kilogramn.

Brit.

/ˈkɪləɡram/, U.S.

/ˈkɪləˌɡræm/

Forms:

α. 1800s killogram, 1700s– kilogramme (now chiefly British), 1800s– kilogram.

β. 1800s chiliogramme.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French kilogramme.

Etymology: < French kilogramme (1795: see note) < kilo- kilo- comb. form + gramme gram n.²In β. forms with remodelling after ancient Greek χίλιοι thousand (see chiliarch n. and compare kilo- comb. form). Historical note. A set of standard units of weight was developed in France in the 1790s by a group of scientists commissioned by the National Convention. A unit based on the mass of a cubic decimetre of water was officially defined in 1793 as French grave (lit. ‘heavy weight’); that term was replaced by kilogramme in 1795 ( Loi du 18 germinal an III, art. vi.).

a. A unit of mass (also taken as a unit of weight) originally introduced as a fundamental unit of the metric system and now one of the base units in the International System of Units, equivalent to approx. 2·205 lb. Symbol kg.The kilogram was originally defined as the mass (or weight) of a cubic decimetre of distilled water at a particular temperature and pressure. Since 1799 this has, for practical purposes, been represented by a physical standard made of metal and constructed so as to be resistant to wear, corrosion, and other phenomena capable of altering its mass. The modern standard, called the International Prototype of the Kilogram and introduced in 1889, was a cylinder made from a platinum-iridium alloy.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that the kilogram would, from May of the following year, be redefined as the quantity of mass for which the value of Planck's constant is exactly 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴, hence removing the need for a physical standard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > metric gram(me) > kilogram

kilogram1797

kilo1870

kg.1892

1797 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Aug. 197 The kilogramme [is] equal to 2 pounds 5 gros 49 grains.

1896 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 15 June 5/5 The new rifle will weigh nearly one kilogram less than the old weapon.

1959 F. J. Krieger Space Investig. in USSR (typescript, Rand Corporation) 4 The last stage of the rocket, after burn-out, reportedly has a mass of 1472 kilograms.

2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 8 Nov. 15 The koala weighs about 1.5 kilograms (3lbs) and has been named Alfred. Adult koalas can weigh up to 15 kilograms.

b. More fully prototype kilogram, standard kilogram, etc. An object having a mass of one kilogram and constructed to serve as a standard of mass or weight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > metric gram(me) > kilogram > object made as standard

kilogram1831

1831 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 2 65 The rather unsightly appearance of the standard kilogramme of Monsieur Fortin's making.

1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 878 The kilogramme, after having been washed with alcohol, was suspended from the right-hand pan of the balance.

1936 Rep. Board of Trade Standards Dept. Comparisons Imperial Standards 3 The opportunity was..taken to undertake..the comparison of the national copy of the kilogram with the principal standard kilograms of the Board of Trade.

2014 Clinica Chimica Acta 432 50/2 The prototype kilogram (a cylinder made of a platinum-iridium alloy) is maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mésures.

Compounds

kilogram calorie n. now somewhat rare a unit of heat or energy equal to the amount of heat required to raises the temperature of a kilogram of water at one atmosphere of pressure by one degree celsius; = calorie n. (a); symbol Cal, kcal.Contrasted with gramme calorie at calorie n. (b).Now used chiefly as a unit of food energy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > [noun] > unit of heat

thermal unit1853

calorie1863

British thermal unit1865

joule1882

large calorie1884

therm1888

kilogram calorie1892

B.T.U.-

1892 W. M. Baker & V. D. Harris Kirkes' Hand-bk. Physiol. (ed. 13) xiii. 530 Sometimes the term kilogramme-calorie is used; one kilogramme-calorie being equal to 1000 gramme-calories.

1951 B. L. Goodlet Basic Electrotechnics i. 4 Heat energy is measured in kilogram-calories, one of which equals 4186 joules.

2007 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 27 Aug. c2 The Calorie that is associated with food is actually called a kilogram calorie or kilocalorie.

kilogram force n. (plural kilograms force) a unit of force equal to that exerted on a mass of 1 kilogram by standard gravity, equal to approx. 9.806 newtons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > units of force

pound-weight1824

pound-force1865

gram weight1871

dyne1873

kilodyne1873

poundal1875

Gramme1884

Newton1904

kilogram force1905

gram force1909

kip1915

N1951

lbf1961

ounce-force1961

ton-force1961

1905 Science 24 Feb. 303/2 The unit mass is taken as a derived unit, and defined as the mass to which the gravitation unit force (the pound-force or kilogram-force) gives unit acceleration.

1972 Physics Bull. May 285/1 The addition of small weight pieces by hand to the scalepan system permits forces in newtons and kilograms-force to be obtained readily.

