Judaismn.

Brit.

/ˈdʒuːdeɪɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈdʒudeɪˌɪzəm/,

/ˈdʒudəˌɪzəm/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s Iudaisme, 1500s–1600s Iudaysme, 1500s–1600s (1800s historical) Judaisme, 1500s–1700s Iudaism, 1500s– Judaism, 1600s Jewdaism. Also with lower-case initial.The capital forms of the letters J and I were not normally distinguished until the 17th cent. (compare discussion at J n.). Distinctions between J and I in editions of earlier texts usually simply reflect editorial conventions adopted by modern editors.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Iudaismus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Iudaismus Jewish religion, Jewish rites (Vetus Latina, Vulgate; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), Jewish quarter (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), Jewish community (13th cent. in British sources), Exchequer of the Jews (13th cent. in British sources, after scaccarium Judaismi in the same sense: compare sense 3), indebtedness to a Jew (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), act of Judaizing (1530 in the passage translated in quot. 1543 at sense 1) < Hellenistic Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός Jewish religion (Septuagint (2 Maccabees 2:21), New Testament (Galatians 1:13)) < Ἰουδαῖος (see Judaean adj.) + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French judaisme, French judaïsme (c1150; apparently unattested between the mid 13th and mid 16th centuries), Spanish judaísmo (mid 13th cent.), Italian giudaismo (a1342), all in sense ‘religion of the Jewish people’.In form Jewdaism showing alteration after Jew n.

1. The religion or culture of the Jewish people, based on belief in one God and on the teachings and laws of the Torah and the Talmud (see Talmud n., Torah n.); the profession, practice, or doctrines of this religion; the fact or state of being or identifying oneself as Jewish. Cf. Jew n. 1a, Jewish adj. 1.Followers of Judaism trace its origin to the covenant established between God and the ancient Hebrew people of Israel. Jewish worship was originally centrally organized but the destruction of the First Temple in 586 b.c.e. led to a wide dispersion or diaspora of Jewish people around the world (see diaspora n. 1). Rituals of Judaism centre on the home and the synagogue, and its chief day of worship is the Shabbat or Sabbath (from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday), with major annual holidays including Yom Kippur and Passover.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun]

churcheOE

Jewryc1384

Jewheada1400

Judaisma1425

Jewship1535

Jewishness1537

Jewism1579

Israelitism1627

Jewhood1847

Jewdom1850

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Gal. i. 13 (MED) For ȝee hafe herde my conuersacyoun sum tyme in Iudaisme [L. in iudaismo].

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxiiii He anon renouncyd his Iudaisme or Moysen Lawe, And was cristenyd, and lyued after as a Cristen Man.

1543 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Rekening & Declar. Faith vii. sig. cc^v If we shuld any otherwyse thinke and beleue of the sacramentis..then were there now comen agene emonge vs the very Judaisme [L. Iudaismus] & ryte of religion of the Iewes.

a1591 H. Smith Gods Arrowe (1593) f. 1^v Mahomets Religion is a patched religion, mixt partly with Judaism, partly with Gentilism.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. ii. 21 Those that behaued themselues manfully to their honour for Iudaisme .

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 150 They being baptised, revolted to their former Iudaisme.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles xxii. 244 It was a Remnant both of Judaism and Gentilism, that the Souls of the Martyrs hovered about their Tombs.

1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 232 He suffer'd himself to be brib'd by a Sum of Money, to perswade a converted Jew to return to his Judaism.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 320 This parliament took into consideration..the taking away of tithes, which they called a relict of Judaism.

1849 R. Vaughan Age & Christianity vi. 283 This system became as priestly and as ritual-bound as Judaism had ever been.

1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 93 Judaism and Christianity had given currency to the doctrines of one God.

1909 Missionary Rev. of World Dec. 891/1 Can Christianity give the Jew anything that is better than that which his Judaism furnishes?

1968 L. Rosten Joys of Yiddish 141 The idea of respect for others and the values of a pluralistic society form an old, integral part of Judaism and Jewish tradition.

2004 S. S. Baldwin Tiger Claw xvii. 236 My mother converted to Judaism, but she has never felt it in every bone as my father did.

2. The adoption or retention of Jewish religious practices on the part of Christians; the action or fact of Judaizing. Now more usually as a count noun: a practice, belief, etc., associated with Jews.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > following of

Judaism1578

Judaizing1582

1578 W. W. tr. J. Rivius Notable Disc. Happinesse our Age i. sig. G.ij^v More matter concerning the abuse of ceremonies..of Pharasaisme in the Frieries and Monasteries,..of Iudaisme [L. de Iudaismo] in Ecclesiasticall rites, [etc.].

1609 H. Broughton Def. Concent of Script. sig. B3 D[octor] Bancroft..allowed Maister Livelies Iudaismes in more high extremitie, then Aben Ezra would wishe.

1625 ‘I. Rodoginus’ Differences Easterne & Westerne Churches 27 They shaue their beards, and all the haires of their body, holding this in a manner for expiation, which is meere Iudaisme.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 54 As if the touch of a lay Christian..could profane dead judaisms.

