asperityn.

/əˈspɛrɪti/

Forms: Middle English asprete, 1500s asperite, asperitie, 1500s– asperity.

Etymology: < Old French asprete (modern âpreté ) < Latin asperitātem , < asper rough: see -ty suffix¹. Subsequently assimilated to the Latin word.

1. Unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness; concrete in plural sharp, rough, or rugged excrescences.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun]

unevenness1398

asperitya1492

ruggedness1530

raggedness1538

grabbedness1565

craggedness1598

implanitude1598

inequality1607

salebrosity1638

salebrity1656

salebrousness1727

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > rough part, object, or feature

roughOE

ragged?c1225

roughnessa1398

ruba1616

asperity1662

chicken skin1897

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxxvii. f. l/1 Fewe people wente for to see him, for the grete asprete or sharpnesse of the place.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 246 Iuyce of Mynte..taketh away the asperitie, and roughnesse of the tongue.

1662 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) ii. xii. 84 To view the Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass.

1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. ii. 396 If any splinters or Asperities of Bones present themselves.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 25 Almost all Delimaceæ have the leaves covered with asperities.

2. Roughness of savour, tartness, acridity, acrimony. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > bitterness or acridity

gallc1175

smartnessa1425

rhubarba1529

acrimony1542

acridity1547

amaritude1599

acerbity1608

acrity1619

asperity1620

acritude1650

acridness1702

bitterishness1702

crabbedness1715

acerbitude1727

amarulence1727

bitterness-

1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 87 Very good for the asperity and siccity of the stomacke.

1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 512 Esteeming the Mass of bloud by reason of its asperity..unfit for nutrition.

1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) 41 The asperity of tartarous salts.

3. Harshness of sound, grating quality. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun]

harshnessc1480

dissonance1598

raucedity1599

raucity1607

untunableness1611

disharmony1656

asperity1664

raucidity1669

inharmoniousness1768

tunelessness1881

untunefulness1881

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 239 The shrilness and asperity of the noise they make.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋12 Our language, of which the chief defect is ruggedness and asperity.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 167 A place in Egypt, which he could not specify on account of its asperity.

4. Of literary style: Ruggedness, lack of polish, inelegance. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun]

roughnessa1398

beggarliness1542

crabbedness1546

barbarousness1549

grossness1563

rusticity1565

barbarism1578

inconcinnity1616

ungracefulness1658

incuriosity1661

incomptness1669

uncouthness1672

unpoliteness1684

barbarity1706

inelegance1726

inelegancy1727

scabrousness1727

asperity1779

crudity1885

ineloquence1894

1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Wks. II. 66 Avoids with very little care either meanness or asperity.

1779 S. Johnson Philips in Wks. II. 293 Those asperities that are venerable in the Paradise Lost are contemptible in the Blenheim.

a. figurative. Harshness to the feelings, rigour, severity; hence, hardship, difficulty. (The earliest sense; archaic except in sense 5b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [noun]

tartnessc1000

asperity?c1225

hardship?c1225

smartness1340

duressc1400

straitnessc1460

hardlaikc1540

severeness1579

sorenessa1586

grievousness1611

severity1835

sting1860

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 261 Vilte & asperte..scheome & Pine..beoð þe twa laddre steolen. þet is up richt to heouene.

a1535 T. More Wks. (R.) 1218 (R.) To..minysh the vygour and asperite of the paynes.

1659 N. Hardy 1st Epist. John (1865) xlix. 318/1 This oil [of gladness]..mitigateth the asperity of affliction.

b. Bitter coldness, rigour, bleakness.

ΚΠ

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 80. ⁋4 The nakedness and asperity of the wintry world.

1866 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/5 The great asperity of the climate in winter.

6. Harshness or sharpness of temper, esp. when displayed in tone or manner; crabbedness, bitterness, acrimony; in plural harsh, embittered feelings.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun]

gallc1175

sourness1482

fellc1494

acerbitya1538

tartness1548

acrimony1597

verjuice1598

vinegara1616

acidness1660

asperity1664

thorniness1674

acidity1687

acerbitude1727

acridity1753

vitriol1769

souredness1858

1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 554 Animosities, and asperities of mind about toys and trifles.