2011 Spine Jrnl. 11 442/1 At that point, the force application was stopped and the applied force was recorded in kilograms-force.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kilogram
释义	kilogramn. Brit. /ˈkɪləɡram/, U.S. /ˈkɪləˌɡræm/ Forms: α. 1800s killogram, 1700s– kilogramme (now chiefly British), 1800s– kilogram. β. 1800s chiliogramme. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French kilogramme. Etymology: < French kilogramme (1795: see note) < kilo- kilo- comb. form + gramme gram n.²In β. forms with remodelling after ancient Greek χίλιοι thousand (see chiliarch n. and compare kilo- comb. form). Historical note. A set of standard units of weight was developed in France in the 1790s by a group of scientists commissioned by the National Convention. A unit based on the mass of a cubic decimetre of water was officially defined in 1793 as French grave (lit. ‘heavy weight’); that term was replaced by kilogramme in 1795 ( Loi du 18 germinal an III, art. vi.). a. A unit of mass (also taken as a unit of weight) originally introduced as a fundamental unit of the metric system and now one of the base units in the International System of Units, equivalent to approx. 2·205 lb. Symbol kg.The kilogram was originally defined as the mass (or weight) of a cubic decimetre of distilled water at a particular temperature and pressure. Since 1799 this has, for practical purposes, been represented by a physical standard made of metal and constructed so as to be resistant to wear, corrosion, and other phenomena capable of altering its mass. The modern standard, called the International Prototype of the Kilogram and introduced in 1889, was a cylinder made from a platinum-iridium alloy.In 2018 the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed that the kilogram would, from May of the following year, be redefined as the quantity of mass for which the value of Planck's constant is exactly 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴, hence removing the need for a physical standard. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > metric gram(me) > kilogram kilogram1797 kilo1870 kg.1892 1797 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Aug. 197 The kilogramme [is] equal to 2 pounds 5 gros 49 grains. 1896 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 15 June 5/5 The new rifle will weigh nearly one kilogram less than the old weapon. 1959 F. J. Krieger Space Investig. in USSR (typescript, Rand Corporation) 4 The last stage of the rocket, after burn-out, reportedly has a mass of 1472 kilograms. 2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 8 Nov. 15 The koala weighs about 1.5 kilograms (3lbs) and has been named Alfred. Adult koalas can weigh up to 15 kilograms. b. More fully prototype kilogram, standard kilogram, etc. An object having a mass of one kilogram and constructed to serve as a standard of mass or weight. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > metric gram(me) > kilogram > object made as standard kilogram1831 1831 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 2 65 The rather unsightly appearance of the standard kilogramme of Monsieur Fortin's making. 1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 878 The kilogramme, after having been washed with alcohol, was suspended from the right-hand pan of the balance. 1936 Rep. Board of Trade Standards Dept. Comparisons Imperial Standards 3 The opportunity was..taken to undertake..the comparison of the national copy of the kilogram with the principal standard kilograms of the Board of Trade. 2014 Clinica Chimica Acta 432 50/2 The prototype kilogram (a cylinder made of a platinum-iridium alloy) is maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mésures. Compounds kilogram calorie n. now somewhat rare a unit of heat or energy equal to the amount of heat required to raises the temperature of a kilogram of water at one atmosphere of pressure by one degree celsius; = calorie n. (a); symbol Cal, kcal.Contrasted with gramme calorie at calorie n. (b).Now used chiefly as a unit of food energy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > [noun] > unit of heat thermal unit1853 calorie1863 British thermal unit1865 joule1882 large calorie1884 therm1888 kilogram calorie1892 B.T.U.- 1892 W. M. Baker & V. D. Harris Kirkes' Hand-bk. Physiol. (ed. 13) xiii. 530 Sometimes the term kilogramme-calorie is used; one kilogramme-calorie being equal to 1000 gramme-calories. 1951 B. L. Goodlet Basic Electrotechnics i. 4 Heat energy is measured in kilogram-calories, one of which equals 4186 joules. 2007 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 27 Aug. c2 The Calorie that is associated with food is actually called a kilogram calorie or kilocalorie. kilogram force n. (plural kilograms force) a unit of force equal to that exerted on a mass of 1 kilogram by standard gravity, equal to approx. 9.806 newtons. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > units of force pound-weight1824 pound-force1865 gram weight1871 dyne1873 kilodyne1873 poundal1875 Gramme1884 Newton1904 kilogram force1905 gram force1909 kip1915 N1951 lbf1961 ounce-force1961 ton-force1961 1905 Science 24 Feb. 303/2 The unit mass is taken as a derived unit, and defined as the mass to which the gravitation unit force (the pound-force or kilogram-force) gives unit acceleration. 1972 Physics Bull. May 285/1 The addition of small weight pieces by hand to the scalepan system permits forces in newtons and kilograms-force to be obtained readily. 2011 Spine Jrnl. 11 442/1 At that point, the force application was stopped and the applied force was recorded in kilograms-force. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1797
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