lachrymatoryn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈlakrᵻmət(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈlækrəməˌtɔri/

Forms: 1600s– lachrymatory, 1600s– lacrymatory, 1700s– lachrimatory, 1700s– lacrimatory.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin lacrimatorium, lachrymatorium; Latin lacrimatorius, lachrymatorius.

Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin lacrimatorium (also lachrymatorium, lacrymatorium) small phial supposedly intended to contain tears (1620 or earlier), use as noun of neuter of lacrimatorius, adjective (see below) (compare -ory suffix¹); as adjective < post-classical Latin lacrimatorius (also lachrymatorius, lacrymatorius) (of a vessel) intended to contain tears (1610 or earlier; perhaps 5th cent. in an isolated attestation in the medical writer Placitus, although the text is corrupt) < classical Latin lacrimāt- , past participial stem of lacrimāre lachrymate v. + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare earlier lachrymate v.In senses B. 2a and B. 2b resulting from semantic association with lachryma n., lachrymal adj., and other related words, rather than arising from the more specific meanings of the post-classical Latin word; compare -atory suffix². With the formal variation compare discussion at lachryma n.

A. n.

1. Chiefly Archaeology. A small phial (esp. of terracotta or glass) found in Roman and later Greek tombs, formerly supposed to have been a bottle into which mourners dropped their tears, but now believed to have been used as a perfume bottle; (more generally) a vessel used to collect a mourner's tears or as a symbol of mourning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > grave goods > tear-bottle

lachrymatory1658

tear-bottle1658

urn1753

lachrymary1755

lachrymal1769

tear-jug1869

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 33 No..Lachrymatories, or Tear-bottles attended these rurall Urnes.

a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 388 As I was prying about, I found a glasse phiole as was conjecturd filld with dried blood, as also two lacrymatories.

a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo iii, in Wks. (1721) III. 72 Magdalen's Tears..her Lachrymatory daily fill'd.

1755 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 416/1 Several lacrymatories have also been dug up, some are of glass,..and some are of burnt earth, like our tulip-glasses.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. i. iv. 147 There have been dug up here..a Roman lachrymatory, and also a pig of lead.

1842 T. Carlyle Let. 7 Dec. in T. Carlyle & J. W. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1987) XV. 214 There is in me what would fill whole Lachrymatories as I read.

1851 M. Montagu Psalms lvi. 406 There is no mention anywhere else in The Scriptures of a lacrymatory or tear-vessel.

1904 Eng. Hist. Rev. 19 425 Roman urns and lachrymatories were found in the Boley Hill.

1974 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 33 50/1 The corner blocks are decorated with reliefs of amphoralike vessels, apparently lachrymatories.

2005 H. Delehanty & E. Ginzler Caring for Your Parents x. 182 The Victorians, ornate as always, sometimes distributed lachrymatories—bottles for catching tears—at funerals.

†2. humorous. In extended use: a handkerchief. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief

coverchiefc1305

cloutc1380

muckender1420

napkin1436

handkerchief1530

handkercher1531

mocket1537

wiper1587

nose-cloth1589

pocket handkerchief1645

handcloth1676

mouchoira1685

pocket-clotha1704

wipe1708

volet1789

kerchief1814

snotter1823

lachrymatory1825

nose-rag1840

nose-wiper1840

sweat-rag1843

lachrymary1854

sneezer1857

stook1859

snottinger1864

snot-rag1888

hanky1895

penwiper1902

paper handkerchief1907

nose-wipe1919

snitch-rag1940

paper hankie1959

1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 208 Women will be stationed in the pit with white cambric lachrymatories, to exchange for those which have become saturated with the tender tears of sympathy.

1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 331/1 Our lachrymals were unhumected, our lachrymatories never called into requisition.

B. adj.

1. Chiefly Archaeology. Designating a lachrymatory (sense A. 1); designating a vessel, bottle, etc., (supposedly) intended to contain tears.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [adjective] > tear-bottle

lachrymal1673

lachrymary1705

lachrymatory1722

1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained V. Index sig. Ccc/2 Lachrymatory Urns placed in Tombs.

1752 J. Armstrong Hist. Island Minorca xvi. 232 Both Lamps and Urns are found in the Graves, and not unfrequently Lacrimatory Vessels, in which the Tears of the surviving Friends are supposed to be put.

1825 J. Christie Disquis. Painted Greek Vases 123 The..contracted throat of the lachrymatory vase.

1851 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales II. xiii. 210 Drinking out of..a lachrymatory vase, or sepulchral urn.

1909 Hawarden (Iowa) Independent 22 July 4/3 Cologne turns out lachrymatory vases by the gross.

1965 New Yorker 18 Sept. 186/2 An amphora, lachrymatory phials, a fine sepulchral urn, and a small statue of Hermaphrodite.