1708 J. Earle et al. Pract. Disc. Singing in Worship of God ii. 41 Those Psalms, that look as if they were either personal, or wrapt up in Judaisms.

a1831 A. Knox Remains (1844) I. 97 What I have already called the Judaism of his distinct party.

1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. i. 25 His [sc. Paulus'] ceremonial Judaism..was so notorious that one author even affirms that he observed the rite of circumcision.

1891 A. U. Hancock Genius of Galilee 490 His intense Judaisms must be weeded out to make his narrative at all palatable to the Hellenistic and Roman worlds.

1988 New Eng. Q. 61 216 He [sc. Isaac Watts] would excise these ‘Judaisms’ from the Psalms and spiritualize them into full harmony with the Christian message.

3. English History. The revenue derived by the Crown from the Jewish community; (also) the treasury in London which received this money. Formerly also (occasionally): †the Jewish community (cf. Jewry n. 1) (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > income of a nation or state > derived from taxes > specific

Judaism1686

Exchequer of the Jews-

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > inhabited by similar people > Jewish

Jewryc1325

Jew town1592

ghetto1611

Jewish quarter1658

mellah1809

Judaism1851

eruv1963

1686 F. Philipps Investigatio Jurium Antiquorum vii. 89 The Prince having the Command of the Judaisme or Bank of the usuring Jewes, as also the Mannor, Town, and Castle of Stamford assigned unto him.

1732 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) I. viii. 347 The Receit, or place appointed for the Management of the Revenue of the Judaism, was called Scaccarium Judæorum, or Judaismi... In fine, there was also a Wardrobe of the Judaism near the Exchequer of the Jews.

1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. i. 10 What in the writ is named the King's Jewry. [Note] This Judaism or Jewry, was probably an exchequer or treasury erected by Henry for receiving the sums received from the Jews.

1812 European Mag. June 441/1 This exchequer of the Jews..was appropriated to the reception of a very heavy annual tax, called the King's Judaism.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 116/1 The Jews had also their Jewerie, or Judaisme, not for a ‘corporation’ merely, but also for the requirements of their faith and worship, and for their living together.

1884 S. Dowell Hist. Taxation in Eng. I. iv. vi. 90 The revenue of the Judaism, as it was termed, was managed by a separate branch of the exchequer, termed the exchequer of the Jews.

