aspern.²

/ˈaspə/

Etymology: < French aspre, or < Italian aspero, < Byzantine Greek ἄσπρον lit. ‘white-money,’ < ἄσπρος, ἄσπρον white (said to be < Latin asper rough: see Littré).

Historical.

A small silver Turkish coin, of which 120 were reckoned equal to the piastre; in later use only a ‘money of account’.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Turkish

asper1587

lira1871

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Turkish coins

zecchino1572

serapha1576

manghir1585

chequina1587

asper1587

sultane1612

sultanina1613

sultanya1613

sherifi1615

piastre1617

sequin1617

sultana1656

sultaness1661

para1687

medjidie1855

kurus1882

metalik1895

1587 T. Saunders Most Lamentable Voiage sig. B.iiii^v Five Osperes..which is but two pence English.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. F2 ^v/2 One..That would run on mens errands for an Asper.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lxviii. 733 His poverty was alleviated by a pension of 50,000 aspers.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 196 I relieve not with one asper those who beg for alms upon the highway.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

† asperaspreadj.

Etymology: < Old French aspre (modern âpre) < Latin asper rough, harsh.

Obsolete.

1. Rough, rugged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > rough

sharpc893

roughOE

foec1400

rupt?a1425

aspera1492

scragged1519

smarta1525

ruggeda1533

crabbed1579

broken1599

tutty-nosed1681

ruggish1838

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough

unsmeetheOE

sharpc893

rowOE

reofOE

roughOE

unplaina1393

harsha1400

scrofc1400

stourc1400

ruggyc1405

asperous1547

harshy1582

shagged1589

horrid1590

unsmooth1598

gross1606

asperate1623

brute1627

scabbed1630

sleazy1644

rasping1656

scaber1657

asper1681

shaggy1693

gruff1697

grating1766

hackly1794

ruvid1837

scrubby1856

unkind1866

raspy1882

ruckly1923

sandpapery1957

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxxiii. f. xxviii/1 The wayes were soo aspre..that..they that shoed with gode and stronge shoes were cutte & broken.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 89 The passage..through rough & asper montaynys.

1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Asper artery, the wind-pipe.

2. Harsh to the senses, in sound or taste.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > [adjective] > unpalatable

unsweetc1440

boisterous1483

untasty1566

untoothsome1576

twice sod1601

coarse1607

irrelishable1608

asper1626

insuave1657

untoward1662

physicala1665

asperous1670

unpalatable1682

woolly1687

inelegant1708

smoked1761

impalatable1782

brassy1789

soddena1800

metallic1800

inky1805

unsweetened1817

weedy1851

tinny1873

tangy1875

raw1881

unappetizing1884

twangy1887

stavy1888

toasty1890

soapy1892

stewy1895

gloppy1976

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > making harsh or discordant sound

hoarsec1369

ganglinga1398

roughlyc1400

rauk?a1425

rustyc1430

hask?1440

savagea1450

raw1474

hoar?a1505

harsh1530

untunable1545

jarring1552

jarry1582

barking1589

absonant1600

wrangling1608

raucous1615

asper1626

streperous1637

scrannel1638

caterwaulinga1652

unmelodious1665

jangling1667

latrant1702

untuneful1709

raucid1730

unharmonious1742

unmelodized1771

unmelodic1823

raucal1826

rauque1845

raspish1847

serratic1859

jangled1874

jangly1891

amelodic1937

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §173 All Base Notes, or very Treble Notes, give an Asper sound.

1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. viii. 174 The medicines..when once they begin to grow stale,..become sharp and asper.

3. Harsh to the feelings; bitter, cruel, severe.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective]

anguishous?c1225

wounding?c1225

asperc1374

derflya1400

rending?c1400

furiousc1405

fretting1413

piercingc1450

anguish1477

piquant1521

anguishing?1566

plaguing1566

asperous?1567

agonizing1570

tormenting1575

wringing1576

cutting1582

tormentous1583

tormentful1596

tormentuous1597

racking1598

torturous1600

lacerating1609

torturing1611

tearinga1616

heart-aching1620

breast-rending1625

crucifying1648

tormentative1654

martyring?a1656

tormentive1655

discruciating1658

cruciatory1660

anguishful1685

brain-racking1708

probing1749

agonized1793

anguished1803

harrowing1810

vulnerary1821

grinding1869

torturesome1889

wrenching1889

tortuous1922

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 798 And in hire aspre pleynte, thus she seyde.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 122/2 Thise aspre tormentes and cruell doubte.

