单词 | kultur |
释义 | kulturn. Civilization as conceived by the Germans; esp. used in a derogatory sense during the 1914–18 and 1939–45 wars, as involving notions of racial and cultural arrogance, militarism, and imperialism. Also attributive and transferred. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] police1530 civility1531 civilization1760 snivelization1849 civilizedness1878 kultur1914 1914 Punch 16 Sept. 239/1 (heading) The Imperial Prussian College of Culture. Telegrams: ‘Kultur, Berlin’. 1914 Spectator 31 Oct. 589/1 The idea that the extension of the Kultur of a nation can be effected by the extension by arms of its Empire. 1915 Times 30 Mar. 6/4 Kultur, in fact, has become the exact opposite of ‘culture’. 1915 A. Huxley Let. Oct. (1969) 84 We have founded a club, chiefly for the purpose of self protection against Queen's and for the propagation of Kultur. 1916 J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xii. 170 People have no time for Germans after their kultur demonstration in Belgium. 1917 A. G. Empey Over Top 305 A British rat resembles a bull-dog, while a German one, through a course of Kultur, resembles a dachshund. 1918 R. Kipling Kipling's Message It is the peculiar essence of German Kultur, which is the German religion, that it is Germany's moral duty to break every tie, every restriction that binds man to fellow-man, if she thinks it will pay. 1918 tr. W. Gettlich German Grip on Russia 46 Liège, Louvain and Kalisz..prove how far the temperament of a ‘Kultur nation’ is capable of going. 1926 C. H. Herford Mind of Post-War Germany v. 22 The stabilizing forces which post-war Germany derived from her inherited Kultur. 1939 tr. C. Leiser's Nazi Nuggets 82 Since the Nazis and the Japanese have been getting cozy and have signed a pact to foster their Kultur. 1973 L. Snelling Heresy i. i. 4 How ignorant I am of contemporary Kultur. Compounds Also (with varying degrees of naturalization) [all usually with capital initial in English as in German] ˈkulturbild n. [ < German bild picture, image] a description of the culture (of a period, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] > history or description of kulturgeschichte1876 kulturbild1961 1961 Times 23 Nov. 16/4 This book had to be a Kulturbild rather than a biography. 1964 Eng. Stud. 45 91 Professor Schirmer in his Kulturbild attempts to relate John Lydgate to his age by means of his poetry. ˈkulturgeˈschichte n. [German geschichte history] the history of the cultural development (of a country, etc.); history of civilization. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] > history or description of kulturgeschichte1876 kulturbild1961 1876 Mind 1 447 The novel facts and attractive generalisations of Culturgeschichte are insensibly casting discredit upon the thoughtful introspection of one's own adult experience. 1938 Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1936 XVII. 29 Brandenstein's little monograph on the first Indo-European migration is a return to the study of comparative vocabulary as a means for re-imagining some aspects of Kulturgeschichte. 1968 Listener 4 Apr. 448/1 English music historians have, on the whole, concentrated on the chronicling of technical matters and have avoided Kulturgeschichte, as it is practised elsewhere. ˈkulturgut n. [German gut possession] a cultural asset. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] > a cultural asset kulturgut1952 1952 Man June 83 A member of a lower caste tends to imitate the ‘kulturgut’ of higher-caste people... At the same time he is attached to his own kulturgut. 1966 Amer. Notes & Queries June 158/1 No effort was made to segregate the demonstrably regional Kulturgut from that which is literary, and even worldwide. 1969 Language 45 235 The later association of the term with the very poor may represent a sort of..Kulturgut. ˈkulturhund n. (also kultur-hound) [German hund dog] = culture vulture n. at culture n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > lover of culture culturist1870 culture vulture1945 kulturhund1946 1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues xi. 196 That Kultur-hound didn't know..that underneath the phony label was a genuine Victor one. 1963 Listener 17 Jan. 138/3 So our provincial Kulturhunde had thirty minutes of that Vassar-educated Mona Lisa, Miss Mary McCarthy. ˈkulturkampf n. [German kampf conflict] the conflict between the German government and the Papacy for the control of schools and church appointments (1872–87); also transferred. ΚΠ 1879 Dubin Rev. Oct. 350 History of the Prussian ‘Kulturkampf’. 1896 W. Miller Balkans ii. v. 205 A regular Culturkampf raged for nearly twenty years, in which the Turkish officials were far less adverse than the Greek clergy to the Bulgarian demands. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 271/2 In Germany, when the Pontificate of Leo XIII. began, a disastrous conflict between the Imperial Government and the Church was in progress. It was called the Kulturkampf, as professing to be undertaken on behalf of civilization and culture. 1926 C. H. Herford Mind of Post-War Germany i. 6 The Rhinelands, fervently Catholic, and still acutely mindful of Bismarck's Kulturkampf. 1936 H. G. Wells Anat. Frustration xiii. 150 A vast Kultur-Kampf lies between mankind and peace. 1966 New Statesman 18 Feb. 218/3 The kulturkampf between Flemish and Walloon French has now reached the Catholic University of Louvain. ˈkulturkreis n. [German kreis circle] a cultural group; a cultural complex (the term is associated esp. with the German anthropologists F. Graebner and W. Schmidt). ΚΠ 1897 L. Frobenius in Petermann's Mitteilungen XLIII. 225 (title) Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis. 1897 L. Frobenius in Petermann's Mitteilungen XLIII. 225/2 Es mag deshalb die Bezeichnung ‘Westafrikanischer Kulturkreis’ zunächst beibehalten werden.] 1948 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) xvii. 770 Part of a wider theory advanced by the Kulturkreis (culture-sphere) movement or school of ethnology in continental Europe is that the Indonesian-Melanesian cultures are also characterized by the same block of culture traits that includes those enumerated for West Africa. 1971 Eng. Stud. 52 256 It will have important implications..for the whole theoretical question of genre study in literature and the whole historical one of Anglo-Irish relations in the early middle ages, indeed of all of the early Christian Kulturkreis, which included the British Isles, Iceland, Scandinavia, and parts of Germanic Europe. ˈkulturstaat n. [German staat state] a civilized country. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > where specific conditions prevail police state1851 welfare state1894 Rechtsstaat1912 temple-state1920 kulturstaat1925 garrison state1937 the Illfare State1952 opportunity state1957 1925 Manch. Guardian Weekly 16 Oct. 311 There is no ‘Kulturstaat’ (civilised State) that would not punish political crimes. 1936 Mind 45 295 A state must at least preserve its existence, as a condition of becoming a Kulturstaat. 1948 J. Towster Polit. Power in U.S.S.R. i. i. 6 Such conceptions of the state as Rechtstaat or Kulturstaat. ˈkulturträger n. [German träger carrier] an upholder or defender of civilization. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] > upholder of civilization kulturträger1920 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love i. 13 She was a Kulturträger, a medium for the culture of ideas. 1962 Notes & Queries May 190/2 Two types of borrowing situation are envisaged, the bilingual community with oral/aural mediation, and the unilingual community with Kulturträger and written mediation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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