junioradj.n.

Brit.

/ˈdʒuːnɪə/, U.S.

/ˈdʒunjər/

Etymology: < Latin jūnior (for juvenior), comparative of juvenis young.

A. adj.

1. The younger: used after a person's name (†or title) to denote the younger of two bearing the same name in a family, esp. a son of the same name as his father; also (after a simple surname) the younger of two boys of the same surname in a school. Abbreviated jun., junr., or jr.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > junior person > [adjective]

youngOE

youngerOE

puisne1565

minor1575

puny1579

junior1623

jun.1708

mi1791

Junr.1813

tertius1870

1409 Durham Acc. Roll in Eng. Hist. Rev. XIV. 528 Per manus Johannis Falderle Junioris.]

1623 in H. Cockeram Eng. Dict.

1691 London Gaz. No. 2669/4 Lost, a Note of Mr. Tho. Symonds junior's Hand for Mr. Tho. Symonds senior,..for 50l.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia Table 19 King of Bantam, Junior, espouses the Dutch Interest.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4475/4 Tho. Crabb, Sen. and Tho. Crabb, Jun. of Malborrow..Wooll-men.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby v. 39 Snawley, junior, if you don't leave off..shaking with the cold, I'll warm you with a severe thrashing.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 259 The whole..are from the designs of James Rock, jun.

2. Of less standing or more recent appointment; of lower position, in a class, rank, profession, etc.In American colleges and schools. Belonging to the third year of the course, next below the senior or last year, or to the first or second year of a three-year course, or the first of a two-year course.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > subordinate

secondary1450

subordinatec1485

puny1579

sublunary1624

puisne1705

junior1766

1766 in B. Peirce Hist. Harvard Univ. (1833) 246 That the Senior Sophisters shall attend the Tutor A on Mondays...That the Junior Sophisters shall attend B on Mondays.

1810 Naval Chron. 24 41 His Majesty's ship Pompée (junior flag-ship).

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 309 The lord treasurer..had eight thousand a year, and..the junior lords had sixteen hundred a year each.

1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. ii. 12 From junior clerk, he worked his way up.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. ii. 56 The chief of the firm went on what is called the ‘junior partner’ principle. His clerks became in time his partners.

†a. Belonging to youth or earlier life; youthful, juvenile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > belonging to early part of life

younger1538

springing1556

youngest1570

junior1606

vernant1793

vernal1794

in bud1847

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 14 So shall his own Ambitious Courage bring For Crown a Coffin to our Iunior King.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §8 Our first studies and junior endeavours may style us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks.

1706 Wooden World Diss. (1708) 37 One that in his Junior Days was brought up in the Fear of the Lord.

b. Designating something intended for children or young people; also applied to a product, device, etc., that is smaller than the normal size.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > relating to or intended for youth

youthlyc900

youthful1561

youngthly1579

younkerly1579

youngling1582

juvenile1661

junior1860

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > small of its kind

demi1418

young1550

minikin1566

dwarf-like1582

diminutive1602

minitive?1602

diminute1611

pocket1621

Lilliputian1726

duodecimo1780

toy1821

minified1841

junior1860

toy-sized1861

Lilliput1867

toyish1871

mini1963

1860 (title) The junior atlas, for schools; fourteen maps selected from the college atlas.

1884 Chambers's Hist. Readers (title) Junior English history.

1941 Nashville Tennessean 12 Aug. 9 (advt.) Handyhot junior electric washer.

1948 (title) Oxford junior encyclopaedia.

1948 Tennessean Mag. (Nashville) 7 Nov. 23 The idea that ‘Junior is a size, not an age’, has been plugged with rather half-hearted vigor for several years..in clothes in the 9 to 17 size range.

1967 L. B. Archer in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 125 It will be an important design consideration to know whether the product is to be presented as one of a family of different products..and/or one of a family of similar products (standard, de luxe, junior, and portable models?).

1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 172 She had been in the afternoon to the chemist's to buy some Junior Aspirin.

1972 Pract. Motorist Oct. 212/1 A full-size hacksaw won't fit into the average tool box, nor will it work in tight corners. A ‘junior’ frame saw is a useful back-up, since it's small enough to travel with any tool kit.