2014 R. Atwell Peace At Last xii. 122 Among the collection of Roman artefacts in many museums are to be found lachrymatory bottles.

a. Of or relating to tears or sadness (cf. lachrymal adj. 1b). Also (Anatomy): involved in the secretion of tears; = lacrimal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > glands of conjunctiva

lacrimal?a1425

lachrymatory1770

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > [adjective] > causing weeping

lachrymable1490

tearful?1611

lachrymental1624

lachrymatory1770

lachrymose1813

eyewatering1880

cryable1897

weepy1936

1770 J. Hall-Stevenson Fables for Grown Gentlemen xvii. 30 A full pot Of rich lacrymatory snot.

a1771 H. Pemberton Course Physiol. (1773) vii. 123 The lachrymatory glands placed within the orbit of the eye, furnish a moisture, which keeps the membranes of the eye smooth.

1835 E. A. Poe Loss of Breath in Southern Lit. Messenger Sept. 735/2 A thousand vague and lachrymatory fancies took possession of my soul.

1873 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. vii. §3. 328 The presence in the lacrymatory secretion of extremely minute globular particles of equal size.

1941 G. W. Hartmann Educ. Psychol. i. iv. 69 He can hardly weep until the lachrymatory fluid is available.

1997 New Scientist 5 July 105/1 It is well established that the route taken by the lacrimatory material to the tear glands is through the nose.

2015 China Daily (Nexis) 18 Feb. Like the lachrymatory film directed by Feng Xiaogang, the story tells of choices people make when major catastrophes arrive.

b. spec. Of a chemical, gas, etc., or its effect: causing the production of tears and often also irritation to the eyes.

ΚΠ

1916 Yorks. Post 21 July 5/5 A violent artillery preparation with asphyxiating and lachrymatory shells.

1939 H. F. Thuillier Gas in Next War xvi. 145 To obtain agreement for the use of the non-lethal kind [of chemical agent], i.e. the lachrimatory (tear gases) and the sternutatory (sneezing gases) in war.

1946 Nature 14 Dec. 876/2 The lachrymatory activity of some ethylenic compounds.

1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) i. 62 This apparatus..is also convenient for the distillation of pungent and lachrymatory materials.

1990 J. E. Lancaster & M. J. Boland in J. L. Brewster & H. D. Rabinowitch Onions & Allied Crops iii. 46 The lacrimatory or tear-producing characteristic is the hallmark of onions.

