kinon.

Brit.

/ˈkiːnəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈkɪnoʊ/

Etymology: apparently of W. African origin: compare Mandingo cano = Gambia kino, the first kind used, called by Fothergill in 1757 ( Med. Obs. I.) gummi rubrum astringens Gambiense, in Edinb. Pharmacop. 1774 Gummi Kino, and in London Pharmacop. 1787 Resina Kino.

a. A substance resembling catechu, usually of a brittle consistence and dark reddish-brown colour, consisting of the inspissated gum or juice of various trees and shrubs of tropical and subtropical regions; used in medicine and tanning as an astringent, and also (in India) for dyeing cotton. Sometimes called gum kino. African kino n. or Gambia kino n. (the kind first known in Europe but now out of use) is the produce of Pterocarpus erinaceus (family Leguminosæ). Bengal kino n. of Butea frondosa and B. superba (family Leguminosæ). Botany Bay kino n., Australian kino n. Eucalyptus resinifera (family Myrtaceæ) and other species. East Indian kino n., Malabar kino n., amboyna kino n. the kind most used of Pterocarpus Marsupium. West Indian kino n., Jamaica kino n. of Coccoloba uvifera (family Polygonaceæ).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] > plant-derived

sumac?a1350

hypocistisa1425

balausty?1541

red sanders1553

balaustine1671

simarouba1733

hypocist1751

kino1788

witch hazel1844

tannigen1898

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

1738 Stibbs Voy. Gambia 267 I shall now describe the Pau de Sangue, or Blood-wood, so called from a red gum which issues from it; it grows abundantly all up the river..and by the Mandingoes called Cano.]

1788 Lond. Pharmac. (ed. 2) 21 Kino, Kino, Gummi Gambiense.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 214 Botany Bay kino is inodorous; tastes bitterish and more austere than the African.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 Gum Kino is the produce of Pterocarpus erinacea.

1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 African Kino,..Asiatic Kino,..American Kino, from a decoction of the fibrous wood of Coccoloba uvifera. The African, which is the most common kind, differs from the rest in coming in small, angular, glittering, black granules.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 200 After five days' treatment by kino with opium and ipecacuanha.

b. attributive.

ΚΠ

1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 Kino-red yields by dry distillation a small quantity of watery and oily distillate.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 743 Compound kino powder in 10 grain doses is also very useful.

2. Any of the trees or plants which yield this substance: see above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > names applied to various trees

gum tree1676

gum-wood1683

bloodwood1697

varnish-tree1758

kino1876

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 644 Kino is a lofty tree..native of Ceylon, and the adjacent part of India.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 324 African or Gambia Kino..Tree often 40 to 70 feet high, with a very hard, fine-grained red wood suitable for naval construction, planking, &c.

Derivatives

kinofluous adj.

/kɪˈnɒfluːəs/ [after mellifluous] ‘exuding kino’ ( Cent. Dict.).

kiˈnoic adj. of or pertaining to kino.

ΚΠ

1853 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 79 Hennig calls this substance kinoic acid.

kinoin n.

/ˈkiːnəʊɪn/ Chemistry a crystalline substance (C₁₄H₁₂O₆) obtained from East Indian kino.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > crystalline substances > [noun] > others

amygdalin1651

asparagine1813

ambrein1820

aloin1828

orcin1833

anemonin1838

guaranin1838

helenin1838

puteanic acid1838

styracin1838

alloxanic acid1839

roccelline1840

sinapisine1840

lilacine1842

syringin1843

orsellic acid1848

roccellinin1848

rhamnetin1858

sapogenin1862

frangulin1864

phycite1864

fisetin1865

nucin1866

phlorone1866

piperonal1869

apiol1872

stercorin1873

juglone1878

orcinol1880

kinoin1881

ursone1885

iridin1894

saponarin1902

sambunigrin1905

lepton1921

leuco-taxin1937

lotaustralin1938

ionophore1955

1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 By repeatedly crystallising..pure colourless crystals of kinoïn are obtained..Kinoïn is anhydrous; it dissolves sparingly in cold water, easily in hot water and in alcohol.

kino-tannic n.

ΚΠ

1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Kinotannic acid, a reddish-brown translucent substance forming some 95 per cent. of kino.

kino acid n.

kino-tannin n. the varieties of tannic acid and tannin occurring in kino.

