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单词 jump-
释义

jump-comb. form

Stress is determined by a range of factors though some degree of stress is usually maintained on this combining form.
the verb-stem used in combinations:
jump ball n.
Brit. /ˌdʒʌmp ˈbɔːl/
,
U.S. /ˌdʒəmp ˈbɔl/
,
/ˌdʒəmp ˈbɑl/
Basketball a ball thrown between two opposing players by the referee.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > types of shot or ball
free throw1888
foul shot1902
jump shot1909
jump ball1924
pop shot1933
jumper1937
set shot1940
lay-up1948
fallaway1949
bonus1955
hook-shot1957
sky-hook1959
buzzer beater1965
brick1971
spot-up1992
1924 W. E. Meanwell Sci. of Basket Ball 62 During scrimmage watch the tip-off formations and also those for jump ball and from out of bounds.
1939 L. W. Jourdet & K. A. Hashagen Mod. Basketball xi. 63 Cover your man well on all jump balls. If you are jumping someone else's man, make sure he covers yours.
1969 Eugene (Oregon) Register-Guard 3 Dec. 3D/1 The game had started on a technical foul when the Beavers were awarded a free throw instead of the usual jump ball.
jump-cord n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpkɔːd/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌkɔrd/
a cord to be jumped over.
jump-coupling n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpˌkʌplɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌkəplɪŋ/
a coupling of which the box consists of a collar of metal bored to fit the two connected ends of the shafts = thimble-coupling at thimble n. 5a.
jump cut n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp kʌt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌkət/
Cinematography and Television (see quot. 1953); also transferred, attributive and as v. transitive and intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > devices
fade-out1918
lap-dissolve1927
wipe1933
jump cut1953
optical1953
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > produce television broadcast [verb (intransitive)] > devices
wipe1951
jump cut1953
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special effect > [noun] > cut
cutting1921
quick cut1932
cut1933
cutaway1951
jump cut1953
match cut1961
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special effect > special effects [verb (intransitive)] > cut
to cut back1913
jump cut1953
1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing 280 Jump cut, cut which breaks continuity of time by jumping forward from one part of an action to another obviously separated from the first by an interval of time.
1962 Listener 9 Aug. 223/1 The eye-jerking, ear-jarring jump cuts which result when the commercials are removed from imported American programmes.
1962 Punch 19 Sept. 428/1 Harsh jump-cuts that might almost be breaks in the film.
1964 Observer 12 July 25/5 A jump-cut speeded-up sequence mostly shot from a helicopter.
1965 Time 18 June 80 He recklessly jump-cuts from scene to scene, using gimmicky transitions.
1966 Punch 6 July 26/2 The restless, jump-cutting style is sometimes disconcerting—one takes a second or two to realise that an expected bridging passage has been waived.
1968 P. Dickinson Skin Deep vii. 130 The soft lines of the black visage jump-cut into wary maturity.
1972 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 649/4 A series of frenzied incidents..a matter of jump-cuts and unfinished sentences suggestive of a painful collaboration between Ken Kesey and Ford Madox Ford.
1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 June 629/4 The reader adjusts soon enough to the breakneck jump-cuts of the first few pages.
1975 New Yorker 20 Jan. 79/1 Once Trintignant takes over as the filmmaker, the movie loses its playful movie-within-a-movie spirit, and the technique, which had been a sprinting, jump-cutting shorthand that didn't take itself too seriously, turns glassy smooth.
jump jet n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp dʒɛt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌdʒɛt/
a vertical take-off/landing jet aircraft.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > with jet engine(s) > types of
superjet1945
twin-jet1946
fan-jet1963
jumbo jet1964
jump jet1964
jumbo1966
super-jumbo1968
tri-jet1968
stretch plane1971
stretch1973
wide-body1979
1964 Sunday Times 12 Jan. 1/4 The Ministry of Defence delays ordering the revolutionary Hawker P. 1154 ‘jump jet’ fighter.
1970 New Scientist 19 Feb. 362/1 The trials that the RAF and RN are now conducting on the employment at sea of the Harrier ‘jump-jet’.
1973 Guardian 18 Apr. 24/5 A command cruiser designed to carry jump-jet aircraft.
jump jockey n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp ˌdʒɒki/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌdʒɑki/
Horse Racing a jockey who rides in steeplechases.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > people involved in horse racing > [noun] > rider > types of
feather1760
lightweight1773
welter1804
steeple hunter1830
a bad waster1833
steeplechaser1837
heavyweight1857
stoner1862
roper1870
point-to-pointer1929
jumping jockey1947
jump jockey1970
1970 J. Leach Rider on Stand ix. 89 Jump jockeys are a devil-may-care bunch. They accept the hazards of their profession in a happy-go-lucky manner.
