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单词 kirkman
释义

kirkmann.

Brit. /ˈkəːkmən/, U.S. /ˈkərkmən/
Inflections: Plural kirkmen.
Forms: see kirk n. and man n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: kirk n., man n.1
Etymology: < kirk n. + man n.1 Compare churchman n.Attested earlier as a surname: Stephanum filium Kirkeman (1229), Robertus Kirkeman de Kameshal' (1230), Rogerus le Kirkemon (1332), Robertus Kyrkeman (1346), etc., although the precise sense is unclear (compare discussion at churchman n.).
Now chiefly historical.
1. A member of the clergy; (in later use) spec. a clergyman of the Kirk or Church of Scotland. Cf. churchman n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun]
God's maneOE
priestOE
clerkc1050
secularc1290
vicary1303
minister1340
divinec1380
man of Godc1384
kirkmana1400
man of the churchc1400
cockc1405
Ecclesiastc1405
spiritual1441
ministrator1450
abbé1530
reverend1547
churchman1549
tippet-captain?1550
tippet knight1551
tippet man1551
public minister1564
reading minister1572
clergyman1577
clerk1577
padre1584
minstrel1586
spiritual1600
cleric1623
cassock1628
Levite1640
gownsman1641
teaching elder1642
ecclesiastic1651
religionist1651
crape1682
crape-gown-man1682
man in black1692
soul driver1699
secularist1716
autem jet1737
liturge1737
officiant1740
snub-devil1785
soul doctor1785
officiator1801
umfundisi1825
crape-man1826
clerical1837
God-man1842
Pfarrer1844
liturgist1848
white-choker1851
rook1859
shovel hat1859
sky pilot1865
ecclesiastical1883
joss-pidgin-man1886
josser1887
sin-shiftera1912
sin-buster1931
parch1944
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 25019 Noynting..Noȝt wiþ þat oyle at kirk men hase Bot wiþ þe hali gastis grace.
1440 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 113 Baith temporal lords and kirkmen.
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 560 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 320 In quhat wyse þe kirkmen did þar seruice.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclvv Their Kirkmen preached, that in Englande was neither Masse, nor any seruice of God.
1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. 244 Let neither your Gouernour, nor your Kirkmen..fede you further with faire wordes.
1553 J. Bale tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia D vij b The light dissolute maners of the Holy Kirckemen.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) ix. xviii. f. 337, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Mans(e Abirnethy..all distroyit..except the kirk and mans of kirkmen.
1638 Act Assembly in Coll. Conf. II. 115 (Jam.) The civil places and powers of Kirkmen declared to be unlawful.
1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 238 That part of it [sc. an Act of the Scottish Parliament] which referred to the Apparel of Kirkmen.
1778 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man (ed. 2) IV. 421 James Bell and Colin Campbell, bailies of Glasgow, were committed to prison by the parliament, merely for having said, that kirkmen meddled too much in civil matters.
1853 W. Cadenhead Flights of Fancy 188 (E.D.D.) Nane but kirkmen daur'd to preach.
1886 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 292/2 The peasantry had been well treated by the kirkmen; but since the teinds and kirk-lands have been appropriated by lay lords they are utterly wrecked.
1902 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. II. 354 He had subjected the Kirk men to the king's ordinances, and (proh pudor!) had taught that presbyteries were ‘a foolish invention’.
1990 P. Donald Uncounselled King iii. 111 Episcopacy and the Perth Articles were subsequently abjured, the civil places of kirkmen declared unlawful.
2. A member or supporter of the Kirk or Church of Scotland. Cf. churchman n. 3, and with early quots. cf. Kirkist n.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > [noun] > person
disciplinarian1591
disciplinary1593
consistorian1606
Presbyterian1606
kirkmana1645
presbyter1647
presbyterial1647
Presbyterialist1647
Kirker1651
Kirkist1652
whiggamore1654
Whig1657
scaldabancoa1670
cloak-man1680
Presbyteera1708
Knoxian1714
blue skin1790
Auld Kirker1856
bluenose1861
a1645 W. Laud Hist. Troubles (1695) iii. 91 There was little Obedience in their Kirk, and Kirk-Men, either to General Assembly, or Parliament.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 262 in Justice Vindicated The English Presbyterians (who had most basely accepted a canting thing called the Covenant from the Kirkmen of Scotland).
1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. 425 A number of the most zealous kirkmen, meeting at Leonard's Craig near Edenburgh.
1798 Crit. Rev. July 292 The same person may be a churchman in London, a kirkman in Edinburgh, a catholic at Rome, and a Mohammedan at Constantinople.
1822 J. Milner Vindic. of End of Relig. Controv. xxvi. 355 One party of them consider the other party of their fellow Church-men and Kirk-men, as Idolaters and Blasphemers.
1893 Dict. National Biogr. XXXIII. 1002 Rothes had never been a fanatical puritan; he was a politician and a patriot rather than a kirkman.
1914 J. P. MacPhie Pictonians at Home & Abroad ii. 50 The people of Barney's River were nearly all Kirk men.
1992 E. F. Biagini Liberty, Retrenchm. & Reform 16 Nonconformists, Anglicans and Kirkmen heartily joined in a common effort.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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