4. Of later rise or appearance in history, of later date; more modern. Now rarely said of persons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > more recent

junior1621

puny1628

puisne1655

low1897

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. ii. ii. 456 [Hellebor] is still oppugned..by Crato and some Iunior Physitians.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. ** There is yet a Fourth Atheistick Form taken notice of..though perhaps Junior to the rest, it seeming to be but the Corruption and Degeneration of Stoicism.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 85 Archestratus the Syracusian was junior to Plato.

1901 N.E.D. at Junior Mod. The Cretan civilization was apparently junior to that of the Nile valley.

5. Leather Manufacturing. Denoting the split taken from the flesh side of a hide.

ΚΠ

1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 392 All the large hides and sides of patent and enameled leather for harness and carriages are split goods... Three splits are frequently made, the first being taken from the flesh side, and termed ‘junior’.

1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 439 A flat split or ‘junior winker’ used by harness makers, is taken.

B. n.

a. (the adjective used absol.) A person who is younger than another, or of more recent entrance or lower standing in a class, profession, etc.: see A. More generally (chiefly U.S.), a child, esp. a young boy: frequently with capital initial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > junior person > [noun]

youngestOE

youngerOE

juniora1530

young blood1557

puny1567

puisne1592

kid1690

minimus1848

baby1854

minor1864

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate

minister1442

juniora1530

subminister1558

underhead1599

subalternal?1608

mainpernor1631

sub1653

subaltern1706

under-somethinga1718

underling1796

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun] > condition of being younger > person

juniora1530

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCvi Of bysshops, doctours of the lawe & lerned men, of senyours and iunyours, of iewes and gentyles.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 45 Our Continual Creation of new Souls, by means whereof they become Juniours both to the matter of the World and of their own Bodies.

1722 London Gaz. No. 6102/4 The Juniors went first.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ix. 273 He was pointed out by the fathers of the convent to the juniors as a great example.

1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) i. ii. 9 At least in some, the juniors of the number.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cii. 453 In an American college the students are classed by years, those of the first year being called freshmen, of the second year sophomores, of the third year juniors.

1946 Sun (Baltimore) 14 Dec. Lest the joy of Christmas be marred by..Junior's nipping his pal's arm with an arrow from his archery set, [etc.].

1951 O. Nash Family Reunion 31 But you take ingenuous Junior, and it's just a radio to him.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 25/6 (advt.) Enclosed is cheque..for..adults..and..juniors.

1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 230 If junior finds out that his parents are going out, he'll scream.

b. Preceded by possessive; cf. better n.¹ 2, elder n.³, inferior n., superior n. 2.

ΚΠ

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xiv. 7 Doctours in any vniuersitie..Not one of them but he thynketh hymself to haue had a great iniurie doen vnto hym yf he go on the left hand of an other that semeth to be his iuniour or inferiour.

1676 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 55 Christ Church is now altogether becom a stranger to you, we beeing al almost your juniors.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 413 Persons of Age and Authority spoke kindly to their Juniors.

1797 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 155 I am his junior in life, I was his junior in Congress, his junior in the diplomatic line, and lately his junior in our civil government.

1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa iv. 168 His wife was not of his opinion—His junior she by thirty years.

c. Bridge. The player on the right of the declarer.

ΚΠ

1929 M. C. Work Compl. Contract Bridge Gloss.

2. A barrister who has not taken silk; a junior barrister.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > junior counsel

devil1818

junior1837

stuff gownsman1852

stuff gown1867

stuff1889

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 353 Mr. Sergeant Buzfuz..leads on the other side. That gentleman behind him, is Mr. Skimpin, his junior.

1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iii. 127 The counsel who interrogated the witness..was alone and had no ‘junior’.

1872 G. H. Lewes Let. 5 Jan. in ‘G. Eliot’ Lett. (1956) V. 234 We had..Bowen (the junior in the Tichborne case on whom Coleridge mainly relies),..and had..lots of fun.

1958 S. Hyland Who goes Hang? xlix. 260 Oliver Passmore K.C., M.P. And there was a ‘junior’ with him called Mortimer.

1972 ‘W. Haggard’ Protectors iii. 26 This barrister was..a strong Junior at the criminal bar, and he'd defended Martiny's friend.