1578 Oliver of Castille vi. (T.) What dure and aspre strokes I have seen them give.

4. Of persons: Harsh, severe, stern.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern

wrothc893

retheeOE

stithc897

starkOE

sternOE

hardOE

dangerous?c1225

sharpa1340

asperc1374

austerec1384

shrewda1387

snella1400

sternful?a1400

unsterna1400

dour?a1425

piquant1521

tetrical1528

tetric1533

sorea1535

rugged?1548

severe1548

hard-handed1611

Catonian1676

tetricous1727

heavy1849

acerbic1853

stiff1856

Catonic1883

tough1905

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective]

heavyc825

retheeOE

stithc897

hardeOE

starkOE

sternOE

dangerous?c1225

sharp?c1225

unsoftc1275

sturdy1297

asperc1374

austerec1384

shrewda1387

snella1400

sternful?a1400

dour?a1425

thrallc1430

piquant1521

tetrical1528

tetric1533

sorea1535

rugged?1548

severe1548

iron1574

harsh1579

strict1600

angry1650

Catonian1676

Draconic1708

tetricous1727

alkaline1789

acerbic1853

stiff1856

acerbate1869

acerbitous1870

Draconian1876

Catonic1883

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. i. 32 Þou..makest fortune wroþe and aspere by þin inpacience.

1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse Pref. f. 18^v I am more aspre in my writing, than..modesty requireth.

a1636 T. Westcote View Devonshire 1630 (1845) 44 His melancholie..asper nature, by which he centureth other men.

5. Hardy, warlike; mettled, fierce, savage.

ΚΠ

c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 23 The aspre folke of Cithe.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 7 He fought none but..the most aspre.

