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单词 kiln
释义

kilnn.

Brit. /kɪln/, /kɪl/, U.S. /kɪln/
Forms: α. Old English cyline, cylene, cyln(e, Middle English kulne, Middle English kylne ( kyllne), 1500s–1700s kilne, 1500s– kiln. β. Middle English–1500s kylle, 1500s–1600s kyll, 1600s kil, Middle English–1700s kill. γ. 1500s–1700s (1800s dialect) kell. δ. 1500s–1600s keele, 1600s kiele.
Etymology: Old English cylene, etc. < *ˈculina, < Latin culīna kitchen, cooking-stove, burning-place; with usual shifting of Latin stress (compare kitchen). Outside of English known only in Scandinavian, Old Norse kylna (Norwegian kjølne , Swedish kölna , Danish kølle ), probably adopted < English (as Welsh cilin , cil certainly are). In Middle English the final -n became silent (in most districts), hence the frequent spelling kill in place of the etymological kiln ; compare miln , mill n.1
a. A furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, of which various kinds are used in different industrial processes: e.g. (a) a furnace for burning a substance, as in calcining lime (lime-kiln n.) or making charcoal; (b) an oven or furnace for baking bricks (brick kiln n.), tiles, or clay vessels, or for melting the vitreous glaze on such vessels; (c) a building containing a furnace for drying grain, hops, etc. or for making malt.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun]
kilnc725
fourneil1483
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain
kilnc725
oastOE
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > building containing
kilnc1440
α.
c725 Corpus Gloss. 906 Fornacula, cyline, heorðe.
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 185/30 Siccatorium, cyln, uel ast.
c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 158 Toral (kulne).
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 274/2 Kylne for malt dryynge (P. kill), ustrina.
c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 231 As kylne oþer kechine, Þus rudely he rekes.
1625 Markham's Farew. Husb. 108 Having your Kilne well ordered and bedded, you shall lay as many sheaues thereon, as it can containe.
1683 London Gaz. No. 1789/4 A Kilne for making of Mault.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 6 Lime..newly drawn out of the Kiln.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 142 A Kiln, such as the Potters burn in.
1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend i. 17 A smouldering, dull, perpetual flame, As in a kiln, burns in my veins.
β. 1471 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 107 For makyng a kylle and ye lyme-berner xs.1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxiiiv As one potter makyth of one clay, Vessels dyuers, but whan he must them lay Upon the kyll [etc.].1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 156 They carrie it [barley] to a kill couered with haire cloth.1611 Bible (King James) Jer. xliii. 9 Hide them in the clay in the bricke kill . View more context for this quotation1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 52 A Kill..for the making of twenty thousand of Bricks.1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 48 Step ye west the kill A bow-shot, and ye'll find my hame.1777 H. Gates in C. Gist Jrnls. (1893) 280 The extensive Buildings and Kills..are also laid in Ashes.1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) A lime kill, a maut kill.γ. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1878) iii. viii. ii. 53 The Chiues..are dried vpon little kelles couered with streined canuasses.1595 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Babilon 16 The brick-burner bakes within his smokie kell Claie into stone.1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Kell or Kiln.1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Kell, a kiln.δ. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie B 1232 To make bricke in a keele.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28v When it [sc. barley] is watred, I drye it vpon a floore or a keel.1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §648 The drying [of malt] upon the Keele.
b. In phrases and proverbs: esp. to set the kiln on fire (Sc. a-low), to fire the kiln, to cause a serious commotion or turmoil; so the kiln's on fire.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > become ardent or fervent [verb (intransitive)] > inflame passion
to set the kiln on fire (Sc. a-low)1705
1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie sig. Lv Tush (quoth Ganimede) al is not malte that is cast on the kill.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 537 It is that which some say prouerbialie, Ill may the Kill call the Ouen burnt taile.
1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 41 As for my Peck of Mault, set the Kiln on Fire.
1722 R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. II. 206 They..told him, that his opposing the Clause, excepting the King's Sons and Brothers, had fired the Kiln.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 180 The Captain's a queer hand, and to speak to him about that..wad be to set the kiln a-low.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose xii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 262 He has contrived to set the kiln on fire as fast as I put it out.
c. = kilnful n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > as much as kiln can hold
kilnful1724
kiln1743
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills a kiln or stove
kilnful1724
kiln1743
stoveful1838
