LacedaemonianLacedemoniann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌlasᵻdɪˈməʊnɪən/, U.S.

/ˌlæsədᵻˈmoʊniən/

Forms: Middle English Lacedemonieines (plural, in a late copy), Middle English Lacedemonyen, 1500s Lacedaemonien, 1500s Lacedaemonyan, 1500s Lacedemonien, 1500s–1600s Lacedamonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedemonyan, 1500s–1600s Lacedimonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedoemonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedomonian, 1500s– Lacedaemonian, 1500s– Lacedemonian (now chiefly U.S.), 1800s– Lacedaimonian, 1800s– Lakedaemonian, 1800s– Lakedaimonian, 1800s– Lakedemonian.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: French Lacedemonien ; Latin Lacedaemonius ; Greek Λακεδαιμόνιος , -an suffix.

Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French Lacedemonien, Lacedemonian, Lacedomonian (French Lacédémonien ) Spartan (1284 in Old French as noun, 1558 or earlier as adjective) < Lacedemone Sparta (see below) + -ien -ian suffix, and partly (ii) < classical Latin Lacedaemonius and its etymon (iii) ancient Greek Λακεδαιμόνιος (adjective and noun) Spartan ( < Λακεδαίμων, the original name of Sparta (classical Latin Lacedaemō, Lacedaemōn; > Old French, Middle French Lacedemone, French Lacédémone) + -ιος, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix.With the extended use in sense B. 2 compare French lacédémonien (1770 or earlier in this sense), and also laconic adj. 2. Compare earlier Lacedemonies, Lacedemonois, Lacedemones (plural) ‘Spartans’ (partly < Anglo-Norman Lacedemoneis, Lacedemoneys and Middle French Lacedemonois (13th cent.), and partly < classical Latin Lacedaemonii, plural noun): ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 239 Whan þe kyng was wel i-sette ouersette with þre [read þre hundred] of þe Lacedemonies [L. Lacedaemoniis], he seide þat he was begyled. ▸ ?a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 3010 Made she [sc. Fortune] nat whilom hir translaciouns Off the kyngdam callid Argyuois To be transportid to Lacedemonois [Fr. lacedemonois]?a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 70^v Þis craft somtyme þe lacedemoynes [L. Lacedaemonii] and aftir þat þe Romayns worschipped.

A. n.

Ancient History. A native or inhabitant of Lacedaemon, an area comprising the ancient Greek city of Sparta and its surroundings; a Spartan.

ΚΠ

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. vi. sig. Giij^v The Lacedemonyens [Fr. lacedemoniens] had ordeyned affirmably that..they shulde kylle and slee al the men and the women of Thebes.

?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. ix. sig. g.iii.^v The maker of the lawes of the Lacedemonians [L. legislator Lacedæmonius] bad that the wyues, whan they went for the abrode, shulde couer their faces.

1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie I. 25.10 Such kind of poets were they that Plato excluded from his common wealth,..which the Romans derided, and the Lacedaemonians scorned.

c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 351 (MED) The Lacedemonieines lowe laide were.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie ii. sig. Tt5 Some have referred the originall of these Games to one Opheltes a Lacedemonian.

1709 I. Littlebury tr. Herodotus Hist. I. iv. 416 When the Lacedemonians heard they were of Minyan Extraction, they sent another Messenger.

1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xvii. 372 Nothing now pressed the Lacedæmonians so much as the retention of Pylus by the Athenians.

1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. I. 424 Imitating the severe exercises, and the other warlike manners of the Lacedæmonians.

1858 R. W. Emerson Eloquence in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 386/1 If any one wishes to converse with the meanest of the Lacedæmonians.

1928 E. A. Parker tr. V. Chapot Rom. World iii. v. 176 2,000 Lacedaemonians fought at Philippi against Brutus and Cassius.

1964 Princeton Alumni Weekly 22 Sept. 34 The oft quoted epitaph on the Lacedemonians who fell at Thermopylae says nothing about saving.

2012 Classical Antiq. 31 10 Prohibiting the Lacedaemonians and their allies from sailing long ships along their own coasts.

B. adj.

1. Ancient History. Of or relating to Lacedaemon or its inhabitants; Spartan.

ΚΠ

?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. F.f.iv^v Pitanite is as muche to saye, as Laconique, or Lacedemonien: because Pytanas was the father of Thrasibulus the Lacedemonien.

1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale vi. vi. f. 123 Xenophon reporteth that Lycurgus in the Lacedemonian common weale, ordeined that the vse of horses and houndes should be common.

c1612 W. Strachey Hist. Trav. Virginia (1953) i. vi. 81 He must haue a Lacedemonians stomach indeed to eate of the Lacedemonian diett.

1692 Athenian Mercury 21 May 9 The Lacedemonian Cats..couple prone and supine.

a1721 W. Moyle Wks. (1727) 50 The Lacedæmonian Government was the same with that of Crete, and the Basis of each was settled upon this Maxim, That Liberty is the chiefest Good of civil Society.

