, which is situated in this corner, upon the Os Lachrymale.

1853 Lancet 18 June 553/1 The morbid action, creeping through the puncta lachrymalia and along the canaliculi or lachrymal ducts, reaches the lachrymal sac.

2011 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 July 206/1 Rarely, a firm mass may represent a lacrimal sac tumour and is a red flag sign.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lacrimal
释义	lacrimaladj.n. Brit. /ˈlakrᵻml/, U.S. /ˈlækrəməl/ Forms: late Middle English lacrimale, 1500s–1600s lachrimall, 1500s–1600s lachrymall, 1500s–1600s lacrimall, 1500s–1600s lacrymall, 1600s lachrimal, 1600s–1900s lacrymal, 1600s– lachrymal, 1700s– lacrimal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lacrimalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin lacrimalis, lachrymalis worthy of tears, pitiful, mournful, lamentable (12th cent. in a British source), that produces tears (13th cent. in Lanfranc; 14th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin lacrima , lacruma (in post-classical Latin also lacryma , lachryma ) tear (see lachryma n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare lachrymal adj. and n.Compare Old French lacrimel , Middle French lacrimal , Middle French, French lacrymal , †lachrymal (c1300 as noun, denoting the lacrimal sac, c1370 as adjective), Spanish lagrimal , †lacrimal (c1250 as noun, 15th cent. as adjective), Portuguese lacrimal , lagrimal (15th cent. as adjective; also as noun), Italian lacrimale , †lagrimale (14th cent. as adjective and noun). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin lacrimalis lacrimal organ (1363 in Chauliac). Spelling history. With the formal variation, compare discussions at lachryma n. and lachrymal adj. and n. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. A. adj. Originally: located in the inner angle of the eye; †designating the angles of the eye, spec. the inner angle (obsolete). In later use also: designating any of the anatomical structures involved in the secretion and drainage of tears; of, relating to, or associated with these structures.lacrimal bone, lacrimal duct, lacrimal gland, etc.: see Compounds. See also lacrimal punctum at punctum n. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [adjective] lacrimal?a1425 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > glands of conjunctiva lacrimal?a1425 lachrymatory1770 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 130^v (MED) Be it kut with sherez in eschewyng þe membrane..& þe lacrimale flesh [L. carnem lachrymalis] as is seid. 1571 T. Hill Contempl. Mankinde xviii. f. 57^v The lacrymall or inner corner of the eie, when the same is little and narrowe: doth signifie a craftie person. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxix. vi. 367 The fistulaes which are between the lachrymall corners of the eies and the nose. 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide iv. iii. 137 Before the Fat be removed, the two Glandules or Kernels are to be considered in their Scituation, of which one is of the greatest moment, Viz. The Lachrymal or Tear-Kernel; whose substance you shal observe to be Fleshy, soft and smal. 1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes 79 The other Kirnel of the Eye, (commonly nameless, but deserves chiefly to be called Lachrymal) beginning at the lesser corner of the Eye, leaning on the back of the Eye, under the upper Eye-lid. 1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. i. 36 Towards the anteriour Edge, is a Groove full of small Holes, like a Sieve, call'd the lachrymal Groove. 1868 Nat. Encycl. I. 803 Many antelopes possess lachrymal or sub-orbital sinuses. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 27 The lachrymal apparatus consists of the gland for secreting tears and the passages for draining them off. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 824 The lacrimal gland..is supplied by the sympathetic and lacrimal nerves. [1909 (ed. 3) lachrymal.] 1930 A. M. Marshall et al. Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 322 The lacrimal foramen is formed by a deep notch in the outer border of the lacrimal bone, completed in front by the orbital process of the maxilla. 1978 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 81 301 The preserved floor of the lacrimal canal indicates that this passage turns anteriorly. 2009 J. R. O. Collin Man. Systematic Eyelid Surg. (ed. 3) viii. 165 In addition to epiphora, a patient with lacrimal obstruction may also be troubled by the presence of a mucocele with its attendant mucous or mucopurulent discharge. B. n. †1. An angle of the eye, spec. the inner (medial) angle; (also) a structure in the angle of the eye believed to be the source of tears (probably the lacrimal caruncle, papilla, or punctum). Obsolete. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 129^v Of apostemz..& vlcerez of þe lacrimalez..it is seid ynoȝ aboue. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 43 (MED) Spongiouse flesche fulfillynge þe spaces aboute þe lacrimales [L. lacrimales], i. corners of þe eyȝen. