单词 | kemp |
释义 | kempn.1 Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. A big, strong, and brave warrior or athlete; a professional fighter, wrestler, etc.; a champion. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > [noun] > prizefighter or professional fighter kempa700 cockera1275 prizera1616 prizefighter1682 kempery-mana1765 kempy1821 kemper1891 a700 Epinal Gloss. 481 Gladiatores, caempan [Erfurt cempan]. 995 Death of Byrhtnoth 119 Him æt fotum feoll fæge cempa. a1175 Cott. Hom. 243 Gif we ofercumed heom we scule bien imersed alle gode cempen. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 146 Inþe fecht to ȝeines ham. habiȝeoteð þe blisfule kempene crune. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1036 He was for a kempe told. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3352 Oþer kud kempes. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. viii They rasshed to gyders lyke two myghty kempys. 1527 Accts. Ld. High Treasurer Scotl. in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. *271 Item, to John Drummond, callit the kingis kemp..xv li. 1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 33 Albeit thir twa ȝoure kempis dar not for schame ansuer in this mater. 1818 R. Jamieson in E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (ed. 5) I. Introd. p. lxii Hammer Donald..(like Viga Glum and other celebrated Kemps and homicides of the North). 1832 W. Motherwell Poems (1847) 7 In starkest fight where kemp to kemp, Reel headlong to the grave. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Kemp, an impetuous youth. 2. = kemper n. a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > contest at reaping > competitor kemp1573 kempera1598 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlii. 276 All the corne of the Countrie Be kempis hes not bene schorne, we see. 3. Scottish. A seed-stalk of the ribwort ( Plantago lanceolata), used in a children's game: see quot. 1825. [So Norwegian kjæmpe, Swedish kämpa.] Cf. cock n.1 6. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] > parts of bent1612 cock's head1787 benting1802 kemp1825 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) Two children, or young people, pull each a dozen of stalks of rib-grass; and try who, with his kemp, can decapitate the greatest number of those belonging to his opponent. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 170 It is customary with children to challenge each other to try the ‘kemps’. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words They are called by children kemps or ‘soldiers’, and are used to kemp or fight with. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). kempn.2 A coarse or stout hair, as those of the eyebrows (obsolete); now, hair of this kind occurring among wool. Also in compounds: kemp-hair n. kemp-haired adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [noun] > coarse or bristling bristlea1300 kempc1386 wire hair1817 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > wool > [noun] > coarse hair in kempa1642 c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1276 Lik a grifphon looked he aboute, With kempe [v.r. keempe] heeris on hise browes stoute. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eiii/2 Kemp haire, grandebala. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 11 To cutte of all the shaggie hairy wolle... This the shepheards call forcinge of them, and cutting of kempehaires. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 12 Sheepe which..are thinne skinn'd..or kempe hair'd. 1805 J. Luccock Nature & Prop. Wool 170 Its staple was perfectly free from kemps and wild hair, so common upon the backs of northern sheep. 1849 Rowlandson in Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 10 ii. 436 The fineness of the Ryeland fleece and freedom from kemps. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † kempn.3 Obsolete. rare. ? A barrel or cask. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > barrel or cask > [noun] barrelc1300 kovec1320 rubbour1362 bossc1375 rundlet1380 cade1387 kemp1391 cuve14.. keup1480 tonnel1483 colle?a1500 fostella1510 cap1519 firkett1523 cask1557 butt1572 botozio1622 rindell1640 drum1871 1391 Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 77/22 Pro ij kempes de rubiis allecibus. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 270/2 Kempe of herynge, or spyrlynge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † kempn.4 Obsolete. rare. A kind of eel. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > unspecified types pimpernol1251 shaft-eel1411 kempc1440 snig1483 stub eel15.. fausen1547 shafflin1553 muraena1555 scaffling1589 grig1611 long-fish1611 stone-grig1666 sea-serpent1752 bed-eel1769 sniggle1863 slipper1866 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 270/2 Kempe eel [no Latin]. ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Bijv Fed..with crudde Or slymy kempes, yll smellyng of the mudde. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Kempe or small eale, anguilula. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 243 Kemp also means a sort of eel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). kempn.5 Scottish. A contest, esp. of reapers when kemping. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > contest at reaping kemping1793 kemp1794 1794 Har'st Rig lxxii. 24 The Master..cries wi' haste, ‘come, lads, forbear, This kemp let be.’ 1844 M. A. Richardson Local Historian's Table Bk. Legendary Div. II. 372 The stormy Kemp, or emulous struggle for the honour of the ridge-end. 1870 J. K. Hunter Life Stud. Char. Pref. (E.D.D.) What ever lesson we began to, we gaed at it just like a kemp on the hairst rig. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Kempn.6 Used in the genitive to designate the smallest of the sea turtles, Lepidochelys kempii, which is found chiefly in the West Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico but is now critically endangered. Now chiefly as Kemp's ridley, Kemp's ridley turtle. Also called Atlantic ridley.Formerly thought to be a hybrid of the loggerhead ( Caretta caretta) with another species, hence the earlier name of bastard turtle. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] angel1880 Kemp1880 1880 S. W. Garman in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 6 i. 124 The habitat suggests the name Colpochelys... This will give to this species the name Colpochelys Kempii, Kemp's Gulf Turtle. 1907 R. L. Ditmars Reptile Bk. i. ii. 8 (heading) Kemp's Loggerhead Turtle. Thalassochelys kempii, (Garman). 1933 Copeia No. 1. 12 Caretta kempii (Garman), Kemp's bastard-turtle.—Is often confused with the preceding species [sc. the Atlantic loggerhead]. 1971 Biol. Conservation 4 78 The leather trade..has virtually wiped out the highly-endangered Kemp's Ridley, which is found only in the Gulf of Mexico. 1992 Sci. Amer. Jan. 102/1 Kemp's ridley turtles remain in Atlantic waters, and flatbacks inhabit the South Pacific, near Australia. 2008 Nature of Scotl. Summer 43/2 Only 35 Kemp's Ridleys have ever been found on British shores, with just two of them appearing in Scotland. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). kempv. Scottish and northern dialect. intransitive. a. To fight or contend in battle with another. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > offer challenge of single combat or duel > engage in single combat or duel to deraign battlec1380 kemp?a1400 to measure swords (also one's sword) (with)a1616 duellize1624 duel1647 to come to points1762 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2634 There is no kynge undire Criste may kempe with hym one! 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words They are called by children kemps..and are used to kemp or fight with. b. To contend or strive in doing a piece of work; said esp. of a set of reapers striving to finish their ‘rig’ first. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > strive or struggle > strive to make one's way against natural force strivea1300 kemp1513 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest [verb (intransitive)] > reap or mow reapeOE mowlOE sheara1325 kemp1513 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. x. 20 We..kempand with airis in all our mane, Wp welteris watter of the salt se flude. 1794 Har'st Rig lxii. 22 This sets the lave a-working fast; They kemp at length. 1817 Lintoun Green in R. Brown Comic Poems 95 [She] could..kemp wi' Kate, or Wull, On harvest day. a1881 T. Carlyle in J. W. Carlyle Lett. & Mem. (1883) II. 192 His reapers had taken to ‘kemp’ and spoiled him much stuff. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1a700n.2c1386n.31391n.4c1440n.51794n.61880v.?a1400 |
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