labarumn.

Brit.

/ˈleɪb(ə)rəm/,

/ˈlab(ə)rəm/, U.S.

/ˈlæbərəm/

Forms:

α. 1500s– labarum.

β. 1800s– labaron.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French labarum; Latin labarum.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French labarum (1555; French labarum ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin labarum imperial standard of Constantine, banner in general (4th cent.), sign of the cross (9th cent.; 12th cent. in a British source), further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps (i) < post-classical Latin laureum , use as noun (short for vexillum laureum laurel banner) of neuter of laureus made of laurel (see laureate adj.); or perhaps (ii) < Celtic.For the suggested ulterior etymology from post-classical Latin laureum , see two papers by H. Grégoire: ‘L'étymologie de labarum ’, in Byzantion (1928) 4 477–82, and ‘Encore l'étymologie de labarum ’, in Byzantion (1937) 12 277–81. In β. forms probably after Byzantine Greek λάβαρον (also λάβουρον, λάβωρον, λαώορον); compare Middle French, French labaron (end of the 16th cent. or earlier).

The imperial standard of Constantine the Great ( a.d. 306–337), which bore military symbols of the Roman Empire fused with Christian symbolic imagery (in later representations generally the Christogram (☧)); (hence more generally) any standard or banner. Also occasionally: the Christogram itself.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard

senyec900

beaconOE

markOE

banner?c1225

here-markec1275

ensignc1400

standard?a1439

standard1497

armory1523

flag1530

handsenyie1545

ancient1554

labarum1563

antsign1571

ensign-staff1707

brattach1828

society > faith > artefacts > furniture > other furniture > [noun] > banner

bannerc1305

labarum1563

society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > banner

seineOE

bannerc1305

banner-cloth1552

labarum1563

oriflamme1602

1563 N. Ling tr. T. de Bèze Sum Holy Signes, Sacrifices & Sacraments sig. G.iii^v This banner was called by the auncient Romain Idolators Labarum [Fr. Labarum], which was a signe reputed holy & reuerend.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Labarum, a military streamer, or flag, also a Church Banner, or Ensign.

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece ii. 189 On the South-side..is the Labarum; which is a Knot, consisting of the first Letters of Χριστὸς, which the Christian Emperours, from Constantine, placed in their Banners.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Monogram The Roman Labarum bore the Monogram of Jesus Christ.

1747 Gentleman's Mag. July 322/2 Two Roman soldiers with a Labarum or military ensign.

1839 J. Stephen in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 307 The Labarum of Luther was a banner inscribed with the legend ‘Justification by Faith’.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 144 That body of sacred truth..should now be inscribed upon the common labarum.

1887 Sc. Rev. Jan. 68 The Labaron and the Cross were the double standard, for which they were ready to die in the field, and on which they centred their national feeling.

1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 216 [The Empress Theodora] was represented..as a standing figure holding a labarum.

2012 A. B. Kehoe Militant Christianity ii. 9 Where a Christian would be expected to inscribe a cross, Constantine has inscribed the labarum.

2014 Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68 364/1 St. Michael holding a labarum in his right hand and a globus in his left.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	labarum
释义	labarumn. Brit. /ˈleɪb(ə)rəm/, /ˈlab(ə)rəm/, U.S. /ˈlæbərəm/ Forms: α. 1500s– labarum. β. 1800s– labaron. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French labarum; Latin labarum. Etymology: < (i) Middle French labarum (1555; French labarum ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin labarum imperial standard of Constantine, banner in general (4th cent.), sign of the cross (9th cent.; 12th cent. in a British source), further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps (i) < post-classical Latin laureum , use as noun (short for vexillum laureum laurel banner) of neuter of laureus made of laurel (see laureate adj.); or perhaps (ii) < Celtic.For the suggested ulterior etymology from post-classical Latin laureum , see two papers by H. Grégoire: ‘L'étymologie de labarum ’, in Byzantion (1928) 4 477–82, and ‘Encore l'étymologie de labarum ’, in Byzantion (1937) 12 277–81. In β. forms probably after Byzantine Greek λάβαρον (also λάβουρον, λάβωρον, λαώορον); compare Middle French, French labaron (end of the 16th cent. or earlier). The imperial standard of Constantine the Great ( a.d. 306–337), which bore military symbols of the Roman Empire fused with Christian symbolic imagery (in later representations generally the Christogram (☧)); (hence more generally) any standard or banner. Also occasionally: the Christogram itself. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard senyec900 beaconOE markOE banner?c1225 here-markec1275 ensignc1400 standard?a1439 standard1497 armory1523 flag1530 handsenyie1545 ancient1554 labarum1563 antsign1571 ensign-staff1707 brattach1828 society > faith > artefacts > furniture > other furniture > [noun] > banner bannerc1305 labarum1563 society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > banner seineOE bannerc1305 banner-cloth1552 labarum1563 oriflamme1602 1563 N. Ling tr. T. de Bèze Sum Holy Signes, Sacrifices & Sacraments sig. G.iii^v This banner was called by the auncient Romain Idolators Labarum [Fr. Labarum], which was a signe reputed holy & reuerend. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Labarum, a military streamer, or flag, also a Church Banner, or Ensign. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece ii. 189 On the South-side..is the Labarum; which is a Knot, consisting of the first Letters of Χριστὸς, which the Christian Emperours, from Constantine, placed in their Banners. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Monogram The Roman Labarum bore the Monogram of Jesus Christ. 1747 Gentleman's Mag. July 322/2 Two Roman soldiers with a Labarum or military ensign. 1839 J. Stephen in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 307 The Labarum of Luther was a banner inscribed with the legend ‘Justification by Faith’. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 144 That body of sacred truth..should now be inscribed upon the common labarum. 1887 Sc. Rev. Jan. 68 The Labaron and the Cross were the double standard, for which they were ready to die in the field, and on which they centred their national feeling. 1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 216 [The Empress Theodora] was represented..as a standing figure holding a labarum. 2012 A. B. Kehoe Militant Christianity ii. 9 Where a Christian would be expected to inscribe a cross, Constantine has inscribed the labarum. 2014 Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68 364/1 St. Michael holding a labarum in his right hand and a globus in his left. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1563
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