Special uses

Special collocations.

junior college n. (in U.S.), ‘a college, operating as a separate institution or as part of a standard college, which does not offer courses more advanced than those of the sophomore year’ (D.A.E.); also, a similar institution in Britain and elsewhere.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > college > other colleges

agricultural college1778

state college1806

ladies' college1835

fem sem1842

junior college1899

ag1905

correspondence college1911

Aggie1920

seven sisters1927

juku1962

sixth-form college1965

1899 Univ. Chicago Reg. 1898–9 37/1 The Faculties of the Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science have been organized as follows; (1) The Faculty of the Junior Colleges; [etc.].

1919 F. M. McDowell (title) The Junior College.

1924 L. V. Koos (title) Administration of Secondary School Units, The Junior High School, The Junior College.

1929 Encycl. Brit. VII. 973/2 The end of the junior college period marks the completion of general education of a secondary character and the beginning of university specialization.

1949 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Apr. 8 You will not learn what are the ambitions of the students at a junior college.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XX. 258/1 Some schools extended secondary education upward by offering two years of additional work of ‘junior college’ type.

1963 Higher Educ.: Rep. Comm. under Ld. Robbins 148 in Parl. Papers 1962–3 (Cmnd. 2154) XI. 639 Other witnesses..advocated the creation of separate junior or preparatory colleges to undertake the later stages of sixth form work and the first year of university work.

1971 Eng. Stud. 52 569 The action..takes place in a classroom of a Southern Californian junior college.

junior common room n. chiefly British a common room in a college used by undergraduate students; undergraduate students collectively; abbreviated JCR.

ΚΠ

1774 J. Woodforde Diary 6 Dec. (1924) I. 142 I..went with Master into the Jun^r Common Room and canvassed that.

1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Mar. 327/1 Cases..where a particular study..was pursued throughout a whole college,—simply because a man of talents had talked of it in the junior common-room.

2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 18 Jan. The Junior Common Room and the College will consider together whether or not to rename the room.

junior high n. (also junior high school) (North American), a school intermediate between elementary school and high school.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > intermediate school

middle school1838

middle-class school1839

junior high1909

1909 Ann. Rep. Bd. Educ. (Columbus, Ohio) 168 The Board has declared itself in favour of the Junior High School System.

a1920 A. A. Douglass (title) The Junior High School.

1920 P. A. Boyer Adjustm. School 115 The underlying philosophy of the Junior High School movement rests in the attempt to meet the needs, capacities and interests of pupils of the early adolescent period.

1929 Encycl. Brit. XX. 258/1 The junior high school has also been a vehicle for innovations in teaching methods.

1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 12 Oct. 10/1 They met in the ninth grade in junior high.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 30/2 (advt.) Convenient to public, junior high and separate schools.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 33/6 (advt.) Experienced Junior High, social studies and science teacher required.

junior miss n. (originally U.S.), a young teen-aged girl; = miss n.² 4a; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > young woman > [noun]

