kraaln.

Brit.

/krɑːl/,

/krɔːl/, U.S.

/krɑl/,

/krɔl/

Forms: Also 1700s crawl, 1700s–1800s craal, 1800s crall, kraul. See also crawl n.²

Etymology: < Colonial Dutch kraal, < Portuguese curral , corral : see corral n.

a. A village of Southern or Central African native peoples, consisting of a collection of huts surrounded by a fence or stockade, and often having a central space for cattle, etc. Also transferred the community of such a village.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > village in countries other than England

casal1511

clachana1530

rancheria1594

aldeia1609

stanitza1662

kraal1731

pettah1761

township1789

pueblo1808

rancho1819

kainga1820

aoul1828

bustee1834

obe1835

tref1841

kampong1844

mir1856

manyatta1905

lapa1909

shtetl1963

1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 75 The Kraals, as they call them, or villages, of the Hassaquas are larger.

1771 J. Banks Jrnl. Jan. in Endeavour Jrnl. (1962) II. 259 They [sc. the Cape Hottentots] train up Bulls which they constantly place round their Crawls or towns; in the night.

1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope I. 179 A craal or community of Hottentots, to the amount of about thirty persons.

1836 Penny Cycl. V. 229 Kraals of Bosjesmans north of the Orange river who seemed to live in peace under a chief.

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. I. 316 The huts which compose their kraals are of a circular form.

1891 R. W. Murray S. Afr. 194 A kraal is..a collection of huts surrounded by mud walls or palisading.

b. Used loosely for a poor hut or hovel.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun]

hulka1000

boothc1200

hull?c1225

lodge1290

hottea1325

holetc1380

tavern1382

scalea1400

schura1400

tugury1412

donjon?a1439

cabinc1440

coshc1490

cabinet1579

bully1598

crib1600

shed1600

hut1637

hovela1640

boorachc1660

barrack1686

bothy1750

corf1770

rancho1819

shanty1820

kraal1832

shelty1834

shackle1835

mia-mia1837

wickiup1838

caboose1839

chantier1849

hangar1852

caban1866

shebang1867

humpy1873

shack1878

hale1885

bach1927

jhuggi1927

favela1961

hokkie1973

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 70 That solitary attraction which the poorest kraals of Ireland possess—hospitality.

a. An enclosure for cattle or sheep (esp. in South or Central Africa); a stockade, pen, fold. (Cf. crawl n.² 1) In quot. 1861 applied to an enclosure formed by wagons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen

folda700

lockeOE

pen1227

foldingc1440

pend1542

cub1548

hull1570

corral1582

boolya1599

ree1674

crew1681

reeve1720

stell1766

pound1779

kraal1796

fank1812

poundage1866

forcing-yard1890

1796 tr. Thunberg's Cape G.H. in Pinkerton's Voy. (1814) XVI. 23 A place or fold, where sheep as well as horned cattle were inclosed in the open air, was called a Kraal.

1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches ii. iv. 180 He led us out towards the kraals or cattle-folds.

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. I. 313 At the door of the Calf kraal.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xi. 179 My three waggons could not make a crall or fence around my mules and horses.

1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. vii. 202 The traveler's first duty in lands infested with lions is to build a safe corral, kraal, or boma, for himself and oxen.

b. In Sri Lanka, an enclosure into which wild elephants are driven; also, the process of capturing elephants in this way. Also attributive. So kraal-town n. a town formed to accommodate the company assembled to view a kraaling of elephants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] > enclosure > for catching elephants

corral1785

keddah1799

kraal1891

1891 Outing Dec. 171/1 An elephant kraal is no simple matter, the drive taking possibly a couple of months to accomplish.

1891 Outing Dec. 171/1 Gradually, slowly but surely, the herds..are driven toward the kraal.

1891 Outing Dec. 174/1 In less than a week's time a town springs into existence. ‘Kraaltown!’ with its clubs, hotels, saloons, cafés, and ‘chummeries’, to say nothing of suburban villas, etc.

1933 D. E. Blunt Elephant ii. 103 Great difficulty was experienced in finding the best way of capturing the young African elephants, the keddah or kraal method used in Ceylon proving impossible in the Congo.

1956 R. Pieris Sinhalese Social Organization v. ii. 185 The pannikalē assisted in driving the elephants into the kraal or enclosure.

c. An enclosure in water for holding live sponges or turtles; = crawl n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or breeding other animals > [noun] > enclosure for sponges or turtles

turtle-crawl1833

turtle-kraal1885

terrapin farm1901

kraal1939

1939 Nature 13 May (Suppl.) 807/2 Inshore waters in close proximity to sponge kraals.

1961 Encounter Apr. 18/2 The turtles swim in dense kraals.

3. attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1817 S. T. Coleridge in Ess. Own Times (1850) III. 957 The Kraul~men from whose errors they absterged themselves.

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table x. 280 The selectmen of an African kraal-village.