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Pj^v Lykewyse they [sc. cauteres] be applyed to y^e lachrymalles [Fr. lacrimaulx] to consume the superflue flesshe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. vi. 42 Burnes and scaldings are healed with a liniment made of Porret or Leeke blades: likewise the Epinyctides, for so in this place I tearme that ulcer, which in the Lachrymall or corner of the eie runneth and watereth continually. 2. A lacrimal bone (see Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > socket of eye > parts of or associated with eyebrow1583 meditullium1683 superciliary ridge1726 superciliary arch1733 supraorbital1797 lacrimal1822 suborbital1824 suborbitary1825 suborbitar1828 superciliary1831 eyebrow ridge1837 eye cap1837 orbitosphenoid1847 prefrontal1851 superorbital1854 jugum sphenoidale1887 ungual bone1888 1822 Trans. Geol. Soc. 1 i. Explanation Plates sig. 2A3 It would have been a far more convenient order to have introduced next to these bones, the nasals..and the lachrymals. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iii. 85 The lachrymals are small bones, one of which is placed at the anterior part of the inner wall of each orbit. 1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 15 406 In some species, notably Loris, no lachrymal was found, but there can be little doubt that its absence is due to early fusion with the maxillary. 1958 W. E. Swinton Fossil Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 2) viii. 47 The skull shows the loss of certain facial bones (nasal and lachrymals). 2012 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 32 1020/2 The nasal is a rectangular element, which contacts the frontal and prefrontal posteriorly, and the lacrimal laterally. 3. A lacrimal gland; (also) a lacrimal duct (rare). See Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > types of gland > [noun] miliary gland1691 mucilaginous gland1691 mucous gland1699 acinus1702 crypta1726 glandule1751 crypt1804 globate gland1813 ganglion1819 submaxillary1824 lacrimal1829 germ gland1840 sweat-gland1845 ductless glands1849 lymph node1892 metasternal1965 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > tear duct lacrimal1829 tear-passage1892 1829 X. Tessier tr. L. J. Bégin French Pract. Med. I. iii. 127 The greater number of diseases of the lachrymals [Fr. voies lacrymales], of the eye and eyelids, are the result of ancient and deep seated inflammations. 1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 331/1 Our lachrymals were unhumected, our lachrymatories never called into requisition. 1887 Bot. Gaz. 12 265 It may be said that the odor of wood-smoke excites the lachrymals, although it is not alliaceous. 1914 Coll. Papers 1913 (Mayo Clinic) 579 The lacrimals and accessory lacrimals, sublinguals, submaxillary, and parotid glands are all greatly enlarged. 1994 J. Singh et al. in D. A. Sullivan Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film & Dry Eye Syndromes 59 Protein output from the lacrimal is secreted mainly by the acinar cells which form about 80% of the gland. 2003 J. Kingdon Lowly Origins ix. 325 The main gland types are sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine (there are also tear-producing lacrimals, [etc.]). Compounds See also lacrimal punctum at punctum n. 3b. lacrimal bone n. [after post-classical Latin os lacrymale (1649 or earlier)] (in a human being) a small, thin, roughly rectangular bone forming part of the medial wall of the orbit of the eye; (also) a corresponding bone in other vertebrates. ΚΠ 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide i. x. 12 These bones are not Proper, excepting the ungular, or Lacrymal bone, but partly portions of the bones of the Skul, partly portions of the bones of the uper Jaw. 1855 L. Holden Human Osteol. 84 The lachrymal bones..are situated..on the inner wall of the orbit. 2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals ii. 26/2 At the anteromedial margin of the orbit are the lacrimal bones. lacrimal canaliculus n. a small duct leading from a lacrimal punctum to the lacrimal sac. ΚΠ 1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 71 There may also remain an entire destruction of the lachrymal canaliculi [Ger. Thränenkanälchen]. 1978 Jrnl. Parasitol. 64 1147/2 The ducts of the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid, as well as the lacrimal canaliculi were opened and washed with saline. 2009 C. L. Martin Ophthalmic Dis. Vet. Med. i. 18/2 A normal test does not ensure the entire lacrimal ductal system is patent, as only one patent lacrimal canaliculus and punctum is necessary for a positive test. lacrimal caruncle n. [after post-classical Latin caruncula lachrymalis (1594 or earlier)] the small red body in the inner (medial) angle of the eye, which bears a few hairs and contains modified sweat and sebaceous glands. ΚΠ 1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. Appendix 35/1 The Lachrymal Caruncle in the internal Angle of the Eye. 1827 Lancet 2 June 269/2 Then it appeared that the lachrymal caruncle was involved in the disease and was preternaturally swelled and vascular. 1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies xv. 362 That fleshy pink thing is the lacrimal caruncle. 