daughterOE

maidenOE

young womanOE

mayc1175

burdc1225

maidc1275

wenchc1290

file1303

virginc1330

girla1375

damselc1380

young ladya1393

jilla1425

juvenclec1430

young person1438

domicellea1464

quean1488

trull1525

pulleta1533

Tib1533

kittyc1560

dell1567

gillian1573

nymph1584

winklota1586

frotion1587

yuffrouw1589

pigeon1592

tit1599

nannicock1600

muggle1608

gixy1611

infanta1611

dilla1627

tittiea1628

whimsy1631

ladykin1632

stammel1639

moggie1648

zitellaa1660

baggagea1668

miss1668

baby1684

burdie1718

demoiselle1720

queanie?1800

intombi1809

muchacha1811

jilt1816

titter1819

ragazza1827

gouge1828

craft1829

meisie1838

sheila1839

sixteenc1840

chica1843

femme1846

muffin1854

gel1857

quail1859

kitten1870

bud1880

fräulein1883

sub-debutante1887

sweet-and-twenty1887

flapper1888

jelly1889

queen1894

chick1899

pusher1902

bit of fluff1903

chicklet1905

twist and twirl1905

twist1906

head1913

sub-deb1916

tabby1916

mouse1917

tittie1918

chickie1919

wren1920

bim1922

nifty1923

quiff1923

wimp1923

bride1924

job1927

junior miss1927

hag1932

tab1932

sort1933

palone1934

brush1941

knitting1943

teenybopper1966

weeny-bopper1972

Valley Girl1982

1927 Vogue (U.S. ed.) 15 Jan. 106/2 Junior Misses' Frock.

1950 M. Allingham Take Two at Bedtime 17 I was still wearing the junior-miss dresses I had had at school.

1965 Harper's Bazaar May 75 Both dresses £1 19s. 11d. by Marks & Spencer Junior Miss.

junior school n. (a) in the state educational system, a school for children aged roughly between 7 and 11; a primary school; (b) the lower forms of some fee-paying schools.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school

under-school1629

primer schoola1680

proseminary1774

primary school1792

dame-schoola1817

pettya1827

ma'am-school1838

elementary school1841

primary1851

prep school1862

minding-school1864

junior school1871

tother school1881

marm school1889

preparatory1904

terakoya1909

prep1924

prepper1956

1871 Minutes of School Board for London I. 156 Public elementary day schools are conveniently classfied into infant schools, for children below seven years of age; junior schools, for children between seven and ten years of age; and senior schools, for older children.

1902 Captain 7 221/1 Workington passed out of the Junior school.

1928 Hadow Rep. & After 58 The position in a junior school which receives all its pupils at 7 plus and loses them at 11 plus will be one of some difficulty.

1931 Educ. Outlook June 196/1 It is desirable that the function of the junior school be very clearly realised,..i.e. of bridging the gap between the infants' department and the senior school.

1971 Times Educ. Suppl. 5 Feb. 41/4 (advt.) Small groups of immigrant pupils in Junior Schools, who need additional language instruction.

junior service n. the Army.

ΚΠ

1915 E. Wallace Man who bought London viii. 81 She had a son in the army, and she bore the junior service a grudge in consequence.

junior stock n. (see quot. 1914).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms

bear1709

bull1714

bearskin1719

trust stock1733

preference stock1845

preferred stock1848

trustee stock1855

short1868

privileged stock1875

future1880

junior stock1914

curb-stocks1915

long1930

junk bond1974

1914 H. Halford Dict. Stock Market Terms 50 Junior stocks, ordinary and deferred stocks ranking for dividend after debentures and preference stocks.

1932 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 2/4 The current quotations of the junior stocks remove the likelihood of an issue in that form.

junior technical school n. a school providing a technical and secondary education for boys.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > technical school

school (also college) of industry1695

working school1695

technical school1824

polytechnic1836

junior technical school1929

1929 Encycl. Brit. VII. 988/2 Its lower grades have shown a considerable increase, whether in junior technical schools, art schools or evening classes.

1931 Educ. Outlook June 183/1 Its pupils [sc. of the new senior school] are distinguished from their contemporaries in grammar schools, modern schools, and junior technical schools.

Compounds

junior-right n. Borough-English.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > [noun] > hereditary > right of youngest

Borough-English1327

borough-kind1577

borough-tenurea1670

juniority1882

junior-right1882

ultimogeniture1882

1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. viii. 185 Junior-right..has flourished not only in England..but also in some remote and disconnected regions.

1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. viii. 185 We have a choice between ‘ultimogeniture’..or one must coin a new phrase, like juniority or junior-right.

Draft additions August 2007

junior kindergarten n. North American Education (now chiefly Canadian) an introductory level of kindergarten, now usually the first of two kindergarten grades (cf. senior kindergarten n. at senior adj. and n. Additions).

ΚΠ

1901 Los Angeles Times 2 June iii. 3/3 The junior kindergarten class of the State Normal School..was entertained by Miss Hagan.