1972 Times 29 Nov. 1/1 Michael Eddery, the jump jockey,..had his right leg amputated.
1973 Scotsman 7 Aug. 15/6 Barry Brogan's dispute with the Jockey Club over renewal of his jump jockey's licence ended amicably.
jump-joint n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpdʒɔɪnt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌdʒɔɪnt/
(a) a joint in which the parts are welded end to end together, a butt-joint (see butt n.5 Compounds); (b) a flush-joint in which the edges of the plates or planking are laid close together and make a smooth surface.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > joint made by > types of
rust joint1839
butt weld1850
jump-weld1864
jump-joint1874
tee-joint1888
spot weld1908
tack weld1919
seam weld1920
fillet weld1929
fusion weld1930
braze1934
projection weld1938
flash weld1959
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 95 Among these early systems [of combining the bottom plates] was that of flush or jump joints and butts connected by edge strips and butt straps on the inside surface.
jump-jointed adj.
Brit. /ˌdʒʌmpˈdʒɔɪntᵻd/
,
U.S. /ˌdʒəmpˈdʒɔɪn(t)ᵻd/
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [adjective] > joined in specific way (of plates)
jump-jointed1867
butt-strapped1869
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Jump-jointed, when the plates of an iron vessel are flush, as in those that are carvel-built.
jump-lead n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpliːd/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌlid/
each of a pair of leads for conveying electric charge from one car battery to another during a jump start.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > jump start > lead used in
jump-lead1969
1969 Motor 15 Nov. 85 (caption) KL Automotive products Ltd. have introduced two new battery booster cables (jump leads in garage jargon).
1976 Drive Nov. 40/2 Battery jump-leads... Hitch up your car to theirs with these thick, high-current-carrying leads.
1980 Know about your Car (A.A.) 284/1 On an automatic car with a flat battery use jump leads.
jump raise n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp reɪz/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌreɪz/
= jump-shift n.
Π
1932 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 15/5 The term [pre-emptive] is equally applicable to opening bids of Two or more, to Jump Raises, and to Jump Take-outs.
jump-ring n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmprɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌrɪŋ/
a wire ring made by bringing the two ends together without welding.
jump-rocks n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmprɒks/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌrɑks/
a catostomoid fish, Moxostoma cervinum, of southern U.S.
jump-rope n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmprəʊp/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌroʊp/
chiefly North American a skipping rope.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > skipping rope
rope1794
skipping rope1802
jump-rope1834
1805 G. McIndoe Poems & Songs 40 At three year auld he crys for whips,..And guns, and girrs, and jumpin'-rapes.]
1834 R. W. Emerson Jrnl. (1964) IV. 359 Thus is one reminded of the children's prayers who in confessing their sins, say, ‘Yes, I did take the jumprope from Mary.’
1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. x. 147 Mr. Bhaer down on his hands and knees..Kitty leading him with a jump-rope.
1969 R. D. Abrahams (title) Jump-rope rhymes.
1973 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 8 Apr. 8/1 Spring brings activity—jacks and jump ropes pop up with the flowers.
jump-seat n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpsiːt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌsit/
(a) a movable carriage-seat; also adj.n. (ellipt.) (a carriage) provided with such a seat which can be brought into use when required; (b) a folding seat in a motor car; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > extra folding seat
rumble seat1819
jump-seat1864
dicky1900
rumble1908
mother-in-law seat1961
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > with movable seat
jump-seat1864
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > seat > movable
jump-seat1864
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Jump-seat, a carriage constructed with a movable seat;..a movable carriage-seat.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Jump-seat, a., having a movable seat; as, a jump-seat rock-away.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Jump-seat,..a kind of open buggy which has a shifting seat or seats... It may be arranged as a double or single seat vehicle.
1931 Automotive Abstr. Aug. 238/2 Treatment of the jump-seat explains unique problems presented by this accessory.
1963 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 24 Nov. (1970) 8 We all got into the same limousine—Mrs. Kennedy and Lyndon in the back seat, the Attorney General and I in the jump seats.
1972 Guardian 18 Sept. 14/1 I was sitting in the jump seat... We were racing through the city.
1973 Black Panther 6 Oct. 10/1 Only the jump seat for stewardesses was behind him.
jump-shift n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpʃɪft/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌʃɪft/
a bid of one more than is necessary in a different suit.
