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单词 jasper
释义

jaspern.1

Brit. /ˈdʒɑːspə/, /ˈdʒaspə/, U.S. /ˈdʒæspər/
Forms: Also Middle English iaspre, Middle English iaspere, 1500s iaspar.
Etymology: < Old French jaspre (15th cent. in Littré) variant of jaspe = Spanish jaspe, Portuguese jaspe, Provençal jaspi, Italian iaspide, < Latin iaspis, iaspid-em, < Greek ἴασπις, ἰασπιδ- jasper, a word of eastern origin: compare Hebrew yashpeh (Exodus xxviii. 20), Assyrian asphū; Persian yashm, and yashp (Persian and Arabic yashb, and yashf) jasper. In medieval Latin diasprus, diasprum, was used both for jasper and diaper; Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese diaspro have also the sense ‘jasper’.
1. A kind of precious stone. (a) As rendering of Greek ἴασπις or Latin iaspis, name among the ancients for any bright-coloured chalcedony except carnelian, the most esteemed being of a green colour. (b) In modern use: an opaque cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, of various colours, usually red, yellow, or brown, due mostly to the admixture of iron oxide. agate jasper, ‘an agate consisting of jasper with veinings and cloudings of chalcedony’ (1868 Dana Min. (ed. 5) 195). banded, striped, or ribbon jasper, a variety having the colours in broad stripes. Egyptian jasper, a variety much used in ancient art, occurring in nodules with zones of brown, yellow, or red. porcelain jasper (see porcelain n. and adj. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > jasper
jasperc1330
jaspa1350
jaspis1382
jasper stone1517
diasper1582
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > others
jasperc1330
jaspa1350
jaspis1382
jasper stone1517
diasper1582
Mocha stone1679
haytorite1827
sapphirine1866
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chert > jasper
jasperc1330
riband jasper1790
ruin jasper1798
ribbon jasper1804
jasp1900
c1330 Owayn 37 Jaspers topas and cristal Margarites and coral.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1180 (1229) Doun she sette here by hym on a ston Of Iaspre vp-on a quysshon gold y-bete.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 998 Iasper hyȝt þe fyrst gemme.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 43 Þare was..a boist of grene iasper with foure figures and viii. names of oure Lord þerin.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xxi. 18 The byldinge of the wall of hit was of iaspar.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. v. f. 115 He founde many of the precious stones cauled Smaragdes, calcedones, and Iaspers.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 39/2 The Jasper is somwhat green, yet specked with bloody spots.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 446.
1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 60 Glistening [minerals]..Examples, grey copper ore, porcelain jasper.
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha iv. 51 Oaken arrows, Tipped with jasper.
1861 C. W. King Antique Gems (1866) 18 The true antique Jasper, vermillion coloured, is only to be met with in antique examples.
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 195 Porcelain jasper is nothing but baked clay, and differs from true jasper in being B.B. fusible on the edges.
2. Short for jasper-ware n. at Compounds 3 (see Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > English porcelain > by Wedgwood
Egyptian black1784
bamboo1787
jasper1825
jasper-pottery1825
basalt1832
jasper-ware1863
mortar ware1865
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 476 In Messrs. Riley's shining black biscuit porcelain, the ware is of a jet black jasper, or porcelain body.
1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 17 Jasper,..a white porcelainous biscuit of exquisite delicacy and beauty [among Wedgwood's inventions].
1894 S. Smiles J. Wedgwood xiv. 153 The material was called jasper from its resemblance to that stone. The jasper ware was made of white porcelain bisque.