1900 Daily Tel. 5 June 7/5 The English Yeomanry horses had been kraaled, and, taking fright at the firing, burst through the kraal walls and stampeded.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	kraal
释义	kraaln. Brit. /krɑːl/, /krɔːl/, U.S. /krɑl/, /krɔl/ Forms: Also 1700s crawl, 1700s–1800s craal, 1800s crall, kraul. See also crawl n.² Etymology: < Colonial Dutch kraal, < Portuguese curral , corral : see corral n. 1. a. A village of Southern or Central African native peoples, consisting of a collection of huts surrounded by a fence or stockade, and often having a central space for cattle, etc. Also transferred the community of such a village. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > village in countries other than England casal1511 clachana1530 rancheria1594 aldeia1609 stanitza1662 kraal1731 pettah1761 township1789 pueblo1808 rancho1819 kainga1820 aoul1828 bustee1834 obe1835 tref1841 kampong1844 mir1856 manyatta1905 lapa1909 shtetl1963 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 75 The Kraals, as they call them, or villages, of the Hassaquas are larger. 1771 J. Banks Jrnl. Jan. in Endeavour Jrnl. (1962) II. 259 They [sc. the Cape Hottentots] train up Bulls which they constantly place round their Crawls or towns; in the night. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope I. 179 A craal or community of Hottentots, to the amount of about thirty persons. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 229 Kraals of Bosjesmans north of the Orange river who seemed to live in peace under a chief. 1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. I. 316 The huts which compose their kraals are of a circular form. 1891 R. W. Murray S. Afr. 194 A kraal is..a collection of huts surrounded by mud walls or palisading. b. Used loosely for a poor hut or hovel. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] hulka1000 boothc1200 hull?c1225 lodge1290 hottea1325 holetc1380 tavern1382 scalea1400 schura1400 tugury1412 donjon?a1439 cabinc1440 coshc1490 cabinet1579 bully1598 crib1600 shed1600 hut1637 hovela1640 boorachc1660 barrack1686 bothy1750 corf1770 rancho1819 shanty1820 kraal1832 shelty1834 shackle1835 mia-mia1837 wickiup1838 caboose1839 chantier1849 hangar1852 caban1866 shebang1867 humpy1873 shack1878 hale1885 bach1927 jhuggi1927 favela1961 hokkie1973 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 70 That solitary attraction which the poorest kraals of Ireland possess—hospitality. 2. a. An enclosure for cattle or sheep (esp. in South or Central Africa); a stockade, pen, fold. (Cf. crawl n.² 1) In quot. 1861 applied to an enclosure formed by wagons. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen folda700 lockeOE pen1227 foldingc1440 pend1542 cub1548 hull1570 corral1582 boolya1599 ree1674 crew1681 reeve1720 stell1766 pound1779 kraal1796 fank1812 poundage1866 forcing-yard1890 1796 tr. Thunberg's Cape G.H. in Pinkerton's Voy. (1814) XVI. 23 A place or fold, where sheep as well as horned cattle were inclosed in the open air, was called a Kraal. 1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches ii. iv. 180 He led us out towards the kraals or cattle-folds. 1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. I. 313 At the door of the Calf kraal. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xi. 179 My three waggons could not make a crall or fence around my mules and horses. 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. vii. 202 The traveler's first duty in lands infested with lions is to build a safe corral, kraal, or boma, for himself and oxen. b. In Sri Lanka, an enclosure into which wild elephants are driven; also, the process of capturing elephants in this way. Also attributive. So kraal-town n. a town formed to accommodate the company assembled to view a kraaling of elephants. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] > enclosure > for catching elephants corral1785 keddah1799 kraal1891 1891 Outing Dec. 171/1 An elephant kraal is no simple matter, the drive taking possibly a couple of months to accomplish. 1891 Outing Dec. 171/1 Gradually, slowly but surely, the herds..are driven toward the kraal. 1891 Outing Dec. 174/1 In less than a week's time a town springs into existence. ‘Kraaltown!’ with its clubs, hotels, saloons, cafés, and ‘chummeries’, to say nothing of suburban villas, etc. 1933 D. E. Blunt Elephant ii. 103 Great difficulty was experienced in finding the best way of capturing the young African elephants, the keddah or kraal method used in Ceylon proving impossible in the Congo. 1956 R. Pieris Sinhalese Social Organization v. ii. 185 The pannikalē assisted in driving the elephants into the kraal or enclosure. c. An enclosure in water for holding live sponges or turtles; = crawl n.² 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or breeding other animals > [noun] > enclosure for sponges or turtles turtle-crawl1833 turtle-kraal1885 terrapin farm1901 kraal1939 1939 Nature 13 May (Suppl.) 807/2 Inshore waters in close proximity to sponge kraals. 1961 Encounter Apr. 18/2 The turtles swim in dense kraals. 3. attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1817 S. T. Coleridge in Ess. Own Times (1850) III. 957 The Kraul~men from whose errors they absterged themselves. 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table x. 280 The selectmen of an African kraal-village. 1900 Daily Tel. 5 June 7/5 The English Yeomanry horses had been kraaled, and, taking fright at the firing, burst through the kraal walls and stampeded. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). kraalv. Brit. /krɑːl/, /krɔːl/, U.S. /krɑl/, /krɔl/ Etymology: < kraal n. transitive. To enclose in a kraal or stockade. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > drive or put into enclosure parc1300 foldc1440 house1578 pinfold1605 pen1607 enfold?1611 impen?1623 to get in1698 weara1724 yard1758 to run in1837 corral1847 paddock1847 kraal1865 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Oct. 6 25,000 cattle and 8,000 horses were thus kraaled on the top of a mountain. 1877 T. Baines Goldfields 8 The necessity of kraaling the cattle at night within the village. 1891 Outing Dec. 174/2 Hurrying them to the kraal we lowered the huge bars and kraaled our first elephant. 1899 H. R. Haggard Swallow vi Now I go out to see to the kraaling of the cattle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1731v.1865
随便看	deificcest deificer deificest deified deifier deifiers deifies deiform deiformed deiformity deify deifying deign deigned deigning deignous deignoushede deignously deigns deil deil na deil nor deils deincline deinclined

kraaln.

kraalv.