Π
1929 M. C. Work Compl. Contract Bridge 112 A jump-shift;..an unnecessarily high bid in another suit.
jump shot n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp ʃɒt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌʃɑt/
(a) Billiards etc., a shot which causes the ball to jump; (b) Basketball (see quot. 1961).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > types of shot or ball
free throw1888
foul shot1902
jump shot1909
jump ball1924
pop shot1933
jumper1937
set shot1940
lay-up1948
fallaway1949
bonus1955
hook-shot1957
sky-hook1959
buzzer beater1965
brick1971
spot-up1992
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > types of stroke
following stroke1837
rush1868
stop-stroke1868
cut1874
cut-over1874
jump-stroke1874
take-off1874
tice1874
passing croquet1877
split1896
split stroke1897
passing stroke1901
jump shot1909
Hong Kong1957
split shot1975
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > actions or types of play > type of stroke
hazard1674
carambole1775
carom1779
cannon1802
screw1825
sidestroke1834
following stroke1837
cannonade1844
five-stroke1847
follow1850
scratch1850
fluke1857
jenny1857
bank shot1859
angle shot1860
draw shot1860
six-stroke1861
run-through1862
spot1868
quill1869
dead-stroke1873
loser1873
push1873
push stroke1873
stab1873
stab screw1873
draw1881
force1881
plant1884
anchor cannon1893
massé1901
angle1902
cradle-cannon1907
pot1907
jump shot1909
carry-along1913
snooker1924
1909 P. A. Vaile Mod. Golf 92 This shot has its exact counterpart on the billiard table in the useful jump-shot.
1961 J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 250 Jump shot (basketball), a shot taken with both feet off the floor. It can be made with one or two hands with the one-handed shot in general use in the National Basketball Association.
1966 D. Miller & R. Thorp Croquet 174 Jump shot, a shot in which the ball is struck so that it leaves the ground.
1969 New Yorker 14 June 79/1 You go through Harlem and you'll see kids less than five feet tall with pretty good jump shots and hook shots.
1974 Anderson (S. Carolina) Independent 20 Apr. 8A/1 New York's Julius Erving, known as Dr. J., drilled the 20-foot jump shot that gave the Nets their 3–0 margin in the series with an 89–87 victory at Louisville on Wednesday.
jump spark n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp spɑːk/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌspɑrk/
a spark produced by the application of a potential difference to two electrical conductors separated by a narrow gap; usually attributive, designating devices or methods employing this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [adjective] > relating to sparks
spark-gap1889
jump spark1908
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [noun] > point of discharge > discontinuous discharge
electric spark1745
spark1749
electric(al) spark1771
brush1789
brush discharge1849
jump spark1908
1908 J. H. Adams in Onker & Baker Harper's How to understand Electr. Work 340/2 Jump-spark, a disruptive spark excited between two conducting surfaces in distinction from a spark excited by a rubbing contact.
1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 20 Apr. 8/1 A regal Marine Engine... Jump spark or make-and-break ignition.
1922 A. F. Collins Bk. Wireless Telegr. & Telephone i. 6 The spark-coil, or induction coil,..is used to change the battery current into a current of high pressure to make jump sparks.
1938 A. W. Judge Automobile Electr. Maintenance ii. 27 A brass plate at the end of the arm..passes very close to the brass contacts..as it rotates, so that a spark leaps across the small air gap. This is known as the jump spark method.
1963 A. Bird & F. Hutton-Stott Veteran Motor Car Pocketbk. 8Jump-spark’ ignition in American usage generally, though not always, referred to high tension coil and battery apparatus with a mechanical contact-breaker and non-trembling coil, but in English usage, at one time, ‘jump-spark ignition’ meant any form of H.T. ignition with spark-gaps or ‘intensifiers’ included in the circuit.
jump-start v.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpstɑːt/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌstɑrt/
(transitive) to start (a vehicle) using the charge from another vehicle's battery, by means of jump-leads; hence also as n., the starting of a vehicle in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > jump start
jump-start1976
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > charge [verb (transitive)] > jump-start
jump-start1976
1973 Motor 10 Nov. 22/3 (heading) Jump-a-start.]
1976 J. Webster Automotive Fund. for Consumer viii. 176 To jump-start a car, another car with a good battery and a set of jumper cables is needed.