Compounds

C1. Simple attributive or adj. Made or consisting of jasper.
ΚΠ
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 432 On the jasper steps to rear the throne.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. xviii. 372 Are not pictures and statues as much furniture as gold plate or jasper tables?
C2.
a.
jasper-glitter n.
ΚΠ
1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 426 Her hair had grown just long enough To catch Heaven's jasper-glitter.
b.
jasper-hued adj.
ΚΠ
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 514 [Calculi] purple jasper-hued, red, brown, crystalline.
jasper-like adj.
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1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 July 5/2 Red Etruscan is the unmeaning trade name of this jasper-like stone.
C3.
jasper-dip n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > paste for making porcelain > coating of
jasper-dip1894
1894 S. Smiles J. Wedgwood xiv. 154 He afterwards invented his jasper-dip in 1777.
jasper-opal n. an impure opal containing iron oxide and having the colour of yellow jasper.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > opal > [noun] > varieties of
girasol1588
oculus mundi1661
eye of the world1730
hydrophane1784
cacholong1791
pitchstone1794
pyrophane1794
semi-opal1794
fire opal1811
sun opal1818
isopyre1827
alumocalcite1832
jasper-opal1843
opal jasper1848
resin opal1850
pitch opal1861
jasp-opal1868
opal-agate1868
harlequin1873
harlequin opal1887
wax-opal1896
potch1897
pinfire1902
moss opal1904
nobby1919
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > amorphous quartz or opal > others
girasol1588
oculus mundi1661
hydrophane1784
cacholong1791
pitchstone1794
pyrophane1794
semi-opal1794
wood-stone1794
fire opal1811
wood-opal1816
sun opal1818
isopyre1827
jasper-opal1843
opal jasper1848
resin opal1850
natural glass1853
pitch opal1861
vitrite1866
jasp-opal1868
opal-agate1868
pearl opal1872
harlequin1873
harlequin opal1887
wax-opal1896
potch1897
moss opal1904
nobby1919
1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 208 Associated with it, but sparingly, jasper-opal is found.
jasper-pottery n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > English porcelain > by Wedgwood
Egyptian black1784
bamboo1787
jasper1825
jasper-pottery1825
basalt1832
jasper-ware1863
mortar ware1865
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 483 The jasper pottery..is extremely beautiful; and is formed of blue and porcelain clay, Cornish-stone, Cork-stone, (sulphate of barytes), flint, and a little gypsum, tinged with cobalt calx.
jasper stone n. Obsolete = sense 1(a).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > jasper
jasperc1330
jaspa1350
jaspis1382
jasper stone1517
diasper1582
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > others
jasperc1330
jaspa1350
jaspis1382
jasper stone1517
diasper1582
Mocha stone1679
haytorite1827
sapphirine1866
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) iv. 20 Of Iasper stones it was wonderly wrought.
1611 Bible (King James) Rev. xxi. 11 Like a iasper stone, cleare as christal.
jasper-ware n. a fine kind of porcelain invented by Wedgwood, and used by him for his cameos, and other most delicate work.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > English porcelain > by Wedgwood
Egyptian black1784
bamboo1787
jasper1825
jasper-pottery1825
basalt1832
jasper-ware1863
mortar ware1865
1863 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings (1879) II. 206 Of the ware which I believe is called jasper-ware.
jasper-wash n. a kind of ceramic decoration introduced by Wedgwood, in which jasper-ware is used for the surface, the body being of coarser material.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jaspern.2

Brit. /ˈdʒaspə/, U.S. /ˈdʒæspər/
Etymology: Male Christian name.
U.S. colloquial.
A person, fellow: usually with contemptuous overtones; spec. a rustic simpleton, ‘hick’. Also (with capital initial) used as a nickname (see quot. 1929, 1952).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun]
churla800
werec900
rinkeOE
wapmanc950
heOE
wyeOE
gomeOE
ledeOE
seggeOE
shalkOE
manOE
carmanlOE
mother bairnc1225
hemea1250
mother sona1250
hind1297
buck1303
mister mana1325
piecec1325
groomc1330
man of mouldc1330
hathela1350
sire1362
malea1382
fellowa1393
guestc1394
sergeant?a1400
tailarda1400
tulka1400
harlotc1405
mother's sona1470
frekea1475
her1488
masculinea1500
gentlemana1513
horse?a1513
mutton?a1513
merchant1549
child1551
dick1553
sorrya1555
knavea1556
dandiprat1556
cove1567
rat1571
manling1573
bird1575
stone-horse1580
loona1586
shaver1592
slave1592
copemate1593
tit1594
dog1597
hima1599
prick1598
dingle-dangle1605
jade1608
dildoa1616
Roger1631
Johnny1648
boy1651
cod1653
cully1676
son of a bitch1697
cull1698
feller1699
chap1704
buff1708
son of a gun1708
buffer1749
codger1750
Mr1753
he-man1758
fella1778
gilla1790
gloak1795
joker1811
gory1819
covey1821
chappie1822
Charley1825
hombre1832
brother-man1839
rooster1840
blokie1841
hoss1843
Joe1846
guy1847
plug1848
chal1851
rye1851
omee1859
bloke1861
guffin1862
gadgie1865
mug1865
kerel1873
stiff1882
snoozer1884
geezer1885
josser1886
dude1895
gazabo1896
jasper1896
prairie dog1897
sport1897
crow-eater1899
papa1903
gink1906
stud1909
scout1912
head1913
beezer1914
jeff1917
pisser1918
bimbo1919
bozo1920
gee1921
mush1936
rye mush1936
basher1942
okie1943
mugger1945
cat1946
ou1949
tess1952
oke1970
bra1974
muzhik1993
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant
chuffc1440
mobarda1450
lob1533
lobcocka1556
clown1565
hick1565
bumpkin1570
swad1572
peasant1576
hob-clunch1578
hoblob1582
clubhutchen1584
bacon1598
boor1598
hobbinol1600
homespun1600
loblolly lamb1600
lob-coat1604
loblolly1604
hobnail1645
champkina1652
bacon-slicer1653
jobson1660
hob-thrush1682
country put1688
put1688
country cousin1692
clodhopper1699
hawbuck1787
Johnny Raw1803
joskin1811
yokel1819
whopstraw1821
chaw-bacon1822
lobeline1844
country jake1845
Hoosier1846
hayseed1851
Reuben1855
scissorbill1876
agricole1882
country jay1888
rube1891
jasper1896
farmer1903
stump jumper1936
woop woop1936
potato head1948
no-neck1961
1896 H. M. Blossom Checkers x. 229 After supper..I went over to the only shanty in the place that looked like a store, and opened the door. There were a lot of ‘Jaspers’ sitting around the stove, chewing Tobacco and swapping lies.
1914 ‘B. M. Bower’ Flying U Ranch 174 Some uh you boys help me rope him—like him and that other jasper over there done to Andy.
1929 T. Gordon Born to Be 236 Zigaboo, Dingo, Jasper, nicknames for Ethiopians.
1952 W. Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 103 Jasper, the traditional name for the villain of the piece in melodrama.
1963 ‘M. Corrigan’ Why do Women—? xxiii. 173 If that dark jasper calls on you again, try and keep him here.
1970 New Yorker 17 Oct. 40/3 What's with those jaspers?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