1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xv. 227 The principal Mitylenæans had sent offers to the Lacedæmonian administration to renounce the Athenian.

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca ii. xv. 168 Their clothing was so thin that ‘a Lacedæmonian vest’ became proverbial.

1892 Eclectic Mag. Aug. 151/1 In Athens itself certain Lacedæmonian commodities were much in demand.

1933 Classical Weekly 4 Dec. 62/2 The Lacedaemonian victory over the Athenian Confederacy at Mantinea in 418 is described.

1992 B. McGovern Anne Finch & her Poetry iv. 62 Aristomenes is captured by the Lacedemonian king Anaxander because their countries are at war.

2014 P. Bradley Anc. World Transformed i. iii. 92/1 The Lacedaemonian army suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the Thebans.

2. Of speech, style, manners, etc.: characterized by simplicity, frugality, or brevity. Cf. Spartan adj. 2, laconic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adjective]

compendious1388

briefc1430

short1487

short and sweet1545

curted1568

summarc1575

laconical1576

summary1582

succinct1585

totala1586

laconic1589

concisec1590

compendiary1609

press?1611

curt1631

Spartan1644

nutshell1647

severe1680

Lacedaemonian1780

straightforward1806

uncircumlocutory1808

shorthand1822

Spartanlike1838

unwordy1841

nutshelly1843

tight1870

Spartanic1882

unfarced1890

serried1899

taut1916

1780 W. Cowper Let. 16 Mar. (1979) I. 323 'Till your Letters become truly Lacedæmonian, & are reduced to a single Syllable.

1847 Herald of Truth June 446 Now exchanging all-engrossing war for all-engrossing letters; Lacedaemonian frugality for Italian luxury.

1856 W. Whellan Hist. Durham 32 The following charter will give some idea of the almost Lacedaemonian brevity of the Anglo-Saxon deeds of gift.

1902 F. C. de Sumichrast tr. T. Gautier Captain Fracasse viii. 166 Do not confine yourself to such Lacedaemonian brevity, Maître Bilot; be prolix!

1972 E. Eisenberg tr. R. Pérez de Ayala Honeymoon, Bittermoon 88 The boy has spoken with Lacedemonian clarity and conciseness.