1906 Jewish Encycl. VI. 614/2 Under date of July 28, 1232, appears a grant by King Henry III. to Peter de Rivall, granting him..‘the custody of the King's Judaism in Ireland’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	judaism
释义	Judaismn. Brit. /ˈdʒuːdeɪɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈdʒudeɪˌɪzəm/, /ˈdʒudəˌɪzəm/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s Iudaisme, 1500s–1600s Iudaysme, 1500s–1600s (1800s historical) Judaisme, 1500s–1700s Iudaism, 1500s– Judaism, 1600s Jewdaism. Also with lower-case initial.The capital forms of the letters J and I were not normally distinguished until the 17th cent. (compare discussion at J n.). Distinctions between J and I in editions of earlier texts usually simply reflect editorial conventions adopted by modern editors. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Iudaismus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Iudaismus Jewish religion, Jewish rites (Vetus Latina, Vulgate; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), Jewish quarter (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), Jewish community (13th cent. in British sources), Exchequer of the Jews (13th cent. in British sources, after scaccarium Judaismi in the same sense: compare sense 3), indebtedness to a Jew (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), act of Judaizing (1530 in the passage translated in quot. 1543 at sense 1) < Hellenistic Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός Jewish religion (Septuagint (2 Maccabees 2:21), New Testament (Galatians 1:13)) < Ἰουδαῖος (see Judaean adj.) + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French judaisme, French judaïsme (c1150; apparently unattested between the mid 13th and mid 16th centuries), Spanish judaísmo (mid 13th cent.), Italian giudaismo (a1342), all in sense ‘religion of the Jewish people’.In form Jewdaism showing alteration after Jew n. 1. The religion or culture of the Jewish people, based on belief in one God and on the teachings and laws of the Torah and the Talmud (see Talmud n., Torah n.); the profession, practice, or doctrines of this religion; the fact or state of being or identifying oneself as Jewish. Cf. Jew n. 1a, Jewish adj. 1.Followers of Judaism trace its origin to the covenant established between God and the ancient Hebrew people of Israel. Jewish worship was originally centrally organized but the destruction of the First Temple in 586 b.c.e. led to a wide dispersion or diaspora of Jewish people around the world (see diaspora n. 1). Rituals of Judaism centre on the home and the synagogue, and its chief day of worship is the Shabbat or Sabbath (from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday), with major annual holidays including Yom Kippur and Passover. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] churcheOE Jewryc1384 Jewheada1400 Judaisma1425 Jewship1535 Jewishness1537 Jewism1579 Israelitism1627 Jewhood1847 Jewdom1850 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Gal. i. 13 (MED) For ȝee hafe herde my conuersacyoun sum tyme in Iudaisme [L. in iudaismo]. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxiiii He anon renouncyd his Iudaisme or Moysen Lawe, And was cristenyd, and lyued after as a Cristen Man. 1543 G. Joye tr. U. Zwingli Rekening & Declar. Faith vii. sig. cc^v If we shuld any otherwyse thinke and beleue of the sacramentis..then were there now comen agene emonge vs the very Judaisme [L. Iudaismus] & ryte of religion of the Iewes. a1591 H. Smith Gods Arrowe (1593) f. 1^v Mahomets Religion is a patched religion, mixt partly with Judaism, partly with Gentilism. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. ii. 21 Those that behaued themselues manfully to their honour for Iudaisme . View more context for this quotation 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 150 They being baptised, revolted to their former Iudaisme. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles xxii. 244 It was a Remnant both of Judaism and Gentilism, that the Souls of the Martyrs hovered about their Tombs. 1711 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation I. ii. ii. 232 He suffer'd himself to be brib'd by a Sum of Money, to perswade a converted Jew to return to his Judaism. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 320 This parliament took into consideration..the taking away of tithes, which they called a relict of Judaism. 1849 R. Vaughan Age & Christianity vi. 283 This system became as priestly and as ritual-bound as Judaism had ever been. 1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 93 Judaism and Christianity had given currency to the doctrines of one God. 1909 Missionary Rev. of World Dec. 891/1 Can Christianity give the Jew anything that is better than that which his Judaism furnishes? 1968 L. Rosten Joys of Yiddish 141 The idea of respect for others and the values of a pluralistic society form an old, integral part of Judaism and Jewish tradition. 2004 S. S. Baldwin Tiger Claw xvii. 236 My mother converted to Judaism, but she has never felt it in every bone as my father did. 2. The adoption or retention of Jewish religious practices on the part of Christians; the action or fact of Judaizing. Now more usually as a count noun: a practice, belief, etc., associated with Jews. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > following of Judaism1578 Judaizing1582 1578 W. W. tr. J. Rivius Notable Disc. Happinesse our Age i. sig. G.ij^v More matter concerning the abuse of ceremonies..of Pharasaisme in the Frieries and Monasteries,..of Iudaisme [L. de Iudaismo] in Ecclesiasticall rites, [etc.]. 1609 H. Broughton Def. Concent of Script. sig. B3 D[octor] Bancroft..allowed Maister Livelies Iudaismes in more high extremitie, then Aben Ezra would wishe. 1625 ‘I. Rodoginus’ Differences Easterne & Westerne Churches 27 They shaue their beards, and all the haires of their body, holding this in a manner for expiation, which is meere Iudaisme. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 54 As if the touch of a lay Christian..could profane dead judaisms. 1708 J. Earle et al. Pract. Disc. Singing in Worship of God ii. 41 Those Psalms, that look as if they were either personal, or wrapt up in Judaisms. a1831 A. Knox Remains (1844) I. 97 What I have already called the Judaism of his distinct party. 1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. i. i. 25 His [sc. Paulus'] ceremonial Judaism..was so notorious that one author even affirms that he observed the rite of circumcision. 1891 A. U. Hancock Genius of Galilee 490 His intense Judaisms must be weeded out to make his narrative at all palatable to the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. 1988 New Eng. Q. 61 216 He [sc. Isaac Watts] would excise these ‘Judaisms’ from the Psalms and spiritualize them into full harmony with the Christian message. 3. English History. The revenue derived by the Crown from the Jewish community; (also) the treasury in London which received this money. Formerly also (occasionally): †the Jewish community (cf. Jewry n. 1) (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > income of a nation or state > derived from taxes > specific Judaism1686 Exchequer of the Jews- society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > inhabited by similar people > Jewish Jewryc1325 Jew town1592 ghetto1611 Jewish quarter1658 mellah1809 Judaism1851 eruv1963 1686 F. Philipps Investigatio Jurium Antiquorum vii. 89 The Prince having the Command of the Judaisme or Bank of the usuring Jewes, as also the Mannor, Town, and Castle of Stamford assigned unto him. 1732 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) I. viii. 347 The Receit, or place appointed for the Management of the Revenue of the Judaism, was called Scaccarium Judæorum, or Judaismi... In fine, there was also a Wardrobe of the Judaism near the Exchequer of the Jews. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. i. 10 What in the writ is named the King's Jewry. [Note] This Judaism or Jewry, was probably an exchequer or treasury erected by Henry for receiving the sums received from the Jews. 1812 European Mag. June 441/1 This exchequer of the Jews..was appropriated to the reception of a very heavy annual tax, called the King's Judaism. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 116/1 The Jews had also their Jewerie, or Judaisme, not for a ‘corporation’ merely, but also for the requirements of their faith and worship, and for their living together. 1884 S. Dowell Hist. Taxation in Eng. I. iv. vi. 90 The revenue of the Judaism, as it was termed, was managed by a separate branch of the exchequer, termed the exchequer of the Jews. 1906 Jewish Encycl. VI. 614/2 Under date of July 28, 1232, appears a grant by King Henry III. to Peter de Rivall, granting him..‘the custody of the King's Judaism in Ireland’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1425
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