1757 S. Johnson Rambler No. 176. ⁋8 Quickness of resentment and asperity of reply.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby iii. 15 Demanded with much asperity what she meant.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	asperity
释义	asperityn. /əˈspɛrɪti/ Forms: Middle English asprete, 1500s asperite, asperitie, 1500s– asperity. Etymology: < Old French asprete (modern âpreté ) < Latin asperitātem , < asper rough: see -ty suffix¹. Subsequently assimilated to the Latin word. 1. Unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness; concrete in plural sharp, rough, or rugged excrescences. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] unevenness1398 asperitya1492 ruggedness1530 raggedness1538 grabbedness1565 craggedness1598 implanitude1598 inequality1607 salebrosity1638 salebrity1656 salebrousness1727 the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > rough part, object, or feature roughOE ragged?c1225 roughnessa1398 ruba1616 asperity1662 chicken skin1897 a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxxvii. f. l/1 Fewe people wente for to see him, for the grete asprete or sharpnesse of the place. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 246 Iuyce of Mynte..taketh away the asperitie, and roughnesse of the tongue. 1662 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) ii. xii. 84 To view the Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass. 1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. ii. 396 If any splinters or Asperities of Bones present themselves. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 25 Almost all Delimaceæ have the leaves covered with asperities. 2. Roughness of savour, tartness, acridity, acrimony. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > bitterness or acridity gallc1175 smartnessa1425 rhubarba1529 acrimony1542 acridity1547 amaritude1599 acerbity1608 acrity1619 asperity1620 acritude1650 acridness1702 bitterishness1702 crabbedness1715 acerbitude1727 amarulence1727 bitterness- 1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 87 Very good for the asperity and siccity of the stomacke. 1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 512 Esteeming the Mass of bloud by reason of its asperity..unfit for nutrition. 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) 41 The asperity of tartarous salts. 3. Harshness of sound, grating quality. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] harshnessc1480 dissonance1598 raucedity1599 raucity1607 untunableness1611 disharmony1656 asperity1664 raucidity1669 inharmoniousness1768 tunelessness1881 untunefulness1881 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 239 The shrilness and asperity of the noise they make. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. ⁋12 Our language, of which the chief defect is ruggedness and asperity. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 167 A place in Egypt, which he could not specify on account of its asperity. 4. Of literary style: Ruggedness, lack of polish, inelegance. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] roughnessa1398 beggarliness1542 crabbedness1546 barbarousness1549 grossness1563 rusticity1565 barbarism1578 inconcinnity1616 ungracefulness1658 incuriosity1661 incomptness1669 uncouthness1672 unpoliteness1684 barbarity1706 inelegance1726 inelegancy1727 scabrousness1727 asperity1779 crudity1885 ineloquence1894 1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Wks. II. 66 Avoids with very little care either meanness or asperity. 1779 S. Johnson Philips in Wks. II. 293 Those asperities that are venerable in the Paradise Lost are contemptible in the Blenheim. 5. a. figurative. Harshness to the feelings, rigour, severity; hence, hardship, difficulty. (The earliest sense; archaic except in sense 5b.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [noun] tartnessc1000 asperity?c1225 hardship?c1225 smartness1340 duressc1400 straitnessc1460 hardlaikc1540 severeness1579 sorenessa1586 grievousness1611 severity1835 sting1860 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 261 Vilte & asperte..scheome & Pine..beoð þe twa laddre steolen. þet is up richt to heouene. a1535 T. More Wks. (R.) 1218 (R.) To..minysh the vygour and asperite of the paynes. 1659 N. Hardy 1st Epist. John (1865) xlix. 318/1 This oil [of gladness]..mitigateth the asperity of affliction. b. Bitter coldness, rigour, bleakness. ΚΠ 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 80. ⁋4 The nakedness and asperity of the wintry world. 1866 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/5 The great asperity of the climate in winter. 6. Harshness or sharpness of temper, esp. when displayed in tone or manner; crabbedness, bitterness, acrimony; in plural harsh, embittered feelings. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun] gallc1175 sourness1482 fellc1494 acerbitya1538 tartness1548 acrimony1597 verjuice1598 vinegara1616 acidness1660 asperity1664 thorniness1674 acidity1687 acerbitude1727 acridity1753 vitriol1769 souredness1858 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 554 Animosities, and asperities of mind about toys and trifles. 1757 S. Johnson Rambler No. 176. ⁋8 Quickness of resentment and asperity of reply. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby iii. 15 Demanded with much asperity what she meant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.?c1225
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