2004 Corinth 9 117/2 The eyes [of the statues] are wide open, the eyeballs rounding outward. The lachrymal caruncle is lightly set off. lacrimal duct n. (a) the nasolacrimal duct, through which tears drain into the nose; (b) a lacrimal canaliculus; (c) any of the very small ducts conveying tears from a lacrimal gland into the eye. ΚΠ 1697 R. Baker Cursus Osteologicus iii. 53 There's a small Foramina, in each call'd Lachrimale, in which the Lachrimal Duct passes to the Nose. 1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. i. 33 A small anteriour Eminence or transverse Line, between the nasal Opening, and the lower end of the lachrymal Duct. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 78 From these lachrymal ducts..the tears flow through the ducts of the nasal bones. 1853 Lancet 18 June 553/1 The morbid action, creeping through the puncta lachrymalia and along the canaliculi or lachrymal ducts, reaches the lachrymal sac. 1866 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (1869) ix. §25 Under certain circumstances..the secretion of the lachrymal gland exceeds the drainage power of the lachrymal duct, and the fluid, accumulating,..overflows in the form of tears. 1950 D. B. Kirby Surg. Cataract xii. 276/1 Care must be exercised to prevent the solution from going through the lacrimal duct to the nose. 1978 European Jrnl. Pediatrics 129 83 The topography and morphology of the lacrimal ducts in newborn infants was demonstrated by means of post mortem dacryocystograms and of histologic slides. 2006 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 4383/2 As in living haplorhines, the course of the lacrimal ductis vertical. lacrimal fistula n. [after post-classical Latin fistula lacrimalis (14th cent.)] an abnormal opening or passage communicating with the lacrimal sac or a lacrimal duct, typically resulting in the leaking of tears on to the face. ΚΠ 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 15^v In this place is engendred the lachrymall Fistule, called also Ægilops. 1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers ii. xii. 170 If in an Ægilops or lachrymal Fistula the bone of the nose be corrupted by the humor staying in the embosment, then two wayes of curing are offered. 1833 Lancet 9 Feb. 611/1 Alexandrine Chalon..came to the Hôtel Dieu, to be treated for a lachrymal fistula at the inner angle of the left eye. 2015 D. P. Schaefer in A. J. Cohen et al. Lacrimal Syst. v. 46/1 Congenital lacrimal fistulas are estimated to occur one in 2,000. lacrimal gland n. [compare post-classical Latin glandula lachrymalis (1649 or earlier), French glandule lacrymale (16th cent. in Paré as †glandule lachrymale ), both earliest in sense (a)] †(a) the lacrimal caruncle (obsolete); (b) any of the glands responsible for the secretion of tears, the largest of which is located in the upper outer (lateral) part of the orbit.The upper and lower eyelids and the conjunctival sac contain very small collections of glandular tissue known as accessory lacrimal glands; cf. Krause n. c. ΚΠ 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. iv. vi. 328 (margin) Observat[ion] of an Excrescence upon the lacrymal Gland. 1698 W. Cowper Anat. Humane Bodies Table 11 sig. F^v/1 The Superior Lachrimal Gland. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 215 The Contraction of the Lacrymal Glands, whereby they are evacuated. 1835 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Nov. 262 Mirth moves the diaphragm and the risorius muscle, and grief acts on the abdomen and lachrymal glands. 1919 Lancet 10 May 792/2 During the stage of surgical anæsthesia the lacrymal glands cease to secrete. 1933 E. Wolff Anat. Eye & Orbit iii. 113 The glands of Krause are accessory lacrimal glands occurring under the conjunctiva from the fornix to the convex border of the tarsus. 2007 Daily Tel. 17 Sept. 27/8 The cornea will dry out, prompting the lachrymal glands to overcompensate by producing an excess of tears. lacrimal papilla n. a small fleshy projection on the margin of each eyelid near the inner (medial) angle, containing a lacrimal punctum (the opening of a lacrimal canaliculus). ΚΠ 1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye I. 67 As the inflammation attacks the lachrymal papillæ [Ger. Thränenwärzchen] and canaliculi, the absorption of the tears is consequently suspended. 1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 778/1 I found..some redness and undue prominence of the upper lacrymal papilla. 2015 H. P. Barham & T. T. Kingdom in M. A. Scholes & V. R. Ramaksrishnan ENT Secrets (ed. 4) xxx. 207 The lacrimal papillae are located medially on the posterior edge of the upper and lower eyelids. lacrimal sac n. the dilated upper portion of the nasolacrimal duct, into which the lacrimal canaliculi open. ΚΠ 1698 J. Keill Anat. Humane Body 154 They are the two Orifices of the Lachrymal Sack, which is situated in this corner, upon the Os Lachrymale. 1853 Lancet 18 June 553/1 The morbid action, creeping through the puncta lachrymalia and along the canaliculi or lachrymal ducts, reaches the lachrymal sac. 2011 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 July 206/1 Rarely, a firm mass may represent a lacrimal sac tumour and is a red flag sign. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1425
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