1948 Winnipeg Free Press 10 Mar. 1/1 The lack of junior kindergarten facilities in Winnipeg.

2005 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) Sept. 147 They went to a preschool at age three, junior kindergarten at age four and entered French immersion senior kindergarten (at a different school).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	junior
释义	junioradj.n. Brit. /ˈdʒuːnɪə/, U.S. /ˈdʒunjər/ Etymology: < Latin jūnior (for juvenior), comparative of juvenis young. A. adj. 1. The younger: used after a person's name (†or title) to denote the younger of two bearing the same name in a family, esp. a son of the same name as his father; also (after a simple surname) the younger of two boys of the same surname in a school. Abbreviated jun., junr., or jr. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > junior person > [adjective] youngOE youngerOE puisne1565 minor1575 puny1579 junior1623 jun.1708 mi1791 Junr.1813 tertius1870 1409 Durham Acc. Roll in Eng. Hist. Rev. XIV. 528 Per manus Johannis Falderle Junioris.] 1623 in H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. 1691 London Gaz. No. 2669/4 Lost, a Note of Mr. Tho. Symonds junior's Hand for Mr. Tho. Symonds senior,..for 50l. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia Table 19 King of Bantam, Junior, espouses the Dutch Interest. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4475/4 Tho. Crabb, Sen. and Tho. Crabb, Jun. of Malborrow..Wooll-men. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby v. 39 Snawley, junior, if you don't leave off..shaking with the cold, I'll warm you with a severe thrashing. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 259 The whole..are from the designs of James Rock, jun. 2. Of less standing or more recent appointment; of lower position, in a class, rank, profession, etc.In American colleges and schools. Belonging to the third year of the course, next below the senior or last year, or to the first or second year of a three-year course, or the first of a two-year course. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > subordinate secondary1450 subordinatec1485 puny1579 sublunary1624 puisne1705 junior1766 1766 in B. Peirce Hist. Harvard Univ. (1833) 246 That the Senior Sophisters shall attend the Tutor A on Mondays...That the Junior Sophisters shall attend B on Mondays. 1810 Naval Chron. 24 41 His Majesty's ship Pompée (junior flag-ship). 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 309 The lord treasurer..had eight thousand a year, and..the junior lords had sixteen hundred a year each. 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. ii. 12 From junior clerk, he worked his way up. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. ii. 56 The chief of the firm went on what is called the ‘junior partner’ principle. His clerks became in time his partners. 3. †a. Belonging to youth or earlier life; youthful, juvenile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > belonging to early part of life younger1538 springing1556 youngest1570 junior1606 vernant1793 vernal1794 in bud1847 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 14 So shall his own Ambitious Courage bring For Crown a Coffin to our Iunior King. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §8 Our first studies and junior endeavours may style us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks. View more context for this quotation 1706 Wooden World Diss. (1708) 37 One that in his Junior Days was brought up in the Fear of the Lord. b. Designating something intended for children or young people; also applied to a product, device, etc., that is smaller than the normal size. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > relating to or intended for youth youthlyc900 youthful1561 youngthly1579 younkerly1579 youngling1582 juvenile1661 junior1860 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > small of its kind demi1418 young1550 minikin1566 dwarf-like1582 diminutive1602 minitive?1602 diminute1611 pocket1621 Lilliputian1726 duodecimo1780 toy1821 minified1841 junior1860 toy-sized1861 Lilliput1867 toyish1871 mini1963 1860 (title) The junior atlas, for schools; fourteen maps selected from the college atlas. 1884 Chambers's Hist. Readers (title) Junior English history. 1941 Nashville Tennessean 12 Aug. 9 (advt.) Handyhot junior electric washer. 1948 (title) Oxford junior encyclopaedia. 1948 Tennessean Mag. (Nashville) 7 Nov. 23 The idea that ‘Junior is a size, not an age’, has been plugged with rather half-hearted vigor for several years..in clothes in the 9 to 17 size range. 1967 L. B. Archer in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 125 It will be an important design consideration to know whether the product is to be presented as one of a family of different products..and/or one of a family of similar products (standard, de luxe, junior, and portable models?). 