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Oct. iv. 21 They fetch five Quarters of Lime from the Kiln, which they call a Kiln of Lime, because it is all they burn at once.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
kiln-board n.
ΚΠ
1882 Standard 16 Sept. 8/2 Brickmakers plant and stock, comprising..hack planks, kiln boards.
kiln-burning n.
ΚΠ
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 418 The mere process of kiln-burning.
kiln-dust n.
ΚΠ
1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 114 To distinguish the genuine malt-dust from that which is called kiln-dust, which falls through the gratings from the malt whilst it is drying.
kiln-fire n.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1228/1 The kiln-fire is supplied with warm air.
kiln-man n.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 416 There, busie Kil-men ply their occupations For brick and tyle.
kiln-mouth n.
ΚΠ
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. viii. 86 The room inside was lighted only by the ruddy glow from the kiln mouth.
kiln-wife n.
ΚΠ
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 792/39 Hec ustrinatrix, a kylme wife.
b.
kiln-burnt adj.
ΚΠ
1850 P. H. Gosse Sacred Streams iv. 152 Kiln-burnt bricks.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 98 Kiln-burned coal would, it is estimated, weigh 20 pounds per bushel.
C2. kiln-dry v.
kiln-barn n. a barn containing a kiln.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > building containing kiln
kiln-house1417
kiln-barnc1650
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 61 Thay..schot hir self with hir barnes to duell in the kilbarne.
kiln-cloth n. Obsolete a cloth on which the grain was laid in a kiln.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain > cloth or stick in
kiln-haire1567
kiln-cloth1574
kiln-stick1740
kiln-rib-
1574 J. Baret Aluearie K 55 The kille cloth of heare, cilicium.
1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A Kill-cloath of haire, een oven-kleedt van hayr.
kiln-eye n. (a) an opening for removing the lime from a lime-kiln; (b) = kiln-hole n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > lime-kilns > parts of
kiln-eye1603
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 70 A kill..havinge two lope holes in the bottome which they call the kill eyes.
kiln-haire n. Obsolete = kiln-cloth n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain > cloth or stick in
kiln-haire1567
kiln-cloth1574
kiln-stick1740
kiln-rib-
1567 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 211 In the kilne, one seastron and one kilne hare.
kiln-hamer n. Obsolete (?).
ΚΠ
1551 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 134 In the kyell..a kyllhamer and a wyndooclothe xs.
kiln-hole n. the fire-hole of a kiln (see also quot. 1828).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > parts of kiln
balk1432
killogie15..
kiln-holea1616
muffle1644
logie1780
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] > herdsman's, shepherd's, etc.
shiel1291
tilt1612
shepherd's hut1663
chalet1784
shanty1824
stock-hut1827
kiln-hole1828
hok1930
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. ii. 51 Creepe into the Kill-hole.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Kill-hole, the hole of, or a hovel adjoining, the kill.
kiln-house n. a kiln, or building containing one.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > building containing kiln
kiln-house1417
kiln-barnc1650
1417 Surtees Misc. (1888) 12 The kylne howse of the same Sir John.
1544 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 174 The kyll howses beneyth the [Oseney] mylls.
kiln-logie n. (see killogie n.).
kiln-pot n. ? the floor of a malting or drying kiln.
ΚΠ
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 156 Answer will be returned from the kiln-pot, by naming the christian and sirname of your future Spouse.
1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 149 (E.D.D.) She straught gaed to a deep kiln pot Her fortune for to try.
Thesaurus »
kiln-rib n.
kiln-stick n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain > cloth or stick in
kiln-haire1567
kiln-cloth1574
kiln-stick1740
kiln-rib-
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 150 His Body as dry as a Kiln-stick.
kiln-tree n. one of the sticks on which the grain is laid in a kiln.

Derivatives

ˈkilnful n. rare as much as a kiln can hold.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > as much as kiln can hold
kilnful1724
kiln1743
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills a kiln or stove
kilnful1724
kiln1743
stoveful1838
1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 9 A kilnfu' of corn I'll gi'e to thee.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

kilnv.

Brit. /kɪln/, /kɪl/, U.S. /kɪln/
Etymology: < kiln n.
transitive. To burn, bake, or dry in a kiln; to kiln-dry.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > furnace or kiln > dry in kiln
kiln-dryc1540
kiln1715
1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. v. 6 It must be employ'd as soon as kiln'd, otherwise it wastes..away.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Malt There is also another Error in drying and kilning of Malt.
1742 G. Leoni Notes I. Jones in N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture (ed. 3) II. iv. 54/2 Lime, the manner of killing it.
1881 R. D. Blackmore Christowell (1882) xxv The clay was so inferior, and they were kilned in such a doltish manner.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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