jaspern.3

Brit. /ˈdʒaspə/, U.S. /ˈdʒæspər/
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a proper name. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: proper name Jasper ; jasper n.1
Etymology: Origin uncertain and disputed. Suggestions include: (i) Derivation ultimately < the male forename Jasper (see jasper n.2), probably suggested by the similarity in sound between the name and wasp n.1, although perhaps compare earlier use of jasper in the sense ‘louse’, noted in Eng. Dial. Dict. at Jasper sb. from Lincolnshire in 1866. (ii) A specific sense development of jasper n.1 with allusion to the yellow colour and dark banding of some minerals known by this name.
regional.
A wasp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > a wasp
waspc725
waspya1529
yellow jacket1796
jasper1967
1967 M. J. Pearce Ligon Pioneers Kentucky 70 I was gathering eggs in the barn loft and knocked down the nest of some ‘jaspers’ or wasps.
1969 Nat. Sci. in Schools Spring 1/1 After installation of the colony some days elapse before the excitement engendered in the children by the proximity of so many ‘stingers’, ‘Jaspers’, ‘wasps’, or ‘creepy-crawlies’ subsides sufficiently for a scientific observation of the colony to begin.
2003 S. Hill Boy who taught Beekeeper to Read 9 Well you're safe enough here if you steer clear of jaspers and don't fall in the pond.
2013 @MonkeyChopchop 24 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Stung by a jasper! Leapt around the kitchen shouting profanities then trapped it in a jar.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jasperv.

Etymology: < jasper n.1: compare French jasper verb (in same sense), < jaspe noun; also Spanish jaspear, Portuguese jaspear to speckle like jasper, to sprinkle with green and vermilion; to marble.
Obsolete. rare.
1. intransitive. To have a speckling or clouding of various colours like some kinds of jasper; to be variegated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > be variegated [verb (intransitive)]
jasper1620
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote ii. xxxi. 206 Don Quixote's face was in a thousand colours, that Iaspered vpon his browe.
2. transitive. To variegate with different colours; to marble, to speckle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > variegate [verb (transitive)]
chequer?a1400
fleckc1430
engrail1483
shoot1532
begary1538
intermingle1553
enchase1590
diaper1592
sinew1592
motley1602
intercolour1607
damask1610
particolour1610
inshade1613
freta1616
enamel1650
discolour1656
variegatea1728
jasper1799
intershoot1845
patchwork1853
pattern1898
strand1914
harlequin-
1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) II. xiii. 427 How to imitate a Black Jasper, or variegated Black Marble... Lay it with a brush on what you want to be jaspered, whether a column, a table, or any thing else.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1c1330n.21896n.31967v.1620
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