1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 172 She had been in the afternoon to the chemist's to buy some Junior Aspirin. 1972 Pract. Motorist Oct. 212/1 A full-size hacksaw won't fit into the average tool box, nor will it work in tight corners. A ‘junior’ frame saw is a useful back-up, since it's small enough to travel with any tool kit. 4. Of later rise or appearance in history, of later date; more modern. Now rarely said of persons. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > more recent junior1621 puny1628 puisne1655 low1897 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. ii. ii. 456 [Hellebor] is still oppugned..by Crato and some Iunior Physitians. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. ** There is yet a Fourth Atheistick Form taken notice of..though perhaps Junior to the rest, it seeming to be but the Corruption and Degeneration of Stoicism. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 85 Archestratus the Syracusian was junior to Plato. 1901 N.E.D. at Junior Mod. The Cretan civilization was apparently junior to that of the Nile valley. 5. Leather Manufacturing. Denoting the split taken from the flesh side of a hide. ΚΠ 1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 392 All the large hides and sides of patent and enameled leather for harness and carriages are split goods... Three splits are frequently made, the first being taken from the flesh side, and termed ‘junior’. 1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 439 A flat split or ‘junior winker’ used by harness makers, is taken. B. n. 1. a. (the adjective used absol.) A person who is younger than another, or of more recent entrance or lower standing in a class, profession, etc.: see A. More generally (chiefly U.S.), a child, esp. a young boy: frequently with capital initial. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > junior person > [noun] youngestOE youngerOE youngerOE juniora1530 young blood1557 puny1567 puisne1592 kid1690 minimus1848 baby1854 minor1864 society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate minister1442 juniora1530 subminister1558 underhead1599 subalternal?1608 mainpernor1631 sub1653 subaltern1706 under-somethinga1718 underling1796 the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [noun] > condition of being younger > person juniora1530 a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCvi Of bysshops, doctours of the lawe & lerned men, of senyours and iunyours, of iewes and gentyles. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 45 Our Continual Creation of new Souls, by means whereof they become Juniours both to the matter of the World and of their own Bodies. 1722 London Gaz. No. 6102/4 The Juniors went first. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ix. 273 He was pointed out by the fathers of the convent to the juniors as a great example. 1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) i. ii. 9 At least in some, the juniors of the number. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cii. 453 In an American college the students are classed by years, those of the first year being called freshmen, of the second year sophomores, of the third year juniors. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 14 Dec. Lest the joy of Christmas be marred by..Junior's nipping his pal's arm with an arrow from his archery set, [etc.]. 1951 O. Nash Family Reunion 31 But you take ingenuous Junior, and it's just a radio to him. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 25/6 (advt.) Enclosed is cheque..for..adults..and..juniors. 1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 230 If junior finds out that his parents are going out, he'll scream. b. Preceded by possessive; cf. better n.¹ 2, elder n.³, inferior n., superior n. 2. ΚΠ 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xiv. 7 Doctours in any vniuersitie..Not one of them but he thynketh hymself to haue had a great iniurie doen vnto hym yf he go on the left hand of an other that semeth to be his iuniour or inferiour. 1676 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 55 Christ Church is now altogether becom a stranger to you, we beeing al almost your juniors. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 413 Persons of Age and Authority spoke kindly to their Juniors. 1797 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 155 I am his junior in life, I was his junior in Congress, his junior in the diplomatic line, and lately his junior in our civil government. 1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa iv. 168 His wife was not of his opinion—His junior she by thirty years. c. Bridge. The player on the right of the declarer. ΚΠ 1929 M. C. Work Compl. Contract Bridge Gloss. 2. A barrister who has not taken silk; a junior barrister. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > junior counsel devil1818 junior1837 stuff gownsman1852 stuff gown1867 stuff1889 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 353 Mr. Sergeant Buzfuz..leads on the other side. That gentleman behind him, is Mr. Skimpin, his junior. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iii. 127 The counsel who interrogated the witness..was alone and had no ‘junior’. 1872 G. H. Lewes Let. 5 Jan. in ‘G. Eliot’ Lett. (1956) V. 234 We had..Bowen (the junior in the Tichborne case on whom Coleridge mainly relies),..and had..lots of fun. 1958 S. Hyland Who goes Hang? xlix. 260 Oliver Passmore K.C., M.P. And there was a ‘junior’ with him called Mortimer. 1972 ‘W. Haggard’ Protectors iii. 26 This barrister was..a strong Junior at the criminal bar, and he'd defended Martiny's friend. Special uses Special collocations. junior college n. (in U.S.), ‘a college, operating as a separate institution or as part of a standard college, which does not offer courses more advanced than those of the sophomore year’ (D.A.E.); also, a similar institution in Britain and elsewhere. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > college or university > [noun] > college > other colleges agricultural college1778 state college1806 ladies' college1835 fem sem1842 junior college1899 ag1905 correspondence college1911 Aggie1920 seven sisters1927 juku1962 sixth-form college1965 1899 Univ. Chicago Reg. 1898–9 37/1 The Faculties of the Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science have been organized as follows; (1) The Faculty of the Junior Colleges; [etc.]. 1919 F. M. McDowell (title) The Junior College. 1924 L. V. Koos (title) Administration of Secondary School Units, The Junior High School, The Junior College. 1929 Encycl. Brit. VII. 973/2 The end of the junior college period marks the completion of general education of a secondary character and the beginning of university specialization. 1949 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Apr. 8 You will not learn what are the ambitions of the students at a junior college. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XX. 258/1 Some schools extended secondary education upward by offering two years of additional work of ‘junior college’ type. 1963 Higher Educ.: Rep. Comm. under Ld. Robbins 148 in Parl. Papers 1962–3 (Cmnd. 2154) XI. 639 Other witnesses..advocated the creation of separate junior or preparatory colleges to undertake the later stages of sixth form work and the first year of university work. 1971 Eng. Stud. 52 569 The action..takes place in a classroom of a Southern Californian junior college. junior common room n. chiefly British a common room in a college used by undergraduate students; undergraduate students collectively; abbreviated JCR. ΚΠ 1774 J. Woodforde Diary 6 Dec. (1924) I. 142 I..went with Master into the Jun^r Common Room and canvassed that. 1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Mar. 327/1 Cases..where a particular study..was pursued throughout a whole college,—simply because a man of talents had talked of it in the junior common-room. 2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 18 Jan. The Junior Common Room and the College will consider together whether or not to rename the room. junior high n. (also junior high school) (North American), a school intermediate between elementary school and high school. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > intermediate school middle school1838 middle-class school1839 junior high1909 1909 Ann. Rep. Bd. Educ. (Columbus, Ohio) 168 The Board has declared itself in favour of the Junior High School System. a1920 A. A. Douglass (title) The Junior High School. 1920 P. A. Boyer Adjustm. School 115 The underlying philosophy of the Junior High School movement rests in the attempt to meet the needs, capacities and interests of pupils of the early adolescent period. 1929 Encycl. Brit. XX. 258/1 The junior high school has also been a vehicle for innovations in teaching methods. 1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 12 Oct. 10/1 They met in the ninth grade in junior high. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 30/2 (advt.) Convenient to public, junior high and separate schools. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 33/6 (advt.) Experienced Junior High, social studies and science teacher required. junior miss n. (originally U.S.), a young teen-aged girl; = miss n.