Kochn.
/kəʊk/, /kɒtʃ/, /kɒx/, U.S. /koʊk/, /kɔk/, /kɑk/, /kɔx/, /kɑx/, /koʊx/, /kɑtʃ/ Used in the possessive (less commonly attributively) to designate certain things related to Koch's work on tuberculosis.
1. Koch's bacillus n. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis in man, and was first isolated by Koch.
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the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > bacillus > [noun] > types of
tubercle bacillus1882
Koch's bacillus1885
comma (bacillus)1886
spider-cell1888
Klebs–Löffler1895
Hofmann's bacillus1897
Koch–Weeks bacillus1898
Pfeiffer's bacillus1900
Shiga1900
Hansen('s) bacillus1903
streptobacilli1903
Johne's bacillus1907
wisp bacillus1915
klebsiella1928
Shigella1937
listerella1940
coliform1951
thiobacillus1951
1885 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 5 557 (heading) Staining of Koch's bacillus.
1964 M. F. Wheeler & W. A. Volk Basic Microbiol. xxiii. 263/2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (more commonly called the tubercle bacillus and sometimes Koch's bacillus) was shown by Robert Koch to be the causative agent of tuberculosis.
2. Koch's tuberculin n. either of two kinds of tuberculin ( Koch's old tuberculin and Koch's new tuberculin) originally devised by Koch; formerly also called Koch's fluid, Koch's liquid, Koch's lymph, and now usually just tuberculin.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for tuberculosis
Koch's tuberculin1890
tuberculin1891
tuberculocidin1891
tuberculocide1892
Sanocrysin1924
promizole1944
streptomycin1944
para-aminosalicylic acid1946
pyrazinamide1947
viomycin1950
Marsilid1952
thiacetazone1952
iproniazid1953
isoniazid1953
isonicotinic hydrazide1956
ethionamide1959
strep1959
rifampicin1966
rifampin1968
1890 Lancet 22 Nov. 1119/2 He drew attention to the advantage of being able, by the injection of Koch's fluid, to diagnose whether a serious laryngeal affection was carcinomatous..or tubercular.
1890 Lancet 22 Nov. 1120/1 Experiments with Koch's lymph.
1890 Lancet 22 Nov. 1121/1 He was inoculated with Koch's liquid for distinct facial lupus, and at the same time for pulmonary tuberculosis.
1891 Daily News 12 Feb. 6/5 Dr. Koch's lymph has received the name of ‘tuberculine’.
1897 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. ix. 229 (heading) Koch's tuberculin.
1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Tuberculin, Koch's lymph..consisting of ptomaines of the tubercle bacilli.
1910 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) x. 284 (heading) Koch's old tuberculin.
1910 R. Muir & J. Ritchie Man. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) x. 288 Another preparation has..been introduced, known as ‘Koch's new tuberculin’.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 783/1 Koch's tuberculin has been of inestimable value in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in animals.
1963 J. H. Humphrey & R. G. White Immunol. for Students of Med. x. 322 The injection into a normal guinea-pig of as much as 2 ml of Koch's old tuberculin has little effect. But the injection of 0·1 [printed 0·0] ml into a guinea-pig, in the eighth or tenth week of tuberculous infection, may kill it within a few hours.
3. Koch postulates n. (also Koch's postulates) a set of four criteria which should be satisfied before a given disease is attributed with certainty to any particular micro-organism, viz. (a) the organism concerned is present in each case of the disease; (b) it is possible to isolate it from the diseased animal in a pure culture; (c) the introduction of such a culture into a suitable healthy animal produces the disease in it; and (d) the organism is recoverable from the animal so infected.
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the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > diagnostic criteria
Koch postulates1898
Koch's laws1939
1898 R. T. Hewlett Man. Bacteriol. ii. 31 With regard to the pathogenic organisms..Koch has laid down the following conditions, which have been termed Koch's Postulates, which must be complied with before the relation of an organism to a disease process can be said to be completely demonstrated.
1944 L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 4) i. 2 Very few organisms pathogenic to man fulfil Koch's postulates rigidly.
1973 Sci. Amer. Oct. 28/1 Thus the famous ‘Koch postulates’ have been satisfied, and the tumor is firmly placed among those transmitted by an infectious agent.
4. Koch phenomenon n. (also Koch's phenomenon) the altered reaction to an inoculation of (living or dead) tubercle bacilli of an animal already infected with tuberculosis from that of a healthy animal, the infected animal showing a reaction which is quicker and locally more severe but which is not followed by a general infection; (now regarded as a classic example of delayed hypersensitivity).
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1929 W. W. C. Topley & G. S. Wilson Princ. Bacteriol. & Immunity II. xlix. 729 There are two classical examples, which provide striking illustrations of this double aspect of the allergic reaction. One of these is the well-known Koch's phenomenon (Koch 1891).
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xxi. 17/1 This Koch phenomenon is a specific example of cellular immune response.
5. Koch's laws n. = Koch postulates n. at sense 3
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the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > diagnostic criteria
Koch postulates1898
Koch's laws1939
1939 K. L. Burdon Med. Microbiol. ii. 20 These principles have become known as ‘Koch's laws’ or ‘Koch's postulates’.
1955 Sci. Amer. June 103/1 Koch found the bacillus in body tissues, in sputum and in urine. He was able to grow the microbe in an artificial culture, to reproduce tuberculosis by injecting it into new animals and to recover it again from the infected tissue—a procedure which has become standard for connecting a given disease with a germ and is known by the name Koch's Laws.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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