ΚΠ

1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 Kino-tannin forms a red mass, and yields no pyrogallic acid in dry distillation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kino
释义	kinon. Brit. /ˈkiːnəʊ/, U.S. /ˈkɪnoʊ/ Etymology: apparently of W. African origin: compare Mandingo cano = Gambia kino, the first kind used, called by Fothergill in 1757 ( Med. Obs. I.) gummi rubrum astringens Gambiense, in Edinb. Pharmacop. 1774 Gummi Kino, and in London Pharmacop. 1787 Resina Kino. 1. a. A substance resembling catechu, usually of a brittle consistence and dark reddish-brown colour, consisting of the inspissated gum or juice of various trees and shrubs of tropical and subtropical regions; used in medicine and tanning as an astringent, and also (in India) for dyeing cotton. Sometimes called gum kino. African kino n. or Gambia kino n. (the kind first known in Europe but now out of use) is the produce of Pterocarpus erinaceus (family Leguminosæ). Bengal kino n. of Butea frondosa and B. superba (family Leguminosæ). Botany Bay kino n., Australian kino n. Eucalyptus resinifera (family Myrtaceæ) and other species. East Indian kino n., Malabar kino n., amboyna kino n. the kind most used of Pterocarpus Marsupium. West Indian kino n., Jamaica kino n. of Coccoloba uvifera (family Polygonaceæ). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] > plant-derived sumac?a1350 hypocistisa1425 balausty?1541 red sanders1553 balaustine1671 simarouba1733 hypocist1751 kino1788 witch hazel1844 tannigen1898 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 1738 Stibbs Voy. Gambia 267 I shall now describe the Pau de Sangue, or Blood-wood, so called from a red gum which issues from it; it grows abundantly all up the river..and by the Mandingoes called Cano.] 1788 Lond. Pharmac. (ed. 2) 21 Kino, Kino, Gummi Gambiense. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 214 Botany Bay kino is inodorous; tastes bitterish and more austere than the African. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 91 Gum Kino is the produce of Pterocarpus erinacea. 1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 African Kino,..Asiatic Kino,..American Kino, from a decoction of the fibrous wood of Coccoloba uvifera. The African, which is the most common kind, differs from the rest in coming in small, angular, glittering, black granules. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 200 After five days' treatment by kino with opium and ipecacuanha. b. attributive. ΚΠ 1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 Kino-red yields by dry distillation a small quantity of watery and oily distillate. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 743 Compound kino powder in 10 grain doses is also very useful. 2. Any of the trees or plants which yield this substance: see above. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > names applied to various trees gum tree1676 gum-wood1683 bloodwood1697 varnish-tree1758 kino1876 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 644 Kino is a lofty tree..native of Ceylon, and the adjacent part of India. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 324 African or Gambia Kino..Tree often 40 to 70 feet high, with a very hard, fine-grained red wood suitable for naval construction, planking, &c. Derivatives kinofluous adj. /kɪˈnɒfluːəs/ [after mellifluous] ‘exuding kino’ ( Cent. Dict.). kiˈnoic adj. of or pertaining to kino. ΚΠ 1853 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 79 Hennig calls this substance kinoic acid. kinoin n. /ˈkiːnəʊɪn/ Chemistry a crystalline substance (C₁₄H₁₂O₆) obtained from East Indian kino. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > crystalline substances > [noun] > others amygdalin1651 asparagine1813 ambrein1820 aloin1828 orcin1833 anemonin1838 guaranin1838 helenin1838 puteanic acid1838 styracin1838 alloxanic acid1839 roccelline1840 sinapisine1840 lilacine1842 syringin1843 orsellic acid1848 roccellinin1848 rhamnetin1858 sapogenin1862 frangulin1864 phycite1864 fisetin1865 nucin1866 phlorone1866 piperonal1869 apiol1872 stercorin1873 juglone1878 orcinol1880 kinoin1881 ursone1885 iridin1894 saponarin1902 sambunigrin1905 lepton1921 leuco-taxin1937 lotaustralin1938 ionophore1955 1881 H. Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1158 By repeatedly crystallising..pure colourless crystals of kinoïn are obtained..Kinoïn is anhydrous; it dissolves sparingly in cold water, easily in hot water and in alcohol. kino-tannic n. ΚΠ 1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Kinotannic acid, a reddish-brown translucent substance forming some 95 per cent. of kino. kino acid n. kino-tannin n. the varieties of tannic acid and tannin occurring in kino. ΚΠ 1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 69 Kino-tannin forms a red mass, and yields no pyrogallic acid in dry distillation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : kino-comb. form < n.1788 see also
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kinon.

Derivatives

> see also