² 4a; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > young woman > [noun] daughterOE maidenOE young womanOE mayc1175 burdc1225 maidc1275 wenchc1290 file1303 virginc1330 girla1375 damselc1380 young ladya1393 jilla1425 juvenclec1430 young person1438 domicellea1464 quean1488 trull1525 pulleta1533 Tib1533 kittyc1560 dell1567 gillian1573 nymph1584 winklota1586 frotion1587 yuffrouw1589 pigeon1592 tit1599 nannicock1600 muggle1608 gixy1611 infanta1611 dilla1627 tittiea1628 whimsy1631 ladykin1632 stammel1639 moggie1648 zitellaa1660 baggagea1668 miss1668 baby1684 burdie1718 demoiselle1720 queanie?1800 intombi1809 muchacha1811 jilt1816 titter1819 ragazza1827 gouge1828 craft1829 meisie1838 sheila1839 sixteenc1840 chica1843 femme1846 muffin1854 gel1857 quail1859 kitten1870 bud1880 fräulein1883 sub-debutante1887 sweet-and-twenty1887 flapper1888 jelly1889 queen1894 chick1899 pusher1902 bit of fluff1903 chicklet1905 twist and twirl1905 twist1906 head1913 sub-deb1916 tabby1916 mouse1917 tittie1918 chickie1919 wren1920 bim1922 nifty1923 quiff1923 wimp1923 bride1924 job1927 junior miss1927 hag1932 tab1932 sort1933 palone1934 brush1941 knitting1943 teenybopper1966 weeny-bopper1972 Valley Girl1982 1927 Vogue (U.S. ed.) 15 Jan. 106/2 Junior Misses' Frock. 1950 M. Allingham Take Two at Bedtime 17 I was still wearing the junior-miss dresses I had had at school. 1965 Harper's Bazaar May 75 Both dresses £1 19s. 11d. by Marks & Spencer Junior Miss. junior school n. (a) in the state educational system, a school for children aged roughly between 7 and 11; a primary school; (b) the lower forms of some fee-paying schools. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > primary school under-school1629 primer schoola1680 proseminary1774 primary school1792 dame-schoola1817 pettya1827 ma'am-school1838 elementary school1841 primary1851 prep school1862 minding-school1864 junior school1871 tother school1881 marm school1889 preparatory1904 terakoya1909 prep1924 prepper1956 1871 Minutes of School Board for London I. 156 Public elementary day schools are conveniently classfied into infant schools, for children below seven years of age; junior schools, for children between seven and ten years of age; and senior schools, for older children. 1902 Captain 7 221/1 Workington passed out of the Junior school. 1928 Hadow Rep. & After 58 The position in a junior school which receives all its pupils at 7 plus and loses them at 11 plus will be one of some difficulty. 1931 Educ. Outlook June 196/1 It is desirable that the function of the junior school be very clearly realised,..i.e. of bridging the gap between the infants' department and the senior school. 1971 Times Educ. Suppl. 5 Feb. 41/4 (advt.) Small groups of immigrant pupils in Junior Schools, who need additional language instruction. junior service n. the Army. ΚΠ 1915 E. Wallace Man who bought London viii. 81 She had a son in the army, and she bore the junior service a grudge in consequence. junior stock n. (see quot. 1914). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms bear1709 bull1714 bearskin1719 trust stock1733 preference stock1845 preferred stock1848 trustee stock1855 short1868 privileged stock1875 future1880 junior stock1914 curb-stocks1915 long1930 junk bond1974 1914 H. Halford Dict. Stock Market Terms 50 Junior stocks, ordinary and deferred stocks ranking for dividend after debentures and preference stocks. 1932 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 2/4 The current quotations of the junior stocks remove the likelihood of an issue in that form. junior technical school n. a school providing a technical and secondary education for boys. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > technical school school (also college) of industry1695 working school1695 technical school1824 polytechnic1836 junior technical school1929 1929 Encycl. Brit. VII. 988/2 Its lower grades have shown a considerable increase, whether in junior technical schools, art schools or evening classes. 1931 Educ. Outlook June 183/1 Its pupils [sc. of the new senior school] are distinguished from their contemporaries in grammar schools, modern schools, and junior technical schools. Compounds junior-right n. Borough-English. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > [noun] > hereditary > right of youngest Borough-English1327 borough-kind1577 borough-tenurea1670 juniority1882 junior-right1882 ultimogeniture1882 1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. viii. 185 Junior-right..has flourished not only in England..but also in some remote and disconnected regions. 1882 C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. viii. 185 We have a choice between ‘ultimogeniture’..or one must coin a new phrase, like juniority or junior-right. Draft additions August 2007 junior kindergarten n. North American Education (now chiefly Canadian) an introductory level of kindergarten, now usually the first of two kindergarten grades (cf. senior kindergarten n. at senior adj. and n. Additions). ΚΠ 1901 Los Angeles Times 2 June iii. 3/3 The junior kindergarten class of the State Normal School..was entertained by Miss Hagan. 1948 Winnipeg Free Press 10 Mar. 1/1 The lack of junior kindergarten facilities in Winnipeg. 2005 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) Sept. 147 They went to a preschool at age three, junior kindergarten at age four and entered French immersion senior kindergarten (at a different school). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1530
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