2008 A. Boime Revelation of Modernism ii. 91 Millet..then shifted to a Republic steeped in ‘Lacedaemonian simplicity’ flanked by rural symbols.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lacedaemonian
释义	LacedaemonianLacedemoniann.adj. Brit. /ˌlasᵻdɪˈməʊnɪən/, U.S. /ˌlæsədᵻˈmoʊniən/ Forms: Middle English Lacedemonieines (plural, in a late copy), Middle English Lacedemonyen, 1500s Lacedaemonien, 1500s Lacedaemonyan, 1500s Lacedemonien, 1500s–1600s Lacedamonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedemonyan, 1500s–1600s Lacedimonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedoemonian, 1500s–1600s Lacedomonian, 1500s– Lacedaemonian, 1500s– Lacedemonian (now chiefly U.S.), 1800s– Lacedaimonian, 1800s– Lakedaemonian, 1800s– Lakedaimonian, 1800s– Lakedemonian. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: French Lacedemonien ; Latin Lacedaemonius ; Greek Λακεδαιμόνιος , -an suffix. Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French Lacedemonien, Lacedemonian, Lacedomonian (French Lacédémonien ) Spartan (1284 in Old French as noun, 1558 or earlier as adjective) < Lacedemone Sparta (see below) + -ien -ian suffix, and partly (ii) < classical Latin Lacedaemonius and its etymon (iii) ancient Greek Λακεδαιμόνιος (adjective and noun) Spartan ( < Λακεδαίμων, the original name of Sparta (classical Latin Lacedaemō, Lacedaemōn; > Old French, Middle French Lacedemone, French Lacédémone) + -ιος, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix.With the extended use in sense B. 2 compare French lacédémonien (1770 or earlier in this sense), and also laconic adj. 2. Compare earlier Lacedemonies, Lacedemonois, Lacedemones (plural) ‘Spartans’ (partly < Anglo-Norman Lacedemoneis, Lacedemoneys and Middle French Lacedemonois (13th cent.), and partly < classical Latin Lacedaemonii, plural noun): ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 239 Whan þe kyng was wel i-sette ouersette with þre [read þre hundred] of þe Lacedemonies [L. Lacedaemoniis], he seide þat he was begyled. ▸ ?a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 3010 Made she [sc. Fortune] nat whilom hir translaciouns Off the kyngdam callid Argyuois To be transportid to Lacedemonois [Fr. lacedemonois]?a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 70^v Þis craft somtyme þe lacedemoynes [L. Lacedaemonii] and aftir þat þe Romayns worschipped. A. n. Ancient History. A native or inhabitant of Lacedaemon, an area comprising the ancient Greek city of Sparta and its surroundings; a Spartan. ΚΠ 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. vi. sig. Giij^v The Lacedemonyens [Fr. lacedemoniens] had ordeyned affirmably that..they shulde kylle and slee al the men and the women of Thebes. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. ix. sig. g.iii.^v The maker of the lawes of the Lacedemonians [L. legislator Lacedæmonius] bad that the wyues, whan they went for the abrode, shulde couer their faces. 1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie I. 25.10 Such kind of poets were they that Plato excluded from his common wealth,..which the Romans derided, and the Lacedaemonians scorned. c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 351 (MED) The Lacedemonieines lowe laide were. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie ii. sig. Tt5 Some have referred the originall of these Games to one Opheltes a Lacedemonian. 1709 I. Littlebury tr. Herodotus Hist. I. iv. 416 When the Lacedemonians heard they were of Minyan Extraction, they sent another Messenger. 1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xvii. 372 Nothing now pressed the Lacedæmonians so much as the retention of Pylus by the Athenians. 1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. I. 424 Imitating the severe exercises, and the other warlike manners of the Lacedæmonians. 1858 R. W. Emerson Eloquence in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 386/1 If any one wishes to converse with the meanest of the Lacedæmonians. 1928 E. A. Parker tr. V. Chapot Rom. World iii. v. 176 2,000 Lacedaemonians fought at Philippi against Brutus and Cassius. 1964 Princeton Alumni Weekly 22 Sept. 34 The oft quoted epitaph on the Lacedemonians who fell at Thermopylae says nothing about saving. 2012 Classical Antiq. 31 10 Prohibiting the Lacedaemonians and their allies from sailing long ships along their own coasts. B. adj. 1. Ancient History. Of or relating to Lacedaemon or its inhabitants; Spartan. ΚΠ ?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. F.f.iv^v Pitanite is as muche to saye, as Laconique, or Lacedemonien: because Pytanas was the father of Thrasibulus the Lacedemonien. 1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale vi. vi. f. 123 Xenophon reporteth that Lycurgus in the Lacedemonian common weale, ordeined that the vse of horses and houndes should be common. c1612 W. Strachey Hist. Trav. Virginia (1953) i. vi. 81 He must haue a Lacedemonians stomach indeed to eate of the Lacedemonian diett. 1692 Athenian Mercury 21 May 9 The Lacedemonian Cats..couple prone and supine. a1721 W. Moyle Wks. (1727) 50 The Lacedæmonian Government was the same with that of Crete, and the Basis of each was settled upon this Maxim, That Liberty is the chiefest Good of civil Society. 1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xv. 227 The principal Mitylenæans had sent offers to the Lacedæmonian administration to renounce the Athenian. 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca ii. xv. 168 Their clothing was so thin that ‘a Lacedæmonian vest’ became proverbial. 1892 Eclectic Mag. Aug. 151/1 In Athens itself certain Lacedæmonian commodities were much in demand. 1933 Classical Weekly 4 Dec. 62/2 The Lacedaemonian victory over the Athenian Confederacy at Mantinea in 418 is described. 1992 B. McGovern Anne Finch & her Poetry iv. 62 Aristomenes is captured by the Lacedemonian king Anaxander because their countries are at war. 2014 P. Bradley Anc. World Transformed i. iii. 92/1 The Lacedaemonian army suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the Thebans. 2. Of speech, style, manners, etc.: characterized by simplicity, frugality, or brevity. Cf. Spartan adj. 2, laconic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adjective] compendious1388 briefc1430 short1487 short and sweet1545 curted1568 summarc1575 laconical1576 summary1582 succinct1585 totala1586 laconic1589 concisec1590 compendiary1609 press?1611 curt1631 Spartan1644 nutshell1647 severe1680 Lacedaemonian1780 straightforward1806 uncircumlocutory1808 shorthand1822 Spartanlike1838 unwordy1841 nutshelly1843 tight1870 Spartanic1882 unfarced1890 serried1899 taut1916 1780 W. Cowper Let. 16 Mar. (1979) I. 323 'Till your Letters become truly Lacedæmonian, & are reduced to a single Syllable. 1847 Herald of Truth June 446 Now exchanging all-engrossing war for all-engrossing letters; Lacedaemonian frugality for Italian luxury. 1856 W. Whellan Hist. Durham 32 The following charter will give some idea of the almost Lacedaemonian brevity of the Anglo-Saxon deeds of gift. 1902 F. C. de Sumichrast tr. T. Gautier Captain Fracasse viii. 166 Do not confine yourself to such Lacedaemonian brevity, Maître Bilot; be prolix! 1972 E. Eisenberg tr. R. Pérez de Ayala Honeymoon, Bittermoon 88 The boy has spoken with Lacedemonian clarity and conciseness. 2008 A. Boime Revelation of Modernism ii. 91 Millet..then shifted to a Republic steeped in ‘Lacedaemonian simplicity’ flanked by rural symbols. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1489
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