1977 Washington Post 9 Nov. b8/2 Another car, also with its hood up and facing the stalled car, was trying to give it a jump start.
1985 New Yorker 21 Oct. 38/2 I jump-start her car when her battery is dead, she gives me basil from her garden.
jump-stroke n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpstrəʊk/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌstroʊk/
Croquet see quot.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > types of stroke
following stroke1837
rush1868
stop-stroke1868
cut1874
cut-over1874
jump-stroke1874
take-off1874
tice1874
passing croquet1877
split1896
split stroke1897
passing stroke1901
jump shot1909
Hong Kong1957
split shot1975
1874 J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player 41 The leapfrog or jump stroke has lately been used..with great success, for getting through narrow hoops at a very oblique angle... The effect of this stroke is to make the ball jump up when it strikes the further wire of the hoop.
jump take-off n.
Brit. /ˌdʒʌmp ˈteɪkɒf/
,
U.S. /ˌdʒəmp ˈteɪkˌɔf/
,
/ˌdʒəmp ˈteɪkˌɑf/
Aeronautics a vertical take-off.
ΚΠ
1939 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 43 62 A sustaining rotor for a gyroplane of the ‘jump take-off’ type.
jump take-out n.
Brit. /ˌdʒʌmp ˈteɪkaʊt/
,
U.S. /ˌdʒəmp ˈteɪkˌaʊt/
= jump-shift n.
Π
1932 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 15/5 The term [pre-emptive] is equally applicable to opening bids of Two or more, to Jump Raises, and to Jump Take-outs.
jump turn n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp təːn/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌtərn/
a turn made while jumping; spec. in Skiing.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > step > other steps
reprise1521
double1531
reprinse1531
single1531
hop1579
cross-pointa1592
trip1601
back-tricka1616
inturna1627
shorta1652
coupee1673
cut1676
fleuret1677
bourrée step or pas de bourrée1706
contretemps1706
cross-step1728
boring1775
pigeon wing1807
pas de basque1818
cross-cut1842
flicflac1852
buckle-covering1859
reverse1888
reversing1892
cross-stepping1893
box step1914
jump turn1924
moonwalk1969
coupé-
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skiing > [noun] > actions of skier > types of turn
telemark1901
snow-ploughing1904
stemming1904
Christiania1905
snow-plough1905
kick-turn1910
christie1920
stem-Christiania1922
stem turn1922
jump turn1924
stem-Christie1936
wedeln1957
wedeling1977
parallel1985
1924 Tourist Winter Sports No. 12/1 Jump turn, a method of changing direction or stopping.
1949 G. Shurr & R. D. Yocom Mod. Dance v. 147 Add a jump in place after each landing, before executing jump-turn movement in air.
1972 ‘M. Yorke’ Silent Witness ii. 13 He did a quick jump turn and took the narrow track, running fast along the twisting piste.
jump-weld n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmpwɛld/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmpˌwɛld/
a weld effected by hammering together the heated ends of two pieces of metal; a butt-weld.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > joint made by > types of
rust joint1839
butt weld1850
jump-weld1864
jump-joint1874
tee-joint1888
spot weld1908
tack weld1919
seam weld1920
fillet weld1929
fusion weld1930
braze1934
projection weld1938
flash weld1959
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Weld Butt-weld, or jump-weld.
jump-weld v.
Brit. /ˌdʒʌmpˈwɛld/
,
U.S. /ˌdʒəmpˈwɛld/

Draft additions September 2018

jump scare n.
Brit. /ˈdʒʌmp skɛː/
,
U.S. /ˈdʒəmp ˌskɛ(ə)r/
(esp. in a film or computer game) a sudden or unexpected event, typically involving or accompanied by a loud, jarring sound, intended to startle an audience.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [noun] > cause of surprise > intended to startle an audience
jump scare1986
1986 Cinefantastique Oct. 21/4 Jason Lives. Friday the 13th Part VI... A series of jump scares, laughs, and other surprises keep the audience off guard for Jason's appearances on screen.
1990 J. Blocker in Motion Picture Guide Ann. 44/2 A disappointing go-for-the-throat style—with a pounding Jerry Goldsmith score..and cheap ‘jump’ scares.
2011 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 1 Feb. (Gaming section) It is less a video game than mainlined anxiety, its jump-scares timed with sadistic precision.
2015 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 June (Arts & Leisure section) 22/1 ‘Hannibal’ eschews the lazy ‘jump scare’ violins that so many horror movies and TV shows employ as a matter of course.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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