1503 Shepherd's Kal. (1656) xlii Naturally a man is..avaricious as a dog, and aspre as the Hart.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	asper
释义	aspern.¹ /ˈaspə/ Etymology: < Latin asper (sc. spīritus ): see asper adj. Ancient Greek Grammar. Categories » The rough breathing; the sign (῾) placed above an initial vowel, or over ρ, equivalent in power to a Roman h; thus ὧς = hōs, ῥάβδος = rhabdos. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). aspern.² /ˈaspə/ Etymology: < French aspre, or < Italian aspero, < Byzantine Greek ἄσπρον lit. ‘white-money,’ < ἄσπρος, ἄσπρον white (said to be < Latin asper rough: see Littré). Historical. A small silver Turkish coin, of which 120 were reckoned equal to the piastre; in later use only a ‘money of account’. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Turkish asper1587 lira1871 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Turkish coins zecchino1572 serapha1576 manghir1585 chequina1587 asper1587 sultane1612 sultanina1613 sultanya1613 sherifi1615 piastre1617 sequin1617 sultana1656 sultaness1661 para1687 medjidie1855 kurus1882 metalik1895 1587 T. Saunders Most Lamentable Voiage sig. B.iiii^v Five Osperes..which is but two pence English. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. F2 ^v/2 One..That would run on mens errands for an Asper. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. lxviii. 733 His poverty was alleviated by a pension of 50,000 aspers. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 196 I relieve not with one asper those who beg for alms upon the highway. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2018). † asperaspreadj. Etymology: < Old French aspre (modern âpre) < Latin asper rough, harsh. Obsolete. 1. Rough, rugged. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > rough sharpc893 roughOE foec1400 rupt?a1425 aspera1492 scragged1519 smarta1525 ruggeda1533 crabbed1579 broken1599 tutty-nosed1681 ruggish1838 the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough unsmeetheOE sharpc893 rowOE reofOE roughOE unplaina1393 harsha1400 scrofc1400 stourc1400 ruggyc1405 asperous1547 harshy1582 shagged1589 horrid1590 unsmooth1598 gross1606 asperate1623 brute1627 scabbed1630 sleazy1644 rasping1656 scaber1657 asper1681 shaggy1693 gruff1697 grating1766 hackly1794 ruvid1837 scrubby1856 unkind1866 raspy1882 ruckly1923 sandpapery1957 a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. xxxiii. f. xxviii/1 The wayes were soo aspre..that..they that shoed with gode and stronge shoes were cutte & broken. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 89 The passage..through rough & asper montaynys. 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Asper artery, the wind-pipe. 2. Harsh to the senses, in sound or taste. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > [adjective] > unpalatable unsweetc1440 boisterous1483 untasty1566 untoothsome1576 twice sod1601 coarse1607 irrelishable1608 asper1626 insuave1657 untoward1662 physicala1665 asperous1670 unpalatable1682 woolly1687 inelegant1708 smoked1761 impalatable1782 brassy1789 soddena1800 metallic1800 inky1805 unsweetened1817 weedy1851 tinny1873 tangy1875 raw1881 unappetizing1884 twangy1887 stavy1888 toasty1890 soapy1892 stewy1895 gloppy1976 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > making harsh or discordant sound hoarsec1369 ganglinga1398 roughlyc1400 rauk?a1425 rustyc1430 hask?1440 savagea1450 raw1474 hoar?a1505 harsh1530 untunable1545 jarring1552 jarry1582 barking1589 absonant1600 wrangling1608 raucous1615 asper1626 streperous1637 scrannel1638 caterwaulinga1652 unmelodious1665 jangling1667 latrant1702 untuneful1709 raucid1730 unharmonious1742 unmelodized1771 unmelodic1823 raucal1826 rauque1845 raspish1847 serratic1859 jangled1874 jangly1891 amelodic1937 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §173 All Base Notes, or very Treble Notes, give an Asper sound. 1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. viii. 174 The medicines..when once they begin to grow stale,..become sharp and asper. 3. Harsh to the feelings; bitter, cruel, severe. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [adjective] anguishous?c1225 wounding?c1225 asperc1374 derflya1400 rending?c1400 furiousc1405 fretting1413 piercingc1450 anguish1477 piquant1521 anguishing?1566 plaguing1566 asperous?1567 agonizing1570 tormenting1575 wringing1576 cutting1582 tormentous1583 tormentful1596 tormentuous1597 racking1598 torturous1600 lacerating1609 torturing1611 tearinga1616 heart-aching1620 breast-rending1625 crucifying1648 tormentative1654 martyring?a1656 tormentive1655 discruciating1658 cruciatory1660 anguishful1685 brain-racking1708 probing1749 agonized1793 anguished1803 harrowing1810 vulnerary1821 grinding1869 torturesome1889 wrenching1889 tortuous1922 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 798 And in hire aspre pleynte, thus she seyde. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 122/2 Thise aspre tormentes and cruell doubte. 1578 Oliver of Castille vi. (T.) What dure and aspre strokes I have seen them give. 4. Of persons: Harsh, severe, stern. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern wrothc893 retheeOE stithc897 starkOE sternOE hardOE dangerous?c1225 sharpa1340 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 unsterna1400 dour?a1425 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 hard-handed1611 Catonian1676 tetricous1727 heavy1849 acerbic1853 stiff1856 Catonic1883 tough1905 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] heavyc825 retheeOE stithc897 hardeOE starkOE sternOE dangerous?c1225 sharp?c1225 unsoftc1275 sturdy1297 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 dour?a1425 thrallc1430 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 iron1574 harsh1579 strict1600 angry1650 Catonian1676 Draconic1708 tetricous1727 alkaline1789 acerbic1853 stiff1856 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 Draconian1876 Catonic1883 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. i. 32 Þou..makest fortune wroþe and aspere by þin inpacience. 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse Pref. f. 18^v I am more aspre in my writing, than..modesty requireth. a1636 T. Westcote View Devonshire 1630 (1845) 44 His melancholie..asper nature, by which he centureth other men. 5. Hardy, warlike; mettled, fierce, savage. ΚΠ c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 23 The aspre folke of Cithe. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 7 He fought none but..the most aspre. 1503 Shepherd's Kal. (1656) xlii Naturally a man is..avaricious as a dog, and aspre as the Hart. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹n.²1587adj.c1374
随便看	not to be long for this world not to be made of sugar or salt not to be much for not to be much on not to be much to look at not to be one's bag not to be outdone not to be shit not to be sneezed at not to be spoken of not to be taken lightly not to be taking any not to be the rose but to be near it not to be worth a button not to be worth a button top not to be worth a cuss not to be worth a fart not to be worth a pease not to be worth a rap not to be worth a rush not to be worth a whoop not to bear thinking about not to bear thinking of not to bear thinking on not to bear thinking upon

aspern.1

aspern.2

† asperaspreadj.

aspern.¹

aspern.²