jatin.

Brit.

/ˈdʒɑːti/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɑti/

Forms:

α. (chiefly in sense 2) 1800s– jat Brit. /dʒɑːt/, U.S. /dʒɑt/.

β. 1800s– jati, 1800s– jaati.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit jāti.

Etymology: < Sanskrit jāti (also with vernacular pronunciation jāt) birth, position determined by birth, rank, caste, species, category of music < jan- to be born ( < the same Indo-European base as kin n.¹) + -ti, derivative suffix.

1. Any of various classes or categories in Indian classical music; esp. (a) (chiefly with reference to early Indian music) each of a number of melodic types used as tonal frameworks for composition and improvisation; a raga (raga n.); (b) any of a number of categories of raga differentiated depending on the number of notes it uses; (c) any of several categories of metrical pattern or tala (tala n.).

ΚΠ

1834 N. A. Willard Treat. Music Hindoostan 56 Rags and Raginees are divided into three classes (Jati).

1891 C. R. Day Mus. & Mus. Instruments S. India iii. 36 The different degrees of time are termed Tâlas, of which there are seven, each being sub-divided into five ‘jâtis’, or kinds; so that there are in use no less than thirty-five distinct measures.

1931 Musical Q. 17 19 In the Carnatic musical system, tala or time based upon the akshara or syllable is of seven varieties, each one of which is sub-divided into five jatis or classes, named according to the number of aksharas in the principal beat.

1968 A. Daniélou Rāga-s of N. Indian Music ii. 55 The classes obtained by grouping the modes according to the number of their notes are sometimes known as jāti-s.

2011 in K. Kuiper Culture of India vi. 251/2 The jatis..were not merely scales, but were also assigned 10 melodic characteristics: graha, the initial note; amsha, the predominant note [etc.].

2. Chiefly in South Asian contexts: a social or kinship group considered as forming a discrete unit in society; spec. any of the many hereditary social, tribal, or occupational classes or groupings into which Hindu society is traditionally divided; a caste or sub-caste; a person's class, rank, or position in society as determined by membership of such a group. Cf. caste n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun]

mankinOE

tribea1325

rod1483

jati1838

phratry1876

1838 R. M. Martin Hist. E. India I. i. iv. 216 They are subdivided into tribes, which they call Jat or castes.

1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping I. i. 5 Are they not all one jât or caste?

1931 N. K. Dutt Orig. & Growth Caste in India i. 6 Many castes or jatis were produced by a series of crosses..between members of the four varnas.

1989 Sociol. Bull. 38 65 It may fairly accurately be said that there are no distinct levels above the jati of the individual.

2004 I. McDonald River of Gods (2005) xxxii. 366 You married within jati and that is a treasure beyond price.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	jati
释义	jatin. Brit. /ˈdʒɑːti/, U.S. /ˈdʒɑti/ Forms: α. (chiefly in sense 2) 1800s– jat Brit. /dʒɑːt/, U.S. /dʒɑt/. β. 1800s– jati, 1800s– jaati. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit jāti. Etymology: < Sanskrit jāti (also with vernacular pronunciation jāt) birth, position determined by birth, rank, caste, species, category of music < jan- to be born ( < the same Indo-European base as kin n.¹) + -ti, derivative suffix. 1. Any of various classes or categories in Indian classical music; esp. (a) (chiefly with reference to early Indian music) each of a number of melodic types used as tonal frameworks for composition and improvisation; a raga (raga n.); (b) any of a number of categories of raga differentiated depending on the number of notes it uses; (c) any of several categories of metrical pattern or tala (tala n.). ΚΠ 1834 N. A. Willard Treat. Music Hindoostan 56 Rags and Raginees are divided into three classes (Jati). 1891 C. R. Day Mus. & Mus. Instruments S. India iii. 36 The different degrees of time are termed Tâlas, of which there are seven, each being sub-divided into five ‘jâtis’, or kinds; so that there are in use no less than thirty-five distinct measures. 1931 Musical Q. 17 19 In the Carnatic musical system, tala or time based upon the akshara or syllable is of seven varieties, each one of which is sub-divided into five jatis or classes, named according to the number of aksharas in the principal beat. 1968 A. Daniélou Rāga-s of N. Indian Music ii. 55 The classes obtained by grouping the modes according to the number of their notes are sometimes known as jāti-s. 2011 in K. Kuiper Culture of India vi. 251/2 The jatis..were not merely scales, but were also assigned 10 melodic characteristics: graha, the initial note; amsha, the predominant note [etc.]. 2. Chiefly in South Asian contexts: a social or kinship group considered as forming a discrete unit in society; spec. any of the many hereditary social, tribal, or occupational classes or groupings into which Hindu society is traditionally divided; a caste or sub-caste; a person's class, rank, or position in society as determined by membership of such a group. Cf. caste n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [noun] mankinOE tribea1325 rod1483 jati1838 phratry1876 1838 R. M. Martin Hist. E. India I. i. iv. 216 They are subdivided into tribes, which they call Jat or castes. 1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping I. i. 5 Are they not all one jât or caste? 1931 N. K. Dutt Orig. & Growth Caste in India i. 6 Many castes or jatis were produced by a series of crosses..between members of the four varnas. 1989 Sociol. Bull. 38 65 It may fairly accurately be said that there are no distinct levels above the jati of the individual. 2004 I. McDonald River of Gods (2005) xxxii. 366 You married within jati and that is a treasure beyond price. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1834
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