2015 Alive (Nexis) 7 Aug. Pepper-spray..is a lachrymatory agent that causes tears, pain and temporary blindness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lachrymatory
释义	lachrymatoryn.adj. Brit. /ˈlakrᵻmət(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈlækrəməˌtɔri/ Forms: 1600s– lachrymatory, 1600s– lacrymatory, 1700s– lachrimatory, 1700s– lacrimatory. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin lacrimatorium, lachrymatorium; Latin lacrimatorius, lachrymatorius. Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin lacrimatorium (also lachrymatorium, lacrymatorium) small phial supposedly intended to contain tears (1620 or earlier), use as noun of neuter of lacrimatorius, adjective (see below) (compare -ory suffix¹); as adjective < post-classical Latin lacrimatorius (also lachrymatorius, lacrymatorius) (of a vessel) intended to contain tears (1610 or earlier; perhaps 5th cent. in an isolated attestation in the medical writer Placitus, although the text is corrupt) < classical Latin lacrimāt- , past participial stem of lacrimāre lachrymate v. + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare earlier lachrymate v.In senses B. 2a and B. 2b resulting from semantic association with lachryma n., lachrymal adj., and other related words, rather than arising from the more specific meanings of the post-classical Latin word; compare -atory suffix². With the formal variation compare discussion at lachryma n. A. n. 1. Chiefly Archaeology. A small phial (esp. of terracotta or glass) found in Roman and later Greek tombs, formerly supposed to have been a bottle into which mourners dropped their tears, but now believed to have been used as a perfume bottle; (more generally) a vessel used to collect a mourner's tears or as a symbol of mourning. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > grave goods > tear-bottle lachrymatory1658 tear-bottle1658 urn1753 lachrymary1755 lachrymal1769 tear-jug1869 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 33 No..Lachrymatories, or Tear-bottles attended these rurall Urnes. a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 388 As I was prying about, I found a glasse phiole as was conjecturd filld with dried blood, as also two lacrymatories. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo iii, in Wks. (1721) III. 72 Magdalen's Tears..her Lachrymatory daily fill'd. 1755 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 416/1 Several lacrymatories have also been dug up, some are of glass,..and some are of burnt earth, like our tulip-glasses. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. i. iv. 147 There have been dug up here..a Roman lachrymatory, and also a pig of lead. 1842 T. Carlyle Let. 7 Dec. in T. Carlyle & J. W. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1987) XV. 214 There is in me what would fill whole Lachrymatories as I read. 1851 M. Montagu Psalms lvi. 406 There is no mention anywhere else in The Scriptures of a lacrymatory or tear-vessel. 1904 Eng. Hist. Rev. 19 425 Roman urns and lachrymatories were found in the Boley Hill. 1974 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 33 50/1 The corner blocks are decorated with reliefs of amphoralike vessels, apparently lachrymatories. 2005 H. Delehanty & E. Ginzler Caring for Your Parents x. 182 The Victorians, ornate as always, sometimes distributed lachrymatories—bottles for catching tears—at funerals. †2. humorous. In extended use: a handkerchief. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > cleaning the nose > handkerchief coverchiefc1305 cloutc1380 muckender1420 napkin1436 handkerchief1530 handkercher1531 mocket1537 wiper1587 nose-cloth1589 pocket handkerchief1645 handcloth1676 mouchoira1685 pocket-clotha1704 wipe1708 volet1789 kerchief1814 snotter1823 lachrymatory1825 nose-rag1840 nose-wiper1840 sweat-rag1843 lachrymary1854 sneezer1857 stook1859 snottinger1864 snot-rag1888 hanky1895 penwiper1902 paper handkerchief1907 nose-wipe1919 snitch-rag1940 paper hankie1959 1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 208 Women will be stationed in the pit with white cambric lachrymatories, to exchange for those which have become saturated with the tender tears of sympathy. 1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 331/1 Our lachrymals were unhumected, our lachrymatories never called into requisition. B. adj. 1. Chiefly Archaeology. Designating a lachrymatory (sense A. 1); designating a vessel, bottle, etc., (supposedly) intended to contain tears. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [adjective] > tear-bottle lachrymal1673 lachrymary1705 lachrymatory1722 1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained V. Index sig. Ccc/2 Lachrymatory Urns placed in Tombs. 1752 J. Armstrong Hist. Island Minorca xvi. 232 Both Lamps and Urns are found in the Graves, and not unfrequently Lacrimatory Vessels, in which the Tears of the surviving Friends are supposed to be put. 1825 J. Christie Disquis. Painted Greek Vases 123 The..contracted throat of the lachrymatory vase. 1851 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales II. xiii. 210 Drinking out of..a lachrymatory vase, or sepulchral urn. 1909 Hawarden (Iowa) Independent 22 July 4/3 Cologne turns out lachrymatory vases by the gross. 1965 New Yorker 18 Sept. 186/2 An amphora, lachrymatory phials, a fine sepulchral urn, and a small statue of Hermaphrodite. 2014 R. Atwell Peace At Last xii. 122 Among the collection of Roman artefacts in many museums are to be found lachrymatory bottles. 2. a. Of or relating to tears or sadness (cf. lachrymal adj. 1b). Also (Anatomy): involved in the secretion of tears; = lacrimal adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > glands of conjunctiva lacrimal?a1425 lachrymatory1770 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > [adjective] > causing weeping lachrymable1490 tearful?1611 lachrymental1624 lachrymatory1770 lachrymose1813 eyewatering1880 cryable1897 weepy1936 1770 J. Hall-Stevenson Fables for Grown Gentlemen xvii. 30 A full pot Of rich lacrymatory snot. a1771 H. Pemberton Course Physiol. (1773) vii. 123 The lachrymatory glands placed within the orbit of the eye, furnish a moisture, which keeps the membranes of the eye smooth. 1835 E. A. Poe Loss of Breath in Southern Lit. Messenger Sept. 735/2 A thousand vague and lachrymatory fancies took possession of my soul. 1873 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. vii. §3. 328 The presence in the lacrymatory secretion of extremely minute globular particles of equal size. 1941 G. W. Hartmann Educ. Psychol. i. iv. 69 He can hardly weep until the lachrymatory fluid is available. 1997 New Scientist 5 July 105/1 It is well established that the route taken by the lacrimatory material to the tear glands is through the nose. 2015 China Daily (Nexis) 18 Feb. Like the lachrymatory film directed by Feng Xiaogang, the story tells of choices people make when major catastrophes arrive. b. spec. Of a chemical, gas, etc., or its effect: causing the production of tears and often also irritation to the eyes. ΚΠ 1916 Yorks. Post 21 July 5/5 A violent artillery preparation with asphyxiating and lachrymatory shells. 1939 H. F. Thuillier Gas in Next War xvi. 145 To obtain agreement for the use of the non-lethal kind [of chemical agent], i.e. the lachrimatory (tear gases) and the sternutatory (sneezing gases) in war. 1946 Nature 14 Dec. 876/2 The lachrymatory activity of some ethylenic compounds. 1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) i. 62 This apparatus..is also convenient for the distillation of pungent and lachrymatory materials. 1990 J. E. Lancaster & M. J. Boland in J. L. Brewster & H. D. Rabinowitch Onions & Allied Crops iii. 46 The lacrimatory or tear-producing characteristic is the hallmark of onions. 2015 Alive (Nexis) 7 Aug. Pepper-spray..is a lachrymatory agent that causes tears, pain and temporary blindness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1658
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